History of Smolensk: ụbọchị nke ntọhapụ nke Smolensk

Fọrọ nke nta ọ bụla Russian obodo nwere ya pụrụ iche dike akụkọ, ma taa anyị ga-elekwasị anya St. Petersburg - otu n'ime ndị kasị ochie Russian obodo, nke dị ihe dị 400 km si Moscow, nke dị n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ-direction. Tupu anyị na-isiokwu nke "Day nke ntọhapụ nke Smolensk si Nazi mwakpo", cheta na nkenke isi akụkọ na Central obodo nke Smolensk, nke dị ezigbo ọgaranya dị iche iche ihe.

Ebe e wusiri obodo

E kwuru banyere Smolensk hụrụ na Ustiug emere n'ubọchi, nke e dere 862-865 afọ. Na 882, ndị obodo ahụ bụ akụkụ nke Kievan ala, Prince Oleg were na Site n'ibu ya ọchịchị Prince Igor. Ọ pụtara na n'oge ochie akụkọ ihe mere eme ahia ụzọ. Smolensk bụ isi ebe nke ahia na crafts, nke ghọrọ maka Slavic ebo Krivichy center na a agha e wusiri ike.

Ajụjụ nke ụbọchị nke ntọhapụ nke Smolensk si Nazi iji mma ịghọta foto a, mkpa a obere ihe maara na a ole na ole isi ihe maka obodo. Nke nta nke nta, ọ na-emepe emepe akụ na ụba, na XII narị afọ, ọ bilie ndutịm na omenala n'etiti nke Smolensk ihe gbasara onye isi. The obodo bi duru a na; ahia, usoro a nkwekọrịta si 1229, na Baltic mba na Riga. Na oge site na 1404 ka 1514 afọ, ndị obodo ahụ bụ akụkụ nke Grand Duchy nke Lithuania.

The agha n'ihi na obodo

Na 1410 Smolensk shelves na Polish na Lithuanian agha nkeji abuana ke Agha nke Grunwald.

Na 1596-1602 gg. Smolensk ama gbara ya gburugburu a nkume mgbidi, a wusiri ike rụrụ site atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke Smolenschiny Fedor Eltekọn. Nke a wusiri ike na aha mgbe a nkume olu Russian ala.

N'oge agbachitere Smolensk, nke Mgbagwoju si 1609-1611 afọ., The obodo jide okporo osisi na 1654, ọ na-ọzọ meriri Russian.

Day nke ntọhapụ nke Smolensk si French

Na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Smolensk ọ dị ezigbo mkpa banyere afọ 1812 - n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, mgbe obodo ahụ n'okpuru agha n'otu Russian agha Bagration na Barclay de Tolly na Napoleon agha. Ntọhapụ nke Smolensk si French mmeri mere November 4, 1812. Smolensk obodo n'oge a nọ na-kpamkpam mebiri emebi.

Na XIX narị afọ ọ ghọrọ a ehiwe obodo ise ụgbọ okporo ígwè e, ya mere na-eri obodo elu ngwa ngwa. Ná mmalite nke XIX narị afọ e nwere banyere 20 ulo oru na ụlọ ọrụ achụmnta. Na 1929, St. Petersburg - etiti nke dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ n'ógbè.

September 25 - ụbọchị nke ntọhapụ nke Smolensk si German mwakpo

Mgbe German onye fasizim mwakpo wakporo Soviet Union, mgbe ụfọdụ izu abụọ, na-kpọmkwem, July 10, ha mgbidi Smolensk.

Na ókèala nke Smolensk region si akpa izu nke agha na egwu na-egwuri si kasị di ọku ibu agha, nke ahụ nwere a akụkọ ihe mere eme aha - Smolensk nzere agha. Ọ bụ a ọnwa abụọ na-egbu oge mmalite nke German mwakpo nke Moscow, ọ nyeere isi obodo iji kwadebe maka na izute onye iro isi-on. Eziokwu a emewo ka ida nke Hitler monstrous plan.

