Kirov Sergey Mironovich: biography, ezinụlọ, fun eziokwu

Ònye bụ Kirov Sergey Mironovich? The biography nwoke a bụ ihe jupụtara dị otú ahụ ihe, nke mere eme na-eme ka o kwe omume na-etinye ya na a pụrụ iche n'etiti ndị ndú nke party idu ndú nke Soviet oge. Ọbụna ọnwụ ya na-asị na maka mmalite nke oké njọ ihe ndị na-ekwu na ndụ ndị ọzọ karịrị iri na abụọ aka ha dị ọcha.

Kirov Sergey Mironovich: biography nke-eto eto revolutionary

S. M. Kirov mụrụ 27 on March 1886 na Urzhum (a obodo na ndị Vyatka ógbè) na ndị ezinụlọ dị mfe ọrụ. Nwa ahụ bụ naanị afọ asatọ mgbe ọ na-ekpe na-enweghị nne na nna: mama m nwụrụ, papa m, ọ gara na-arụ ọrụ, okụrede enweghị a Chọpụta. Ma ọ bụrụ na ụmụnna nwanyị were Sergei na nne nne ya, mgbe ahụ, ọ na-zitere a ndo umuaka. Site n'ụzọ, mgbe aha a ga-eme n'ọdịnihu na otu onye ndú bụ Kostrikov. Kirov, ọ ghọrọ ihe e mesịrị. Ma mbụ ihe mbụ.

Sergey ros smart na-arụsi ọrụ ike na nwa, ọmụmụ maka ọ na-adịghị ike ọ bụla nsogbu. Na ịga nke ọma nke na-agụsị n'ụlọ ya parish Urzhum mbụ, mgbe ahụ, obodo akwụkwọ, nwa na-enweghị, kpọọrọ ndụmọdụ nke ndị nkụzi ha, je-Kazan, ebe ọ banyere arụzi na mmezi promuchilische na na 1904 ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ brilliantly, isonyere ise kacha mma na-agụsị akwụkwọ.

N'otu afọ Kostrikov kwagara Tomsk na okụt a ọrụ dị ka a draftsman n'obodo kansul, ke ukem-azụ na preparatory ọmụmụ Institute of Technology. Ma zubere udo n'ọdịnihu emezu e fated.

Sergey, jupụtara na revolutionary echiche ka na Kazan, kwagara Tomsk, dị ka anya dị ka o kwere na-aghọ ifịk so na RSDLP, ndị Party pseudonym Serge. Na 1905 enye ama jidere maka ikere òkè na ihe ngosi, ma n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ọ nọgideghịkwa ogologo. Mgbe ntọhapụ nke ọzọ party ogbako, ọ hoputara na kọmitii nke Tomsk RSDLP. Ọ na-aghọ ndị nhazi nke mgbochi ọchịchị demonstrations na rallies, akpụ ọgụ squads. N'ihi ya, Sergei Kostrikova ọzọ jidere 1906. N'oge a, ọ na-mkpọrọ ruo afọ isii.

Ọ e meriri, ma ọ bụghị agbajikwa

Na June 1908, SM Kostrikov si mkpọrọ, nke, dị ka na-atụ anya, nwere ịgbanwe echiche ya na revolutionary ije. Otú ọ dị, nke a adịghị eme. Mgbe ahapụ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ọ na-aga na Irkutsk, ebe mgbe mweghachi nke party nzukọ, fọrọ nke nta ebibi ndị uwe ojii, otu ugboro ọzọ na-amalite na-arụ ọrụ ifịk ifịk na a revolutionary direction ma na obodo na na Novonikolaevsk (ugbu a Novosibirsk). Na May 1909 Serge, agagharị n'ebe uwe ojii mkpagbu, a manyere ịhapụ ndịda nke mba.

Na-arụ ọrụ na North Caucasus

Na Vladikavkaz, ọ arụ ọrụ anya na ndị obodo Cadet akwụkwọ akụkọ "Terek", dee isiokwu na ahụmahụ nwetara n'oge nrigo "Elbrus" na "Kazbek", na-ahapụ a nyochaa nke na-agba ọsọ na obodo nkiri. Ebe o zutere ya ga-eme n'ọdịnihu nwunye nke abụọ Maria Lvovna obodo Marcus.

Ke mbubreyo n'oge okpomọkụ 1911 Kostrikova ọzọ jidere ochie ikpe me ọzọ na Tomsk. E boro ya ebubo na-ahazi ihe n'okpuru ala ígwè obibi akwụkwọ, ma ikpe mara ya na ọ dịghị mgbe pụtara. Kostrikov na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na "Terek", ma otu ugboro ọzọ na-ịdọrọ uche gaa n'onwe ya, na-ewe utu aha na Kirov, onye na-kweere na a kpụrụ na aha eze Peasia - Cyrus. Site na nke a mgbe na biography Kirova Sergeya Mironovicha ọ bụla pụrụ iche na-adịghị na-anọchi anya. Ọ bụ ezie na isiokwu dere site ya na mgbe damning ndị ọchịchị, dị nnọọ ewu ewu n'etiti ndị mmegide kpọrọ ndị mmadụ.

