IL-476: Nka na ụzụ nkọwa, mmanụ ụgbọala oriri, photos

Ụgbọ elu na mba anyị nwere miri mgbọrọgwụ na a dịkwa ebube mere eme. Karịsịa na-akpasu iwe na-ekiri, dị ka ọ bụ ugbu a Russian ugbo elu bụ mgbe tightly dabere na mba ọzọ suppliers. Ọ dabara nke ọma, ihe niile ahụ e a nọworo na-iwu nke zuru nnọchi nke bubata na-adịbeghị anya. Ma, ozugbo e nwere nsogbu na-eke gị onwe gị na iga ugbo elu.

Ruo mgbe na-adịbeghị anya, ọrụ a rụrụ jikotara aka wee na Ukraine CB "Antonov" ma na-ebu na na ọrụ a na-ụlọ ọrụ na-esiwanye ike. Tinyere ihe ndị ọzọ, na-Russian agha abụghị afọ ojuju na Ukrainian n'akụkụ metụtara ọkọnọ na mmepe. N'igbu ya nkenke, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka afọ iri, "Antonov" na ike na-enye ihe ọ bụla fundamentally ọhụrụ.

Obere oge, anyị na ala nyere ukara mmalite nke ya omume, n'ihi nke kwesịrị a kpam kpam ọhụrụ iga ụgbọelu anụ ụlọ mmepụta nke IL-476. Ugbu a na-arụ ọrụ na ya e kere eke zuru siwing.

About upgrades na akụkụ ndị ọzọ

Ọ maara na idé nke ndị agha na obodo iga ugbo elu na mba anyị bụ ndị agadi Il-76, bụ nke e ketara n'aka Soviet Union. The mbụ ugbo elu nke klas a kpọrọ ama on May 5, 1973. Production e rụrụ maka a ogologo oge na Tashkent ugbo elu osisi. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke na mmepụta mejupụtara banyere 40 afọ. Total jisiri na-anakọta dị ka otu puku nke igwe ndị a, na banyere otu narị n'ime ha e zigara n'ihi na mbupụ.

Ma taa eme na-atụ aro ihe e kere eke nke dị n'ụzọ dị ukwuu dị iche iche igwe, saa mbara, na ogologo nso. N'ezie, dị ka n'oge dị 1989, ozugbo mkpọsa na Afghanistan, ndị Soviet na-edu ndú akpatre enen ke echiche nke ọ dị mkpa ka na-emepụta nke a ugbo elu. Ke ofụri ofụri, na-amalite mmepụta nke modernized ụgbọelu dị nnọọ adị n'ezie, ebe ọ bụ na banyere otu oge, na osisi e ulo oru na mmepụta nke ọhụrụ, mmanụ-oru oma engines PS-90A. Ma mgbe ha nọ na Tashkent ka ha mmepụta emeghị.

Nnọchi nke oké egwu na usoro

Ya mere, ihe gosiri ọdịiche ọhụrụ IL-476? Ọtụtụ. Mbụ, ndị ọkachamara na-fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam dochie nku. The ọhụrụ engines PS-90A-76 na awụnyebeghị. Ha nzube nke 14.500 kg (cruising), na elu arụmọrụ site 12-15%. Na nke a na nso mma ozugbo ka puku mmadụ ise kilomita. Na ihe bụ IL-476 mmanụ ụgbọala oriri? Ọ bụ 0,59 kg / kg · h, nke bụ budata obere karịa aga ụgbọ ala.

Arụ ọrụ nke mmadụ ise. Ebu ikike nke ọhụrụ nhọrọ na-eme atụmatụ na 60 tọn, nke nwere ike budata ịzọpụta mmanụ ụgbọala na ego na-ebu ọzọ ibu ole na ole flights.

Na ụgbọ elu na si nkasi obi!

Na mba anyị, ọhụrụ IL-476 ahụ bụ nke mbụ agha iga ugbo elu, nke na-enye a isi zuru okè larịị nke nkasi obi maka ndi oru ugbo na ụgbọ elu. Ya mere, ebe a na e nwere a full sink na ụlọ mposi. Ekweta na na na kacha elu anya nke puku mmadụ ise kilomita, ndị a nkọwa ndị dị oké mkpa!

