Konstantin Aksakov: biography, eme ihe na-akpali eziokwu

Nke a afọ n'egosi 200 afọ kemgbe ọmụmụ nke pụtara ìhè Russian ọkà ihe ọmụma, na-ede, na-ede uri na asụsụ. Konstantin Aksakov dịrị ndụ nanị afọ 43.

Ọ bụ onye a ma ama na ije nke Russian Slavophiles malite - n'etiti XIX narị afọ. Echiche ya entailing ndokwa nke ikike nke ime obodo na obodo, ndị na-aga n'ihu n'ihi na ya oge, ekochiela ihu serfdom. Si nna nna ya, General Suvorov, Konstantin ketara àgwà: ịhụ mba n'anya na ịnụ ọkụ n'obi.

Nwata, na-eto eto

Rhode Aksakovs rịdata si Varangian, jere ozi Kiev-isi. Ọbụna tupu Petrine Russia e nwere ma ama, "Ọkaakaa ndị mmadụ." 29.03.1817 n'ime obodo nke Aksakovo, Orenburg Province mụrụ Konstantin Aksakov. Biography nke ya na nwata na-ejikọta ya na ala na ụlọ nna ya, Sergei Kalashnikov, onye edemede na-ede akwụkwọ nkatọ. Site pen nke nne na nna we ebube akụkọ "obodo snuffbox", "The Acha uhie uhie Flower". Constantine bụ nwanne Jọn, nwanne Faith, ha bụ ndị enyi ya na onye ọ bụla ọzọ.

Aksakov ezinụlọ n'ụlọ agbasoghị ochie Russian omenala. Constantine a zụlitere a spirit nke ile ọbịa na izugbe ndụ. Na 1826 m Aksakovs kwagara Moscow.

studentship

Konstantin Aksakov natara ya abụọ muta na a ebi ebi ụlọ Pogodin. Ọbụna dị ka a na-eto eto, o gosiri ya akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ maka ihe ọmụma na-ede akwụkwọ talent. The nwa okorobịa bụ Idealist, a nwoke impractical na nemerkantilnyh. Iri na ise, ọ banyere ọnụ ngalaba nke Moscow University, na Department professors Pobedonostsev, Nadezhdin.

N'oge ọ na-amụrụ afọ, ọdịnihu edemede Vissarion Belinsky, Ivan Turgenev, Vasiliem Bakuninym, Vasiliem Botkinym wee akụkụ ke gburugburu nke German nkà ihe ọmụma nke onye dere Stankevich, mgbe ahụ, - na a ọha mmadụ na Slavophiles Samarin, Khomyakov. The ikuku nke nzukọ ndị a Ivan Turgenev egosipụta na nchụàjà "Rudin". Na-eto eto sogbuo ikuku àkù pseudo-ịhụ mba n'anya, ha na-achọ na nkà ihe ọmụma nke mfe na ezi obi. Onwe ya site na mahadum, na ruo mgbe ikpeazụ Aksakov akpọ "Slavophile na a Hegelian."

Nwe tesis Stanislavski bụ a na-amụ na University na saịtị na Russian akwụkwọ. Nnyocha Committee ruo ogologo oge na-na-anabata ya, na-amanye ụmụ akwụkwọ na-eme mgbanwe. Site a-eto eto afọ na novice nkatọ malitere inwe nsogbu na ukara nnyocha. Ịjụ ajụjụ gbasara nyocha obi Aksakov e kpọrọ ihe nke ukwuu, ọ na-awa agụmakwụkwọ ọrụ Kiev. Otú ọ dị, na-ahapụ Moscow nwa okorobịa ahụ na-aga.

uri

Aksakov Konstantin mbụ poems e bipụtara na "Notes nke nna", "teliskop", "Moscow hụrụ". Poetry Aksakova akọ ideals Ihunanya pụta ụwa Goethe, ọ Ekwughị dịkọrọ ndụ ya lightness na ụda olu ruru iche si derzhavopoklonnyh od.

