"Grad" usoro - heaven iwe

multiple igba egbe rọketi usoro "Grad" a maara ọbụna na ndị nwere ngwá agha na ngwá agha ọ bụ mmasị. Ọ bụ kpọmkwem onye-nketa nke agha ebube nke kpara "Katyusha", nke bụ forerunners nke a n'ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke mmepe nke ogbunigwe usoro, dunyere niile isi arụmọrụ e ji mara pụta ụwa na ụdi ọgbọ MLRS: obere size, elu agagharị, mberede na ikike otu volley kụrụ multiple zaa na nnọọ nnukwu ebe .

Site nnọọ mbụ salvo "Katyusha", site na nke n'ụwa bilie na ya nne ele ụkwụ, na onye fasizim ìgwè abịa na a ala nke ujo, na a ụbọchị anụ ụlọ rọketi launchers bụ kacha mma n'ụwa. The usoro "Grad", banyere ọrụ ke ugbu a anya 1963, dochie "Katyusha" na ghọrọ a isi ụdị agha agha nke Soviet Army. N'ihi na ọtụtụ afọ, nke a reactive usoro amaghị hà n'etiti yiri ụdị nke mba ọzọ agha.

Mwube nke "Grad", mmepe nke nke e mma site a pụrụ iche ntụziaka nke ọchịchị na 1960, nwere ihe mbụ imewe dabeere na a fundamentally ọhụrụ, mgbe e ji mee engineering ngwọta. Emepe emepe MRL aku NII-47, edu nkà ngwá agha mmebe AN Gognichevym. "Grad" usoro e mere iji dochie ihe gharazie ịba uru agha usoro BM-14.

Ka mgbọ eji iji wụnye a 122-mm projectiles elu-agbawa agbawa ụdị M-21-PF. The usoro "Grad" e bu n'obi na-ebelata ebe nke ịta nke onye iro agha na armored ugbo ala, ogbunigwe na ngwa agha batrị, lọjistik nkeji, bonka chebe onwe, na nodal isi nke support. Nke ahụ bụ, akporo nke ndị a nrụnye e nnọọ iche iche. The mkpa ike dị otú ahụ dị irè ụdị ngwá agha n'oge tụziri site tensi see okwu n'etiti usoro ọchịchị na ntarama "agha nzuzo."

The usoro "Grad" mejupụtara a obubata n'elu na isi nke ụgbọala Ural-375, ọkụ akara usoro na pụrụ iche ugbo ala ụgbọ njem mgbọ na odori. Ụdi mgbanwe dị ka eriri igwe eji ụgbọala elu cross Ural-4320. Speed nke ije nke ndị a akụ ụta bụ ruo 90 km / h, nke na-enye nnọọ elu agagharị na maneuverability.

The oge a usoro nke "Grad" na-onwem na a pụrụ iche akpaka akpalite "Vivarium" mgbagwoju. Ọ oku unguided 122-mm projectiles. Maka ozi na na ọnọdụ nke nzube na ọdịdị nke nhazi kọmputa usoro, nke bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke dum batrị. Site staffing echichi na-arụpụta a volley nke iri abụọ sekọnd, na cooldown bụ nanị asaa nkeji. Nrubeisi nke mgbọ a rụrụ nke odori n'elu ikpo okwu nke pụrụ iche imewe. Staff mgbọ kwa batrị mejupụtara atọ volleys. Nke a bụ nnọọ ezu na-ebibi fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụla nzube.

Warhead MRL "Grad" bụ onye nzube - na nduzi mmalite warheads mejupụtara iri anọ tubular ndu ogologo 3 m na gbọmgbọm mụụrụ dayameta hà 122,4 mm .. Kwụ na vetikal aiming na projectile mere a pụrụ iche dị ike electric drive.

Systems "Grad" gosipụtara na ha n'oge Afghan agha ndị Karabakh esemokwu na abụọ Chechen mkpọsa. Nke a agha usoro bụ nnukwu na-ewu ewu na fọrọ nke nta niile Arab na African mba ebe agha obodo na-abụkarị ndị umengwụ na-adịgide adịgide agwa.