Kazakhstan: na mweda nke tenge na aku na uba. Mweda na Kazakhstan: eziokwu, akụkọ ihe mere eme, amụma na ya pụta

KZT - mba ego nke Kazakhstan. Ọ ke ẹkenam ke November 1993, obere oge mgbe na-anata obodo si onwe. Kazakhstan, na mweda nke bụ nnọọ Ugboro, ọ ka na-atụle otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị ihe ịga nke ọma post-Soviet na-ekwu. A Ego usoro iwere dị ka a nlereanya na ndị ọzọ nche.

Aha na atụ

The mba ego nke Kazakhstan - ya tenge. Ọ aha mgbe obere Turkish mkpụrụ ego. Ọrịa dengue bu ọla-ọcha. Ha aha ewepụtara aha Russian mkpụrụ ego. Polkopeyki akpọ ego. Na November 2006, Kazakhstan, mweda nke biri otu ugboro ọzọ na-enwe a mpi na akara tenge. Nke 30 000 ọrụ họrọ otu ịbịaru. Ya ndị e Sanzher Amerhanov na Vadim Davydenko. N'ihi na ọlu-ya, ha natara otu nde tenge. N'okpuru ochie ọnụego nke banyere puku mmadụ asatọ na dollar. The ego ugwo, na National Bank of Kazakhstan. Ọzọ ise puku dollar nyere ndị mmeri azụmahịa gbasara ego obodo n'otu "Alliance". Otú ọ dị, ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu asịrị bilitere ke n'akwụkwọ nke na-arụ ọrụ. Ọ tụgharịrị na picture ọ dị iche iche site na uma nke nzi ozi ozi na Japan. Ọ ama ihe karịrị 120 afọ!

nchịkọta

Iji zaa ajụjụ na otú ịzụlite Kazakhstan, ọ bụrụ na mweda tenge ga-abụ, otu ga-akpa na-amụta otú e si hazi na steeti a. Tenge ẹkenam mgbe e mesịrị, ọtụtụ ndị ọhụrụ na mba ego nke post-Soviet ohere. Na 1991, e kere a ìgwè nke ndị na-emepụta ike ndetu. Ọ bụ naanị na November 1993, a president iwu na iwebata ya mba ego. Ná mmalite, na ọnụego nke tenge na Soviet ruble bụ hà 1 500. Na 1995, nke factory n'ihi na mmepụta nke banknotes e meghere na Kazakhstan. Tupu na, mkpụrụ ego na-minted na Germany, na-ekwu na - na UK. Mgbe ahụ a bụ na-ama kpọmkwem aku onwe ya Kazakhstan.

History of nsogbu

The mweda mere na April 1999. National Bank belatara ọnụego nke mba ego site 64%. The abụọ nsogbu mere na 10 afọ. Kazakhstan devalued, nke abụọ na a n'usoro. na dollar bilie 25 tenge. Na 2014, e nwere a atọ mweda nke tenge na Kazakhstan. Rate nke mba ego ebelata otu-na-ise, ma ọ bụ 20%. Ma nke a nwetụrụ bụ ezughị. N'oge okpomọkụ nke 2015 bụ ihe ikpeazụ mweda na Kazakhstan. Ọ tenge depreciated site karịrị 35%. Na November nke otu afọ e a ụgwọ mgbasa iche nke 20,000.

National aku na uba: Basic Ozi

Kazakhstan aku na uba bụ ndị kasị ibu Central Asia. The bụbu Soviet Union bụ nke abụọ naanị Russia. Mgbe 2010, Kazakhstan, na mweda nke mbụ a rụrụ a afọ, bụ ifịk so na Customs Union EAEC. GDP kwa n'isi n'isi na ịzụta ike parity dịrị 24 puku US dollar. Na 2014, na uto nke a na-egosi bụ 4.3%. The ọdụm òkè nke GDP enye a olu akwa (57%) na ụlọ ọrụ (38%). Isi alaka - ọ bụ mmanụ na gas, uranium, coal, ferrous na-abụghị ferrous ọla; n'ibu injinịa; ewu; nri akuku. Ebupụ na 2013 dịrị 83 ijeri US dollar. Ya isi isiokwu - ọ bụ mmanụ na-eji ya emepụta. Ọ bụ ya mere na 2015 arụ ọrụ a obere na-abawanye na GDP. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ekwu banyere mweda na Kazakhstan, dobe ke mmanụ ahịa nwere ike ịbụ isi ihe mere maka ya ọzọ gburugburu. State oru bụ 12% nke oké ụlọ ngwaahịa.

Ahịa mgbe mweda na Kazakhstan

Ntoputa nke nsogbu na aku na uba mgbe na-eduga a ọnụ na olu nke na-ewu n'ọrụ ndị mmadụ dara, nke na-ebelata ha ịzụta ike. Nke a na-eduga ná eziokwu na ezigbo ala na ụlọ ahịa na Kazakhstan mgbe mweda-ada ada n'ike n'ike. Mgbe oruru nke a ese n'elu mmiri ọnụego mgbanwe nke tenge n'oge okpomọkụ nke 2015 na-eri nke ụlọ na-ebelata site na 10%. All ndị ọkachamara na-esi ọnwụ na otu ihe: steeti ga na-enyemaka omume ọha na eze. Ina ga-akpali ndị ọkọnọ. Ma na a na nsogbu ka ike a ọnọdụ nwere ike nanị ala aka.