Ya na-agụ akwụkwọ kwesịrị ncheta oyiyi nke Russian ọdịdị, nkà ihe ọmụma gburugburu, ngosipụta nke mmadụ mmetụta.

Mgbe ọkara otu narị afọ na-ede uri Fet na Tyutchev anọgide isiokwu naturalistic uri, nke tọrọ ntọala Konstantin Aksakov. Ya poems - "Creek," "Elegy", "Duma", "égbè eluigwe", "Winter na-abịa" - n'out oge magburu na mfe. The na-ede uri bụ ike ekikere dee banyere ala ya, na ịhụnanya. Na ya poems e a mma ulo oru ubi mmasi nke Russian okike. Ezi obi na mfe ya uri "A.V.G.", "na-arịa ọrịa obi".

Mgbe e mesịrị P. I. Chaykovsky dere music n'ihi na otu onye nke ya poems gbanwere. The pụta bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ewu ewu na XIX narị afọ ụmụ songs.

prose Aksakov

Akwụkwọ akụkọ na akụkọ ndị dị mkpirikpi site Konstantin Aksakov dere na mmụọ nke na romanticism na na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha talent. Arụ ọrụ na ha, Slavophil tụgharịa na nkà ihe ọmụma, na uri. Ka ihe atụ, na akụkọ "Hyles" o kere sere nke Ikpe Ikpeazụ na onye ahụ nwụrụ anwụ ezigbo kwesịrị mmadụ, bụghị onye aṅụrụma, ma oriri oké mkpọtụ.

Nti maka ya nkà tụụrụ ime nchụàjà "Cloud". Na ya, mbụ anyị matakwuo na ndị soulful na dreamy okoro Lothar Gryunenfeldom eduzi oge ntule nke okike. O na-egosi na onye na-agụ a nwa okorobịa, ọ bụghị otú na-enweghị mmehie. Lothar echefu otú ahụ ihe ọma na ndị ọzọ, enweghị mmasị emetụta ya uche ziri ezi. Ma mgbe ná ndụ ya zutere a girl, dara na ịhụnanya na ya, ihe niile elu elu dị ka ọ na-asa na-egbuke egbuke na nwata na-echeta nke mmụọ nsọ dee ọdịdị nke elu doro anya na mbara igwe na ígwé ojii.

ide ejije

Na 40s, Konstantin Aksakov kere ọtụtụ ọrụ maka nkiri. Dị Ịrịba Ama ọrụ nke Stanislavski dere n'okpuru pseudonym Evripidin, gụnyere "Prince Lupovitsky", "Ntọhapụ nke Moscow", "mail nchịkwa".

Na ihe nkiri bụ "ntọhapụ nke Moscow" Konstantin Sergeyevich gosiri isi ọrụ nke ndị mmadụ na ntọhapụ nke ndị isi obodo si Polish mwakpo. Nke a ntem iwu ozugbo premiere na Maly Ụlọ ihe nkiri. Otú ọ dị, na-ede Aksakov bụ mediocre, ya ejije ndị dị iche iche ada, ha akụziri emerighị nkà. na ha abụghị ndị karịsịa na-ewu ewu na ọha na eze.

edemede nnyocha

Ubi nke edemede nnyocha kemgbe ihe ịga nke ọma maka Aksakov. Stanislavski dere na kpaliri ya dịkọrọ ndụ - gụrụ akwụkwọ Russian ndị mmadụ. Ọ bipụtara otu akwụkwọ nta na uri site N. V. Gogolya "Nwụrụ Anwụ Mkpụrụ Obi", ebe o dere ihe The Epic ọrụ, n'ịbụ eziokwu nke image ya landlords emetụta akparamàgwà Nozdryov, Manilow, Sobakevich. Otú ọ dị, ihe ndị kasị mkpa na uri Nikolaya Vasilevicha Aksakov kwere "Russian agwa", "mmụọ na onyinyo nke ukwuu, ndị dike ohere." O kwukwara banyere ihe ịtụnanya nka ike na metaphorical image of Gogol ebighiebi Russian songs, nke n'akwụsịghị akwụsị, mgbe niile na-efe n'elu nnukwu ike, i nwere ike ịnụ ya na otu ebe ma ọ bụ nke ọzọ.