Mgbakwasa ụlọ dị na a pụrụ iche akara ụlọ, bụ nke dị na-atụ ogige nke ugbo elu. Ndahie agbakwunyere ndu n'efu tank bụ 28 lita. Onwere, a ga-ezu maka otu ụgbọ elu, na-egbo mkpa nke ndi oru ugbo na a ole na ole paratroopers. Ebe ọ bụ na abụọ-oche mgbanwe IL-476 (picture nke adị n'isiokwu) nwere ike na-ebu ruo otu narị na iri ise airborne nwere ike na-ruo eruo na abụọ ndị ọzọ tank nke 80 lita ọ bụla.

Ozugbo tupu idobe ojiji nke ụlọ mposi ga-abụ dị, ebe ọ bụ na dị ka iwu si n'oge a na-nditịm ajuru aju ka unfasten ichebe jumpsuit. Ma na ogologo-osisi flights (na ọzụzụ agha ma ọ bụ na-arụ a ezigbo ọgụ ọrụ) mkpa nke a ọhụrụ na-esi ike overestimate. Na nke a, iji ụlọ mposi ga-niile ụgbọ elu oge ma e wezụga n'oge ọrịrị na ọdịda.

Ọ bụ ezie na "ụlọ mposi" isiokwu na ese na mbụ echiche bụ oké njọ, lagoro ezumike nka VDV cheta na mgbe ụfọdụ-aghaghị ịtachi obi maka ụbọchị. On nwoke ahụ ike a na-ekere nnọọ ezighị ezi, na Ya mere ụzọ nke Russian ugbo elu na-emepụta a na ubi kwesịrị otuto nile.

Ọmụmụ ihe dị ndụ - mbụ!

Dị na chọrọ nke na-adịbeghị anya, ọtụtụ ọrụ e mere na ebe nke mkpọtụ Mbelata na emission nke na-emerụ bekee n'ime ikuku. N'ihi ya, IL-476 complies na ọhụrụ ICAO ụkpụrụ. Nke a ozugbo kwere ka "na-emeghe elu-igwe" ọhụrụ ugbo elu bụghị naanị na ọ fọrọ nke nta niile anụ ụlọ flights, ma na-na European direction. Brussels dịwo anya oké egwu nke anyị ụgbọ elu maka elu larịị nke mkpọtụ mmetọ, ma ugbu a, nsogbu a ka e kpamkpam tutu amama.

Oddly ezu, ma, ọbụna ihe ndị mere na 90s n'oge nwere ike na-akwụsịlata mmepe nke oru ngo, ma ọ bụghị ịkwụsị ya. Ke akpa 2000s, ọchịchị ọhụrụ kpebiri iji n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama-adị n'elu na-arụ ọrụ na ọhụrụ ugbo elu. Ugbua na n'oge 2007, anyị malitere nke preparatory ọrụ maka mmalite nke usoro mmepụta ụgbọ elu ke Ulyanovsk.

The isi oru mara nke igwe

Immediate atụmatụ

Ọ na-zubere na na 2020 na Ministry of Defense ga-enweta dịghị ihe na-erughị 39 ọhụrụ IL-476. Nso nso a, ndị na-anya ụgbọelu na-ekwu na ọ na-zubere na-ebu flights ka mgbe niile kwalite igwe Il-76MD-90A, nke ga-emesị mata na iwepụ ihe niile kwere omume ntụpọ na Ọdịdị. Ewoo, ụgbọelu Il-476 ka nwere nsogbu ụfọdụ na o ketara eketa si aga nlereanya. Tupu mmalite nke usoro mmepụta nke ha mkpa ka a mata na iwepụ amanyere bụ iwu.

deliveries nke engines

A kọrọ na ya ugbu a na-enye ndị na-ama na-akwadebe dịkarịa ala 156 engines PS-90A-76, nke na-e na-arụnyere na ọhụrụ ugbo elu. The na-eri nke a nkwekọrịta (dị ka afọ ikpeazụ) karịa akara nke otu ijeri US dollar. Ha Ịhazi deliveries na-amalite n'oge dị ka afọ gara aga. O doro anya na, ihe niile gara kpọmkwem dị ka oge.

Development na nzukọ nke engines ẹkenịmde ke Perm Engine Plant, nke fọrọ nke nta kemgbe ntọala ya na-akwado mkpebi ndị ụgbọelu ụlọ ọrụ na ndị agha na owuwu. Nanị tinye, a na-emeputa bụ maara nke ọma ihe kpọmkwem ọnọdụ na-aghaghị ịbụ ike idi niile ya na ngwaahịa.

