Isiokwu nke ndụ na Earth: oge, oge, na ihu igwe, ndu eme ntule

Life na Earth sitere karịa 3.5 ijeri afọ gara aga, n'oge na-adịghị mgbe e guzobere ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ. N'oge ntoputa na mmepe nke ndụ ntule emetụta guzobe nke efe, na ihu igwe. Ọzọkwa, tectonic na onodu ubochi mgbanwe ahụ mere ihe karịrị afọ, na-enwe mmetụta na mmepe nke ndụ na Earth.

Isiokwu nke ndụ na Earth ike mmasị, dabere na ọgụgụ oge nke ihe. Ọ nwere ike na-ekewa ụfọdụ nkebi nke dum akụkọ ihe mere nke Earth. The kasị ibu nke ha - nke a bụ oge nke ndụ. Ha na-ekewa n'ime eras, oge - na oge, oge-on oge, oge - ọtụtụ narị afọ.

Oge nke ndụ na Earth

The dum oge nke ịdị adị nke ndụ na Earth nwere ike kewara abụọ oge: na Precambrian, ma ọ bụ kriptozoy (isi oge nke 3.6 na 0,6 ijeri afọ), na Phanerozoic.

Kriptozoy agụnye Archean (oge ochie ndụ), na Proterozoic (isi ndụ) oge.

Phanerozoic agụnye Paleozoic (oge ochie ndụ), Mesozoic (n'etiti ndụ) na Cenozoic (ndụ ọhụrụ) oge.

Ndị a 2 oge ndụ nwere ike kere n'ime nta - oge. Ókè n'etiti eras - a zuru ụwa ọnụ evolutionary omume ikpochapu. N'aka oge kewara oge, oge - na oge. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndụ na Earth bụ ozugbo yiri ka mgbanwe ndị na-Earth jikọrọ ọnụ na ụwa idụhe.

The oge nke mmepe, ngụda

The kasị dị ịrịba ama ihe omume kpebiri igbunye kpọmkwem oge etiti - oge. The oge bụ na agbara iji, si kasị ochie na ndụ ọhụrụ. E nwere 5 u:

1. Archean.
2. Proterozoic.
3. Paleozoic.
4. Mesozoic.
5. Cenozoic.

Oge nke ndụ na Earth

Paleozoic, Mesozoic na Cainozoe gụnyere oge mmepe. Nke a nta oge etiti oge, tụnyere eras.

Paleozoic Era:

• Cambrian (Cambrian).
• Ordovician.
• Silurian (Silurian).
• Devon (Devon).
• Kol (carbon).
• Perm (Perm).

Mesozoic Era:

• Triassic (Triassic).
• Jurassic (Jurassic).
• Nzu (whiting).

Cenozoic Era:

• Lower Tertiary (Paleogenic).
• Upper Tertiary (Neogen).
• Quaternary, ma ọ bụ anthropogenic (otito mmadụ na).

The mbụ 2 oge na-gụnyere ke tertiary oge nke 59 nde. Afọ.

Development nke ndu eme ntule

Isiokwu nke ndụ na Earth na-agụnye nkewa bụghị nanị na oge ụfọdụ, ma na ụfọdụ nkebi ke kpụworo ndụ ntule, na o kwere omume ihu igwe mgbanwe (ice afọ, okpomọkụ n'ụwa).

• Archean oge. The kasị dị ịrịba ama mgbanwe na na mmalite nke ndụ ntule - bụ ọdịdị nke-acha anụnụ anụnụ-green algae - prokaryotes ike amụba na photosynthesis, ntoputa nke multicellular ntule. Ọdịdị nke bi-edozi (heterotrophs) ike nke na-adọrọ etisasịwo organic bekee. N'ọdịnihu, ntoputa nke ndu eme ntule na-ekwe ka ha kee ụwa n'ime ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi.

• Proterozoic oge. Ntoputa nke otu-celled algae, annelid ikpuru, molluscs, mmiri coelenterates ikpuru. Ọdịdị nke mbụ chordates (lancelet). Ala guzobere emee gburugburu mmiri ozu.
• The Paleozoic Era.
• Cambrian oge. Development nke algae, mmiri invertebrates, mollusks.
• Ordovician. Trilobite carapace gbanwere wayo. Common cephalopods ogologo ma ọ bụ ubé curved shei. The mbụ vertebrates - ichthyoids jawless anụmanụ telodonty. Ibi ntule na-lekwasị na mmiri.
• Silurian. Development nke nkume kọral, trilobites. E nwere mbụ vertebrates. Mkpụrụ osisi na ala (psilophytes).
• Devonian oge. Ọdịdị nke azụ mbụ stegocephalia. Ntoputa nke dịkwa ka usoro ha. Development na ikpochapu psilophytes. Development na ala elu spore.
• Kol na Perm oge. Oge ochie juputara nākpu akpu, e nwere anụmanụ na-dị ka akpụ akpụ. Nwuchapu trilobites. Ikpochapu nke oké ọhịa nke Carboniferous oge. Development of gymnosperms, ferns.

• Mesozoic Era.

• Triassic oge. Nkesa nke osisi (gymnosperms). Ịba ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nākpu akpu. First mammals, azu ọkpụkpụ.
• Jurassic oge. Predominance gymnosperms, angiosperms anya. Ntoputa pervoptitsy agbawa okooko cephalopods.
• Cretaceous oge. Mgbasa nke angiosperms, Mbelata ọzọ osisi. Development of bụrụ naanị ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ azụ, mammals na nnụnụ.