Party ọrụ na Civil War

Ruo mgbe mgbanwe (1917), S. M. Kirov karịsịa bụghị-egosipụta onwe, na n'oge nke kuu, ọ bụghị n'etiti ndị na-kpọrọ emetụta ọnọdụ na mba. Next awụlikwa elu party biography Sergeya Mironovicha Kirova mere naanị n'afọ 1919: a họpụtara isi nke Revolutinary Committee nke Astrakhan. Site na oge, ọ bụ nnọọ ngwa ngwa nrigo elu na ọrụ n'ọkwá.

Ozugbo n'okpuru ya kpọmkwem na-edu ndú na-eguzosi ewute counter-revolutionary nnupụisi Astrakhan, gbara edikan, e gburu na Bishọp Mitrofan Bishop Leonty, Kirov ghọrọ onye òtù nke Revolutinary Military Council nke iri na otu Red Army. Ebe ọ bụ na mmalite nke 1919 Sergey Myronovych na Ordzhonikidze edu mmalite nke ha nkeji na North na South Caucasus: March 30 e Vladikavkaz, na a ọnwa gasịrị (May 1) - Baku.

Ná ngwụsị nke May 1920 Kirov họpụtara nyere ikike nnọchiteanya na Georgia, ebe ndị ọchịchị ka so Mensheviks. Ná mmalite nke October nke otu afọ Sergei Myronovych gawa ndị Soviet mbon ejegharị ejegharị na-Riga maka ịbanye a udo nkwekorita na okporo osisi, na mgbe ahụ na-alaghachikwuru North Caucasus, ebe Kọkeshịan enyekwara n'ohu ahụ RCP (b). Na March 1921, dị ka a bịara mgbakọ na Iri Congress nke RCP (b), Kirov e mma ọzọ so na etiti otu nke ọzọ.

Na April 1921, Sergey Myronovych elekọta nzuko nke Mountain ASSR (ugbu a na North Osisha). Na na July otu afọ ọ hoputara odeakwụkwọ TSKKP Azerbaijan. Ọ-adịghị anya wee otu n'ime founders nke Transcaucasian SFSR (December 1922). Na April 1923, ndị bịara mgbakọ nke iri na abụọ bụ Congress nke RCP (b)-akụkụ na Kirov TSKRKP (b). The isi nke Communist Party nke Azerbaijan S. M. Kirov bụ ọmịiko Stalin, n'agbanyeghị na, n'eziokwu, nọgidere a obere ọnụ ọgụgụ na party hierarchy. Ọ na-atụle ihe upstart, o na-achọ ogide elu ma n'otu oge ahụ a n'ezie onyinye nke na-eru n'obi, magburu onwe azụmahịa acumen, ma nwekwara a aha maka magburu onwe oru na-eguzosi ike n'ihe enyere Devid aka.

Kirov na Leningrad

Ezi àgwà nke Stalin na Kirov anya rụpụtara ya nhọpụta dị ka isi nke otu nzukọ na Leningrad. Ya isi Ebumnobi ya bụ nwere efu mmetụta na Leningrad Kọmunist bụbu isi nke obodo party Grigory Zinoviev - na iyi onye iro nke Stalin. Na Kirov ịga nke ọma, n'agbanyeghị na ya, ọbụna na-agbalị iji ihe nkwado na Cadet akwụkwọ akụkọ. Sergey Myronovych bụghị nanị enweta akara n'elu party nzukọ nke obodo, ma ghọrọ onye nwe nke fọrọ nke nta Leningrad, ịchịkwa dị nnọọ banyere ihe ọ bụla na ọbụna idozi ụlọ na anụ ụlọ okwu. Ọganihu na management nke obodo na ọgwụgwụ mere ka ọ a isi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọnụ ọgụgụ.

Otú ọ dị, e nwere ihe na-akpali eziokwu - Kirov Sergey Mironovich, ezie, na ike ruo eru maka a elu nke ike na mba, karịsịa mgbe ọ ghọrọ otu nke Politburo TSKVKP (b) bụghị iji ya, na kpamkpam elegide anya nanị ihe nke Leningrad. Nke a na-egosi na nke mbụ Kirov bụ nnọọ egosi achọghị ọdịmma onwe-arụ ọrụ, kama ewu a ọrụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-akwado iwu chua site Stalin, na eziokwu na-ona. N'ihi Iosifa Vissarionovicha, ọ bụ ihe ọma, na ọtụtụ ihe, a pụrụ ịdabere na support enweghị "nkume n'obi ya."