Kwụsie ike na njikwa!

Biko mara na ụzọ nke ụgbọala ọhụrụ, ụgbọelu Il-76MD-90A mbụ ama naanị afọ abụọ gara aga. The ụlọ bụ nnọọ ahụmahụ na ndi oru ugbo, onye nyere iwu ka dike nke Russia Nikolai Kuimov. Na ikuku, ụgbọelu bụ kpọmkwem 1 hour na 55 nkeji. The ọchịagha kwetara na ọhụrụ igwe nwere ezigbo ọnụego mgbanwe kwụsie ike, ka ya njikwa enweghị nnọọ ihe ọ bụla mkpesa.

Na October nke otu afọ ụgbọelu mbụ gosiri na President of Russia, Vladimir Putin. Na otu ụbọchị, ma na-aka site kasị n'oge nkwekọrịta n'etiti emeputa na Ministry of Defense, n'okpuru nke ruo 2020 agha ga-enweta kpọmkwem 39 Il-476, onye e ji mara na-nnọọ mmasị ndị agha. The nkwekọrịta uru dịrị kpọmkwem 140 ijeri rubles. A nnukwu onyinye maka anụ ụlọ ụlọ ọrụ, nke na ndị ọchịchị na aga na afọ na-idaba nnukwu iwu!

The mbụ ụgbọ elu ule

The mbụ ugbo elu IL-476 bụ a na-ọnụ ọgụgụ ụgbọ elu ule ikpeazụ afọ. Dị ka ha na-arụpụta igwe ghọtara dị ka n'ụzọ zuru ezu Dabara na niile chọrọ nke ndị ahịa. Ọzọkwa ule na debugging na-rụrụ na saịtị, ekesịpde "Ila". N'oge okpomọkụ nke 2013, ọhụrụ flagship nke anụ ụlọ ibu ugbo elu nke mbụ pụtara n'ihu ndị mba ọzọ na ahịa. Ọ mere na na ama MAKS.

Na June afọ gara aga, mbụ IL-476, ihe e ji mara nke na-nyere ke ibuotikọ emi, e mesịrị akpọrepu nke hanga maka mgbakọ. nku igbe e ndenye na center ngalaba maka ha zuru akara (eji mmanụ ụgbọala). Mgbe ahụ, na fọrọ nke nta njikere ụgbọelu malitere agba. Ebe a na ya ụfọdụ ọzọ, na uru a na-akwụsị, dị ka a na usoro e kpọrọ emegharị ka ọhụrụ Russian ụgbọelu.

Ozi banyere agba nke fuselage

Nke bụ eziokwu bụ na nke mbụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian ụgbọelu e ji anụ ụlọ Enamel ET-69 na ET-71-type polyurethane. Agba akpan mepụtara a Research Institute (Aircraft Materials) kpọmkwem maka IL-476. Production na-arụpụta agaghị kenkowaputa (omenala eji dai), na a Mat agba.

Ọ dị mma na-ekesa tinyere fuselage, dị iche elu Njirimara na nchedo nke ụlọ ihe megide ike ike kemịkal. Ke adianade do, e ji esiji ákwà bụ na o siri abraded. Ebe ọ bụ na iga ọrụ na-enwekarị ka ofufe na ọnọdụ ndị tara akpụ, ka overestimate mkpa nke ndị dị otú ahụ ọhụrụ bụ agaghị ekwe omume.

Na "pedigree"

The mbụ ụgbọelu bụghị naanị agba, nke e mma na Ministry of Defense, ma kwesịrị ekwesị aha "Ulyanovsk". City aha na kootu nke ogwe-akpan etinyere na na imi nke ụgbọ ala. All ụdi ugbo elu nke usoro isiokwu a na-zubere ekenye aha ndị oké mmadụ, nke bụ ebe obibi ndị Ulyanovsk mpaghara.

Gịnị bụ dị iche iche site na nke bu ya ụzọ? Mkpebi ule pilot

New IL-476, ihe e ji mara nke na-ese na zuru ezu na otu isiokwu zubere maka ajụjụ nke a dịgasị iche iche nke ngwongwo na ndi nkiti na ndị agha na nzube, na ibufe amphibious wakpo ngwá agha, gụnyere ụgbọala ndị nwere injin na ìhè IFV. Structurally, ọ nyere ohere na-na osisi n'ime otu narị na iri ise mmadụ nke mkpara.