Nkọwa nke ihe

Iji ụbọchị, mba osobo anọ nkebi nke nsogbu. The mbụ mweda tenge na Kazakhstan mere na April 1999. Ọ devalued ego site karịa 60%. The abụọ mweda mere na 2009. National Bank si management adịghị eji ụzọ dị iche iche nke ịnọgide na-enwe ego. Ndokwa kpebiri na-, na ọnụego mgbanwe ime mgbanwe. The atọ mweda chọpụtara na February 2014. Ọ mere na megide ndabere nke a nkọ na-awụlikwa elu na dollar na euro tụnyere mba ego nke post-Soviet mba. Na Kazakhstan paseji fluctuations tenge e setịpụrụ (185 +/- 3 n'ihi na $ 1). The ndị na-emechu ihu na mkpebi a. Tupu afọ a, ndị ọchịchị na-National Bank mere ka mgbalị nile iji mee ka ndị na mweda ga eme eme. Mgbe ọzọ gburugburu nke ego depreciation kwụsịtụrụ ọrụ ha exchangers na ọtụtụ online echekwa. ngagharị iwe n'ihu National Bank malitere, na online na-arịọ na-anakọta signatures na ihu ọma nke Nazarbayev si arụkwaghịm si onyeisi oche. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ndị na njide nke ọtụtụ iri na abuo protesters niile ụtọ ngwa ngwa biri.

Will mweda na Kazakhstan

N'ihi na oge ụfọdụ mgbe rally oyi nke 2014 niile bụ jụụ. Otú ọ dị, na August 2015, e nwere a ọhụrụ ogbo mweda. The National Bank of Kazakhstan tenge tọhapụrụ ise n'elu kpam kpam. Isi ihe mere maka mkpa nke a nzọụkwụ - ọdịda nke ruble. Kazakh Prime Minister kwuru na-aga na-iji na ịnọgide na-enwe na ụlọ ọrụ. New ahịa ọnụego mgbanwe nke tenge, dị ka ya, ga-ike ọnọdụ maka mweghachi nke aku n'uba site na mbenata onu oriri na-eke ihe ọrụ. Ma ma mweda ga-anọgide na Kazakhstan? Prediction dị mwute ikwu na-egosi ihe na-akụda. GDP ibu na-atụ anya ruo 1.3% na 2016, nke bụ 5 ugboro obere karịa nkezi larịị ke 5 afọ.

mba ọzọ ụgwọ

Mgbe ida nke USSR, Russia emewo onwe ya ọrụ iji kwụọ mpụga ụgwọ. Mba ndị ọzọ nwere ohere na-amalite site ọkọ. Otú ọ dị, na March 2011 Kazakhstan ụgwọ dịrị 124 ijeri US dollar. About 6% nke ego - nke a bụ obodo ego. Ná ngwụsị nke 2008, kwuru ụgwọ banyere 112 ijeri ugbu a, ọ toro -. 150 ijeri US dollar. Nke a pụtara na ọ bụla nwa amaala (gụnyere ụmụ ọhụrụ) ajụjụ maka $ 8761 a mba ọzọ ego.

ego usoro

Na 1998, Kazakhstan ọma gafere ego mgbanwe. The National Fund e guzobere iji hụ na ububo mmepe. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya - iji belata na nduzi nke ala na mpụga ihe. 38 anoghi n'ulo oba na-arụ ọrụ ná mba ahụ. State akụ na-lekwasị ke nketa "Samruk-Kazyna". Ọ na-akwado oru, na-azụ ahịa, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, ha akụ na ike enyemaka. N'oge okpomọkụ nke 2015, ndị ọchịchị kpebiri ịhapụ ego mmachi tenge wee gaa na-a iwu nke onu oriri ezubere iche. President Nursultan Nazarbayev kwuru na ya ga na-agbalị iji chefuo ọnwụ nke eke bụ ndị na-nwe nke ego site ego lekwasịrị "Zhilstroysberbank". The ikpeazụ ahịhịa maka aku na uba nke Kazakhstan bụ idem emem nke yuan. Ụlọ ọrụ gọọmenti ogologo tụgharịrị uche mkpa akawanye ọnụego mgbanwe nke tenge iji mee. Otú ọ dị, na August 2015, e kpebiri ịkwaga a ese n'elu mmiri ọnụego. Ọ na-emetụta ya na a n'ihu dobe mmanụ. Deflationary na-atụ anya na mba ahụ bụ ka nnọọ elu, ma obi ụtọ abụghị ma. Nnyocha na-ekwu na ndị mmadụ buru ego, na ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ kwụsịtụrụ ha eme. Nursultan Nazarbayev kwuru na onu oriri ezubere iche - bụ a dị mkpa ụfọdụ, ma uzo ozo nwere.