• Cenozoic oge.
  • Lower Tertiary oge (Paleogenic). The heyday nke angiosperms. Mmepe nke ụmụ ahụhụ na mammalian mkpụrụ ndụ, ọdịdị nke lemurs, primates mgbe e mesịrị.
  • Upper Tertiary oge (Neogen). Formation nke oge a na osisi. Ntoputa nke mmadụ nna nna ya.
  • Quaternary (anthropogenic). Formation nke oge a na osisi na ụmụ anụmanụ. Ọdịdị nke a mmadụ.

Development ọnọdụ nke adịghị ndụ uwa, mgbanwoe

Isiokwu nke ndụ na Earth-apụghị okwu na-enweghị ndị data na mgbanwe nke na-adịghị ndụ na okike. Ntoputa na mmepe nke ndụ na Earth, a ọhụrụ umu osisi na anụmanụ niile a na-esonyere mgbanwe na-adịghị ndụ uwa, idụhe.

Climate mgbanwe: na Archean oge

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndụ na Earth malitere ala-adọ nke njupụta nke mmiri na ego. Relief agafe site na nta. Na ihe ikuku nke carbon dioxide predominates, kacha nta ego nke oxygen. Na-emighị emi mmiri nke ala salinity.

Maka Archaean oge ji agbọpụta ọkụ, àmụmà, nwa n'ígwé ojii. The nkume ndị ọgaranya na graphite.

Climate mgbanwe ke Proterozoic oge

Land - a nkume desert, ihe niile dị ndụ ntule ebi mmiri. Na ihe ikuku nke oxygen akwakọba.

Climate mgbanwe: Palaeozoic

Na iche iche oge nke Paleozoic oge na-esonụ mere mgbanwe ihu igwe :

• Cambrian oge. The ala ka na-gbahapụrụ. The idụhe bụ na-ekpo ọkụ.
• Ordovician. The kasị dị ịrịba ama mgbanwe - ya, idei mmiri jupụtara fọrọ nke nta niile dị n'ebe ugwu n'elu ikpo okwu.
• Silurian. Tectonic mgbanwe ọnọdụ nke adịghị ndụ agwa iche iche. Orogeny emee, oké osimiri merie ala. The n'ógbè dị iche iche climates, gụnyere ebe nke jụrụ.
• Devonian oge. Adịkwaghị akọrọ idụhe bụ continental. Education intermountain efere.
• Carboniferous oge. Ẹsụhọde kọntinent, ala mmiri. The ọkụ ma na iru mmiri ihu igwe, ikuku oxygen na a otutu carbon dioxide.
• Permian. Hot idụhe, volcanism, orogeny, ihicha ala mmiri.

Na oge nke Paleozoic Caledonia mpịachi ugwu kpụrụ. Mgbanwe ndị dị otú na odida obodo na-enwe mmetụta zuru ụwa ọnụ na oké osimiri - mmiri efere ebelata, kpụrụ a nnukwu ala ebe.

Palaeozoic butere fọrọ nke nta niile isi ubi nke mmanụ na coal.

Climate mgbanwe ke Mesozoic

N'ihi na dị iche iche nke Mesozoic ihu igwe e ji ndị na-esonụ atụmatụ:

• Triassic oge. Mgbawa ugwu ahụ, sharply continental idụhe, na-ekpo ọkụ.
• Jurassic oge. Soft na-ekpo ọkụ. Sea merie ala.
• Cretaceous oge. The ichighaazu nke oké osimiri si n'ala. The idụhe bụ na-ekpo ọkụ, ma na njedebe nke oge nke okpomọkụ n'ụwa na-anọchi a oyi snap.

Na Mesozoic ugwu usoro kpụrụ mbụ ebibi, na-ahapụ a mmiri nkịtị (West Siberia). Na nkera nke abụọ nke oge kpụrụ Cordillera ugwu nke Eastern Siberia, Indochina, akụkụ nke Tibet, kpụrụ ugwu nke Mesozoic ịkpakọba. Ukwuu n'ime ọkụ ma na iru mmiri ihu igwe, Ọrụ guzobere na peat bogs.

Climate mgbanwe - Cenozoic Era

The Cenozoic oge e a n'ozuzu mbuli-elu nke ụwa elu. The idụhe gbanwere. Ọtụtụ kpụkọrọ ụwa mkpuchite na-abịa site n'ebe ugwu gbanwere ihu nke kọntinent nke Northern Hemisphere. Rolling mbara ọzara a kpụrụ n'ihi mgbanwe ndị dị otú.

• Lower Tertiary oge. The nwayọọ idụhe. Nkewa n'ime atọ onodu ubochi zones. Formation nke kọntinent.
• Upper Tertiary oge. Akọrọ idụhe. The omume nke steppe, Savannah.
• Quaternary oge. Ugboro ugboro glaciation nke Ugwu Ụwa. jụrụ nke idụhe.

All mgbanwe n'oge mmepe nke ndụ na Earth nwere ike e dere n'ụdị nke tebụl na-egosipụta kasị dị ịrịba ama nkebi na mmepe nke ụwa nke oge a. N'agbanyeghị mara ụzọ nke nchoputa, na ugbu a ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-anọgide na-amụ akụkọ ihe mere eme, ka ọhụrụ nchoputa, na obodo ịmụta otú ịzụlite ndụ na Earth tupu ụmụ mmadụ.