Imikpu mmanụ: nkọwa, ojiji, na nzaghachi

Imikpu microscopic chọpụtara usoro-agụnye iwebata ngwaọrụ n'agbata oghere na ihe n'okpuru ọmụmụ pụrụ iche mmiri mmiri. Ọ na-enye ìhè nkwalite na mmụba nke mbugharị ókè. N'ihi ya, ihe nwere ike ịdị nnọọ nso na-enyocha ndị kasị nta nke ya ọcha, na-enweghị na-agbanwe agbanwe ngwaike. N'ihi ya, mmiri mmiri imikpu na-akpọ. The dịgasị iche iche nke ogige nwere ike na-eme ka ya. . The kasị ewu ewu a na-ewere imikpu mmanụ. Tụlee ya atụmatụ na zuru ezu.

Isi

The mbụ mmanụ imikpu Microscopy bụ cedar. Otú ọ dị, o nwere otu isi drawback. Na ya Njirimara ịgbanwe oge na-aga, na ọ gaghị ekwe omume iji nweta ihe ndị ha chọrọ na-arụpụta. N'èzí mmiri mmiri malitere nke nta nke nta thicken (ruo solidification). Ntem, ịgbanwe ma Refractive index. . Na narị afọ nke 20 malite na-emepụta sịntetik imikpu mmanụ. Na nke a na mmiri mmiri nwere emeela ka ọ enweghị n'elu.

Imikpu mmanụ: Standards

Key ọmụmụ parameters na-setịpụrụ na GOST 13739-78. обладает: Dị ka ọkọlọtọ, imikpu mmanụ nwere:

• Refractive index nd = 1.515 ± 0.001;
• transmittance na spektral nso si 500 na 700 nm na a oyi akwa ọkpụrụkpụ nke 1 mm - 95%, si 400 na 480 nanometers - 92%;

, считается 20 градусов. The kacha okpomọkụ na nke nmikpu mmanụ, na-ewere 20 degrees ike ga-eji. E nwekwara mba ụkpụrụ. Dị na ISO 8036/1, na Refractive index nke 1.518 + 0.0005, transmittance na a oyi akwa nke 10 mm maka spektral nso si 500 na 760 nanometers - 95%, na na 400 nm - 60%.

. Sị na parameters-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi ndị na-abụghị fluorescent imikpu mmanụ. Na ọkọlọtọ ISO 8036-1 / 2 kpebisiri ọmụmụ egosi maka luminescence. transmittance na spektral nso si 500 na 700 nm na a oyi akwa nke 10 mm bụ 95%, si 365 400 nanometers - 60%.

Isi ike kwa-emegiderịta

Detectable dị iche ke hotara na mbụ ụkpụrụ pụrụ iduga impairment nke kpọmkwem oghere site na iji nonconforming ya ọmụmụ. Dị ka a n'ihi:

1. Belata iche n'ihi omume nke * Tụkwasị-ekwekọghị na nkwenkwe.
2. Acha ubi na ihe n'okpuru ọmụmụ.
3. The ìhè na ihe ụgbọelu ma na-amụ na mpaghara nke guzobere onyinyo ya na-aghọ mkpumkpu.
4. The picture bịara ikiri.

nuances

Optical microscopes nwere ihe elu ịgba nke idozi ike nke a obere ihe karịa 100 ugboro. N'oge a dị larịị, na-abawanye nke ule isiokwu ọkụ kwesịrị nke elu mma. Ma ọ bụghị ya, na n'ihi ihe oyiyi bụ otú ọchịchịrị na-atụle ihe bụ nanị agaghị ekwe omume. Eziokwu ahụ bụ na refraction na dispersion nke ìhè emee n'etiti cover iko ma oghere. Imikpu mmanụ na-akwalite ukwuu ya kpọọ. N'ihi ya, ihe oyiyi na-aghọ ghọtakwuo.

Refractive Atụmatụ

Olee otú iji nweta a doo anya na foto a? The dị iche iche gburugburu nke ìhè refraction emee ụzọ dị iche iche. Ka ihe atụ, n'akuku nke refraction nke ụzarị na ikuku na iko ndị dị iche iche. Ke akpa idaha akụrụngwa 1.0, nke abụọ - 1.5. Nke a bụ isi nsogbu.