Ma ezinụlọ ya na-arụ ọrụ

Ọ bụrụ na ọha mmadụ na-niile bụ nke ọma, nke ndụ onwe onye Kirova Sergeya Mironovicha emeghị iputa. Na 1920, o zutere nwunye ya mbụ (dịghị data na-nọ na ya). A afọ mgbe e mesịrị, ha nwere a obere nwa - Eugene. Ma ọdachi dakwasịrị - Kirov nwunye dara oké ọrịa na nwụrụ ozugbo.

Na-na nwa party isi enweghị oge - ọrụ ná ndụ ya, were oge niile, na Eugene Sergeevne Kostrikova nwere ikwugharị akara aka nke umu-ya na nna - gaa bi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. Nke a mere mgbe nne ya na nna kpebiri ejikọta ndụ ha na andikabuana enyi nwanyị - Maria Lvovna Marcus. The nwaanyị flatly jụrụ ịnakwere onye ọzọ nwa. N'ihi ya, Kirova Sergeya Mironovicha mbụ ezinụlọ osụhọ kpamkpam, na nke abụọ ọkwa oku bụ nnọọ ike, dị ka e nwere nanị Largus Kirov ukwu na ụmụaka, ọ bụghị nyere nwa.

Site n'ụzọ, Evgeniya Sergeevna Kostrikova bụ kwesiri nwa-nwayi nna-ya - Kirova Sergeya Mironovicha. Nti eziokwu si ya biography bụ àmà doro anya nke eziokwu. N'oge agha na Nazi Germany, ọ bụ naanị mgbe ndị inyom na ọchịagha, dum tank ụlọ ọrụ bụ na onye iwu.

Ọ e gburu Kirov Sergey Mironovich?

Ọ na-kweere na ndị inyom Kirov adịghị ike. E nwere ndị asịrị banyere ya ọtụtụ romances na ama-eme ihe nkiri na Leningrad Bolshoi. Otú ọ dị, ozi ahụ iji gosi na nke a, ahụghị. Ee, na o kwere omume a kwatara n'iko Kirov Sergei Mironavich onwe ya na-alụghị na-ekwu na ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ na-egosi na e nwere. Otú ọ dị, otu version ejikọ ọnwụ ya a ịhụnanya na-eme. Dị ka nke a ọtụtụ ndị chere, na Kirov m nwere a anaghị adịte aka omume na ebù Draule - onye na-arụ nke na mpaghara kọmitii. Di ya, Leonid Nikolaev, ọ mụtara banyere ya, o kpebiri iji taa ndị iro, na-egbu ya.

E nwere ihe ọzọ version, nke Nicholas, ịbụ nwoke nke ekwesịghị na ikwubiga okwu ókè ambitions, kpebiri mere ka a ma ama na-aga na akụkọ ihe mere eme, dị ka egbu nke Alexander II. Dị ka ya ma ọ bụ - na-amaghị, ma na o nye iwu ọnwụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ a ma ama na party ọgụgụ - na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha eziokwu. Mgbe ọha oru nwere oké njọ nchedo, n'ihi ya, ọ dị mfe Nikolayev, burugodị na a egbe, na-esi na Smolny, ebe ahụ odude na City Party Committee. Kirov zutere na nnukwu ọnụ ụlọ nke n'obí aga ya n'azu, Nikolaev gbara ya n'isi, mgbe nke ọ nwara igbu onwe, ma na-enweghị ike, na-ada mbà.

Kirov si mgbu mmadu ka a pretext maka ada

Mgbe njide na ajụjụ ọnụ nke Nikolaev series, ọ bịara doo anya na nchọpụta na nke na-egbu mere naanị, na ọ dịghị ọchịchị n'obi na mpụ na-adịghị. Ma Stalin anabataghị ụdị ihe ahụ, "ndị ya" - a elu-ogo ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na-enweghị na-anwụ anwụ mere nzuzu, ya mere, ọnwụ ya nwere ike ji mee gị uru. Iji mee nke a, ọ dị nnọọ kwesịrị e osụk ka ndị ọrụ na gburugburu ebe obibi nke mmegide.

Na njedebe, mgbe a na usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Filiks nke 17 ndị mmadụ gbara, 80 gara mkpọrọ, 30 - na njikọ. Ọtụtụ puku ndị mmadụ na-zitere site na Leningrad ka unreliable. Site n'ụzọ, na-firing squad bụghị naanị Nikolaev, ma nwunye ya (n'onwa ekaufọk nke Kirov) Milda Draule.

Tribute na Kirov

Ọkụ ọchịagha nke mgbanwe, bụ kpamkpam lara ndị Party na mba, ọ bụghị naanị ụtọ elu ugwu n'etiti ndị mmadụ, ọ na n'ezie hụrụ n'anya na-asọpụrụ na Soviet Union. Na nsọpụrụ nke obodo-ya Vyatka e renamed na Kirov (1934), na Sergeyu Mironovichu Kirovu ncheta nwere ike dị na ọtụtụ akụkụ nke mba ahụ. Lie "onyeisi nke Leningrad" nso Kremlin mgbidi Red Square na Moscow.