Modern ụgbọ elu na akụrụngwa ( "iko kokpiiti") nwere ike n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama belata arụ ọrụ arụ, ukwuu kọwakwuru nnyocha na ana achi achi elu nchekwa nke ụgbọ elu. N'ebe ọrụ, e nwere a onye si akwọ ụgbọ mmiri na-egosi panel nke na-egosiputa ndị kasị mkpa ụgbọ elu data na ozugbo.

Oleg Ganovich, onye bụ a ọkachamara ule pilot, otú kwuru ihe dị iche na Ukrainian ugboibu An-70 na Il-476: "Na-agba ọsọ-elu ọhụrụ engines-enye magburu onwe osooso,-kụrụ a ọhụrụ reverse usoro adịru mgbe ọdịda ọsọ ike kwụọ ụgwọ ndị ọzọ ngwa ngwa. Mmasị ọhụrụ egosi ndị na-egosi na ọnụego nke ọrịrị ... Ini ekededi na ndị injinia na-now nwere onwe ha elu na-egosi, nke enyere a ọtụtụ ngwa ngwa na-eme mkpebi ọbụna ọnọdụ ndị siri ike. "

mfe

Nanị tinye, ọhụrụ iga ugbo elu IL-476 na-enyere aka ya arụ ọrụ ga-enweta ma na-agụ na ụgbọ elu na igodo ozi. The gbasara ohere ọnọdụ nke ọhụrụ-emana ugbo elu nwere ike ịbụ na ngwa ngwa na ihe fọrọ nke nta na-enweghị njehie-ekpebi ọ bụla ihu igwe, na ụzọ nile ụdị chakoo. Na aga igwe ya niile na-arụ ọrụ nanị co-ọkwọ ụgbọala, na ibu na nke mgbe ụfọdụ na-eto oke.

Ugbu a ụlọ IL-476 (na foto dị na akwụkwọ) nwere ọtụtụ egosi na niile ozi a dị ka ọ bụla pilot, ịbụ nke na-enweghị mkpa ka dọpụ uche mkparita uka na ụgbọ mmiri.

All ọrụ na anụ ụlọ ụgbọelu e rụrụ nanị electronic ụdị, na ọhụrụ na kọmputa na ngwá na pụrụ iche na mmemme. All a kwere ka na-ebelata ohere nke imewe njehie na mmejọ. Ke ofụri ofụri, ochie ngwá, nke ka na-eji na anụ ụlọ ugbo elu ụlọ ọrụ, ọtụtụ ndị ọhụrụ akụkụ a ugbo elu imewe na rụpụta bụ nanị ezi uche.

The ugbu a ala nke mmepụta osisi

Ugbu a, "Aviastar-SP" mmepe nke enterprise na nke ọhụrụ ụgbọelu ga-commercially emepụta, a na-skyrocketing. Ọ na-akọ na taa na nzukọ hangars e nwere dịkarịa ala 13 ugbo ala dị iche iche nkebi nke nzukọ. The ochichi debere a lekwasịrị wetara nke nke a kacha nta nke 18 ugbo elu kwa afọ. E wezụga ugboro ugboro kwuru 39 ugbo elu maka agha, ndị agha chọrọ ịtụ maka dịkarịa 50 ụgbọala.

Ke adianade do, ndị nwere mmasị na ọhụrụ Usoro gosiri nnọchiteanya nke Ministry of Ọnọdụ Mberede, nke na-ama na-eme atụmatụ ịzụta isii ụgbọelu. Dị ka ndị nnọchianya nke osisi, ọ zubere ịzụta nwekwara ụfọdụ ngalaba nke Interior Ministry na FSB, nakwa dị ka a ọtụtụ mba ndị ọzọ ahịa.

Ke adianade do, factory nwere a zuru ezu set na ndozi nke An-124-100 "Ruslan", nke na mba anyị bụ ka a otutu. Obere obere emepụta Tu-204SM. Ọ na-zubere idokwa enterprise-ntọhapụ ike nke ọhụrụ MS-21. Nanị tinye, osisi nwere na DATE ezu iwu. M ụtọ na ọtụtụ n'ime ha ga-eme ka mba anyị na-azara ọnụ.