The ojiji nke mmanụ nwere ike ibelata Refractive index nke ụzarị na-agabiga ihe n'okpuru ọmụmụ. The eziokwu na mmiri mmiri nwere otu parameters dị ka iko. Nke a na-a homogeneous ajụ n'etiti slide na oghere, na nke kasị nke ìhè-agafe ihe abatakwa ngwaọrụ. Ya mere nweta a doo anya na ihe oyiyi.

technical mbipụta

A, anya m shells zubere maka imikpu ugbu osise Oil. The otu mmewere na-eji mgbe chọrọ aperture nke 1.0 ma ọ bụ karịa. Dị otú ahụ "imikpu" anya m na-eji kpọmkwem nmikpu na mmiri mmiri. Na nke a, ha na-n'ụzọ zuru ezu anọkwasị. Nke a na-enye elu nchedo mmebi anya m mmanụ.

nhazi ọkwa

Na omume, abụọ viscosities na-eji mmanụ: elu (ụdị B) na kasị ala (A). Ọtụtụ mgbe na ngwugwu i nwere ike ịhụ ozi na Refractive index. оэффициент преломления которого равен 1.515. Ka ihe atụ, ntọhapụ mmanụ imikpu (100 ml), nke Refractive index bụ 1,515 oeffitsient. Liquid na-enwe a ala viscosity, na-etinyere na airspace, na elu - ọnụ na condensers.

Usoro ojiji

Iji nweta a doo anya na ihe oyiyi nke ihe ihe, i kwesịrị ime ihe a pụtara dị mfe ụkpụrụ nduzi:

1. Chọta na-amụ isiokwu na mmịfe n'etiti ubi na ala magnification. N'ihi nzube a ka oghere bụ a obere ruru.
2. Tụgharịa agba gburugburu ngwaọrụ.
3. Tinye 100 ugboro oghere n'ime ọnọdụ.
4. Tinye a dobe mmanụ na slide iko, nke abụọ - na oghere.
5. Gbanwee na-arụ ọrụ anya ezi-elekwasị anya ruo mgbe a doro anya na foto nke ihe.

Na-arụ ọrụ, ọ dị mkpa ịkpachara anya. Ọ dị mkpa iji gbochie ikuku si abanye n'etiti cover iko ma oghere.

Oil nmikpu "MiniMed"

The ọmụmụ na-eji mgbe na-arụ ọrụ achromatic na apochromatic anya m nke ụdị ọ bụla nke na ngwá, na mgbakwunye na fluorescent. Dị ka ndị ọkachamara, na-eji nke a imikpu mmanụ, ya nwere ọtụtụ uru Njirimara. Liquid mma ọhụhụ nke ihe ihe, na-ebenata ntigbaa, ọnwụ nke ìhè na ngwa anya ọhụrụ. The ojiji nke mmanụ budata kọwakwuru nso nke ngwá nhọrọ.

nhicha ngwá

Mgbe na-arụ ọrụ na nmikpu mmanụ ga-etinye iji ngwaọrụ. Nhicha ga-emejuputa atumatu tupu oghere akọrọ. ihichaa oghere akwụkwọ a na-eji maka na mwepụ nke mmanụ residues. Akpọrepu epupụta-ọcha, ihe niile na iko n'elu. Lens akwụkwọ mmiri a pụrụ iche ngwọta na-ewepụ ndị fọdụrụnụ mmanụ.

ya mere eme

The mbụ ọkà mmụta sayensị kọwaa usoro nke nmikpu ahu, bụ Robert Guk. Na 1678, o bipụtara akwụkwọ ya Microscopium, nke niile nkọwa e nyere. Na 1812, nmikpu e chọrọ ka a n'aka na-agbazi oghere-ekwekọghị na nkwenkwe. Na-ede nke echiche bụ David Byuster. Odika ke 1840 ọ na-emepụta mbụ imikpu anya m. Ha na Onye Okike nke DB Amici. Ná mmalite, dị ka nmikpu ọmụmụ, na-eme nnyocha mee anise mmanụ. The Refractive index bụ nso na iko.