Aksakov "Moskovityanin" magazine disputiroval na Vissarion Belinsky nke otu ngwaahịa nke Nikolai. Ya counterpart chere adịghị ike na-arụ ọrụ "Gogol agbali na-ewetara a mba amụma," na lyricism nke uri na-akpọ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị. Stanislavski onye na-ewu ewu echiche ka mgbe niile mbụ ihe ike ịgbachi nkịtị na ọnọdụ a.

N'ihi na orú arọ na iri, Konstantin Aksakov bipụtara a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ọzọ edemede isiokwu "Moscow collection".

akụkọ ihe mere eme oru ndi

Na 1847-1852 gg. si ya pen na a nyochaa nke ìhè na "History of Russia" Prọfesọ S. M. Soloveva. Ha na-echegbu onwe àgwà ka akara aka nke motherland dị ka a dị ndụ na ebe nchekwa, onye-ozi nke ochie, onye nkụzi nke ndụ. Nonfiction Aksakov ukwuu kwuru "History" na ha amụwo na ọha na eze na ụlọ akwụkwọ n'otu oge ahụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na ya n'isiokwu nke anyị akụkọ dike popularize Prọfesọ Soloviev, n'ụdị uri, o nwere a enyi na enyi naachị ha ọchị na ya:

Ideologist nke ije slavophiles

Moscow House Aksakov na njedebe nke 40s a maara dị ka a edemede Ụlọ Mmanya, nke a gara Turgenev, Gogol na Pogodin, Belinsky, Zagoskin.

Na 38 afọ Aksakov Konstantin Sergeevich dere memoirs na-arụ ọrụ "Ikike icheta nke ụmụ akwụkwọ", na "On esịtidem ọnọdụ na Russia." Na ndị a, ndị nkatọ ọkọnọ echiche nke mmadụ na usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke motherland. O kweere na ihe bụ isi na-elekọta mmadụ obodo Russia bụ nwoke onye oru ugbo obodo. Slavophile ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'elu ikpo okwu dabeere na echiche nke "ala" na "ala" na nke substantiated pụrụ iche akụkọ ihe mere eme ụzọ nke Russia.

Aksakov hụrụ adomokoro n'etiti ala nke eze na ikike na-asị (ọha) mmalite. Konstantin Aksakov alaeze ukwu ike kpebisie ike na ọrụ "Ịchekwa ndụ ndị mmadụ" na nchebe. Dị ka Konstantin Sergeyevich, mkpa requisites nke Russian otu kwesịrị Ọkaakaa ikike ndị mmadụ: pịa, okwu na echiche. Na ha nwere ike ghara igbochi ma ọ bụ usoro na steeti.

"The akụkọ wee na-ezighị ezi ụzọ"

Na echiche nke Slavophiles na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russia owụt ya echiche banyere mwute ezumike nke Emperor Peter m, artificially elu ala nke ọha mmadụ. Ọ bụ na nke a na-ekwekọghị n'okike ike ọnọdụ arụsị Aksakov Konstantin hụrụ abịa otiti Russian otu: iri ngo, serfdom, ubahade.

Aksakov kwuru echiche ya na a akwụkwọ ozi Alexander II, mgbe e mesịrị nyere iwu na-ekpochapụ serfdom, na ya emeela ka ndị epithet nke "The mgbapụta."