The esi nke na-ego nsogbu afọ 2007-2010

Of niile mba nke Central Asia, anyị na-atụle na steeti kasị ike n'ime mba aku mmekọahụ. Ya mere, na zuru ụwa ọnụ ego nsogbu, na ihe kasị echiche ebe a. Ke adianade do, Kazakhstan ebupụ ngwaọrụ. Ọ bụ ukwuu dabere na price nke mmanụ na-eji ya emepụta na ụwa ahịa. Underdevelopment nke ngwaahịa ahịa na mba emewo ka a ọgọ na ihe onwunwe ahịa. Mgbe ego afụ wupu, n'agbanyeghị amụma nke na-eduga omenala Kazakhstani ọkachamara.

ahia oru

Traditional mmekọ nke Kazakhstan - CIS na Baltic mba. Ha ajụjụ maka n'elu 60% nke na-ebupụ na bubata. Na 2013, ndị si mba ọzọ ahia dịrị 132 ijeri US dollar. Isi ibe - na Russian Federation. Na ya Kazakhstan mbụk uko ekwenye agbatị. Si mba ọzọ isi mmekọ nke State ndị dị otú ahụ ná mba: UK, Germany, Italy, Turkey, USA, Czech Republic, Switzerland, na Republic of Korea. Kazakhstan na-agbalị diversify ya agbatị. The ala bụ isi onye nke India na Central Asia. Na-eto eto ahia na Russian Federation. N'ime afọ 20 nke onwe, na ọ ka toro ihe karịa ugboro abụọ. Ebe ọ bụ na July 2011, ọ malitere iji rụọ Customs Union of Kazakhstan, Russia na Belarus. Ndị ọkachamara na-ekwu na nke a mwekota mkpakọrịta nwere ike inye ihe mmezi 15% na GDP.

mbupụ ruru

Mkpokọta uru nke ngwaahịa exported si mba - 82,5 ijeri US dollar. Isi mbupụ ụlọ ọrụ - bụ na Ngwuputa, mmanụ ụgbọala, Metallurgical na chemical ọrụ. Na Ọdịdị-enwe feedstock. Ọ bụ ya mere na ọ bụ nke na-ejighị n'aka na aku na uba nke Kazakhstan. Mmanụ na-eji ya emepụta mejupụtara 35% of mbupụ, nonferrous na ferrous ọla - 33%, ore - 12%, ọka - 9%.

bubata

Kazakhstan Mbubata n'ime ya n'ókèala nke ngwaọrụ, ngwá, ugbo ala, ịnweta fuels na nri na ngwaahịa. Mgbe 2002, ibubata na-eto eto, karịsịa nke okokụre ngwaahịa.

iga

Kazakhstan nwere a mma obodo ebe. N'ihi ya, ọ dị mma iga ike na mpaghara nke n'ụzọ nke ngwongwo. Na 2007, Kazakhstan malitere na-ewu nke a nkwonkwo ịmalite na Russian ọwa "Eurasia", nke e kwesịrị jikọọ Caspian Sea na Azov oké osimiri. Na ikpe nke Kazakhstan ngo na-erite uru budata. Ọ na-akawanye ohere mba oké osimiri na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri.

Nchoputa

Tenge bụ ihe kasị devalued mba ego nke Europe. Dị ka atụmatụ nke economists, ọ devalued fọrọ nke nta 2 ugboro (85.2%). Nke a bụ tumadi ruru ka mpụga ihe, na nke na steeti ike omume imetụta. Ma ugbu a, ọnọdụ a na-emetụta Mbelata mpịakọta nke Kazakhstan si ụlọ ọrụ. Nsogbu na aku na uba na-akpalite a ọnụ ke ekele nke yuan na ruble, nakwa dị ka a nkọ iju ke mmanụ ahịa. N'oge, na National Bank of Kazakhstan tenge tọhapụrụ ise n'elu kpam kpam. Bụ ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ a ezu ga-azọpụta oge.

Otú ọ dị, na-atụ anya nke Kazakh ọchịchị, na ọnọdụ akụ na ụba bụ na o yiri ịzụlite a na-adịghị mma dịruru ná njọ. The Prime Minister ume ọchụ ntá ego na ọbụna nkịtị amalite imeghari ka ọnọdụ ọhụrụ. Na-esote afọ ise, ndị isi isiokwu nke Kazakhstan si ebupụ (mmanụ, nakwa dị ka na Russian Federation) ga-ẹkenịmde ke abụọ larịị - banyere 30-50 US dollar kwa gbọmgbọm. The ala kwesịrị pụọ akụrụngwa nghazi nke ahia. Ọ na-ese ihe ezi uche mmepe nke IT oru. Ọzọkwa, e nwere ezigbo ohere maka mmepe nke n'ibu injinịa. Ọ bụrụ na ndị ọchịchị chọrọ ịzụlite dynamically, mgbe ahụ, o kwesịrị pụọ na "mmanụ agịga". Ma ọ bụghị ya, Kazakhstan, na mweda nke esesịn a hụrụ ugboro anọ, ọ ga-amanye iweda ya ego n'ọdịnihu.