The Battle nke Smolensk , Soviet agha bibie 250 puku ndị agha na ndị isi nke Wehrmacht. Soviet agha 16 nke, 19 nke na 20 nke Army na ndị kasị sie ike na-eme ihe ike na-alụ ọgụ na Smolensk district na-agba mbọ Solovieva ịgafe, Dukhovshchina, Yelnia Yartsev na obi ike na-alụ agha kasị ike nke German agha otu "Center".

Day nke ntọhapụ nke Smolensk ka dị anya. July 16, 1941 Smolensk e biri ndị Nazi na July 29 - na dara Zadneprovskaya nke Smolensk mpaghara.

Arụ na okpuru

Soviet agha apụghị ịla azụ ndị ka elu agha nke onye iro, ma na-amanye na-atọgbọ Smolensk. Bi na ha nwere site na Germany. Otú ọ dị, na obodo na obodo nta megide onye iro ejikwara 120 partisan nkeji na detachments.

Mgbe e mesịrị, banyere 10 puku ndị agha na ndị ọrụ nche, partisans na ala Smolensk ógbè ọnọde enọ, asọpụrụ enọ na Ọla, 56 ndị mmadụ nọ na ọdịda nke aha dike nke Soviet Union, n'etiti ha ọchịagha nke ndị agha okpuru unit Grishin SV na ndị agha okpuru Peter Galetsky Vladimir Kurylenko.

mmeri

Ọ na-kweere na September 25, 1943 - ụbọchị nke ntọhapụ nke Smolensk (photos nke na oge na-aga niile egwu agba egwu mbibi na mwute nke ji dakwasị anyị ala). Ọ bụrụ na nju-eso mere eme, ntọhapụ nke ndị Smolensk ọrụ wee ebe si August na October 1943 na bụ koodu aha ya bụ "Suvorov".

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ndị Soviet agha ndị dị ike oru na ngwá na zuru ezu manpower, Smolensk ka ahụ kpam kpam tọhapụrụ atọhapụ si iro.

Smolensk region tupu agha ahụ a na-agbawa okooko mpaghara, mgbe agha obodo Roslavl, Gzhatsk, Vyazma, Yartsevo ghọọ a mbibi.
Na Smolensk nke 8000 residential ụlọ 7300 ọkụ. Nazi ji obi ọjọọ ahụhụ ma gbara 350 puku ndị nkịtị, gụnyere ha naanị na Smolensk gburu 135.000.

Parts nke Western Front, na 70 ogige e nyere asọpụrụ aha "Smolensk", "Yartsevkie", "Roslavl". N'ụbọchị nke ntọhapụ nke Smolensk na Moscow e nyere a ekele nke 244 egbe na 20 artzalpami.

ukpono

Onyeisi ndị Soviet Army P. F. Klepach n'elu ụlọ nke hotel "Smolensk", nke bụ otu n'ime ole na ole na-anwụghị guzo, kpọlite ya red ọkọlọtọ. Obodo ahụ dum nọ na-fọrọ nke nta ebibi, ma mgbe zuru mmeri anyị German onye fasizim agha n'ime afọ iri na, obodo e weghachiri ma wughachi.

N'afọ 1966, obodo nke Smolensk natara Order of Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya m ogo, Order of Lenin na 1983 na aha nke dike City May 6, 1985.

Iji nweta a mma obi na-adị ya, mgbe ị gara na Smolensk ileta a pụrụ iche na-otu nke kasị mma World War II ngosi nka. Smolensk, nakwa dị ka ala nile nke Smolensk, tọgbọrọ aghara aghara na uka ili na mgbidi a wụrụ awụ. Ebe ekworo na-na ebe nchekwa nke ndị ahụ tara, ndị nwere ike ghara ichefu ndị agha na ọnwụ na-alụso onye mbusoagha.