The nnyocha nke Western ochichi onye kwuo uche

Works site Konstantin Aksakov, akpan akpan, isiokwu bụ "The Voice of Moscow" na 1848, agọnahụ uru nke revolutionary ahụmahụ nke Europe maka Russia. Ọ katọrọ ahụmahụ nke Western ochichi onye kwuo uche ya maka "deification nke ọchịchị", oké politicization nke ọha na eze ndụ. Mgbọrọgwụ bụ mmasị nke Russian otu, dị ka Aksakov, ịgha ụgha na ubi nke ime mmụọ na nke okpukpe.

Ọzọ nke ọrụ ya - "Na Russian echiche" - ewepụta ihe ndekọ ogologo m inye "mba - ụmụ mmadụ." Publicist egosi ikike na omenala na-elekọta mmadụ na ọbụbụeze nke Russian, bụ ndị nwere ikike na-idetuo Western ochichi onye kwuo uche. Ọ dị ịrịba ama na onye ọkà ihe ọmụma na onye dere, na omume, etinyere ya pro-Russian stance. Ọ bụ a obibi nke isi obodo, o nwere a na ajị agba, yi uwe-ya adọwara na yarmulke (oru ugbo oyi okpu).

The ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya

Ọ ga-adị ka ndụ dị mma. Authority na nkà mmụta sayensị, na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị okirikiri na dere ụtọ Aksakov Konstantin Sergeevich. Ya biography na-egosi a dịgasị iche iche nke dị ka kpọrọ mmadụ. House Aksakov bụ ka fashionable Moscow edemede Mmanya. Ọ entree Leo Tolstoy, Taras Shevchenko, Ivan Turgenev ...

Ọ ga-ebibi ihe niile dị otu ụbọchị. Na 1859, nna ya nwụrụ na Aksakov Sergei Timofeevich. Nwa ahụhụ a na ọnwụ na-nnọọ ike, na-enwe mmasị dị ukwuu ndị nne na nna. Na ọdịdị nke ezi ahụ ike, ọ dị mfe na anya na-mkpa, na-adịghị ike na-arịa ọrịa na-arịa ụkwara nta. Mgbe a afọ na ọkara mgbe ọnwụ nke Pope Aksakov Konstantin Sergeevich ọ nwụrụ mgbe na ọgwụgwọ na Mediterranean n'àgwàetiti Zant.

E liri ya na-eli ozu Simonov mọnk nso n'ili nna-ya. Na XX narị afọ Aksakovs reburied na Novodevichy na-eli ozu.

ọgwụgwụ

Kwenyesiri ike Slavophile mere n'akụkọ ihe mere eme Konstantin Aksakov. Biography (nkenke na nkwurịta okwu anyị, ma, otú ọgaranya n'ezie), ọ bu ihe ọmụma banyere ọtụtụ eccentricities. Ọ jụrụ ná ndụ ya site n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, mgbe yi a nwoke onye oru ugbo uwe, nke na XIX narị afọ bụ fọrọ nke nta ka iji. Friends mere fun nke ya, ma ghọtara: n'ihi Stanislavski si dị nnọọ mkpa. Arụmụka ya na echiche dị iche anyị na omume ọma. Ọ kwalitere a laghachi ọha ndụ nke Russia ebibi alaeze ukwu ike imperishable ụkpụrụ omume.

Na nke a, ndị ọkà ihe ọmụma na onye dere bụ nelitsemeren, ụkpụrụ na-eduzi na-eme ihe n'eziokwu. Hegelian na Slavophile Aksakov amataghị ihe ọ bụla nke onye eze nke echiche na pro-Western. People, na ọbụna ndị na-emegide, ọ na-akwanyere ùgwù ji kpọrọ ihe. Ọ bụghị, dị ka Lvu Tolstomu, Nikolayu Gogolyu, Ivan Turgenev, na epochal ọrụ, Otú ọ dị, a kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi, a pụrụ ịdabere na enyi ha nile. Konstantin Aksakov sensitively na miri ịghọta na edemede usoro, ọ bụ a ma ama ọkà mmụta, asụsụ, otu n'ime ndị kasị a ma ama na ndị ọkachamara na-na ubi nke Russian akụkọ ihe mere eme.