MANPADS "Igla": àgwà, photos, ngwa

Ugbua n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ ụgbọelu na-achị na-eme ihe nkiri nke agha ahụ oké mkpa. Modern nnukwu agha arụmọrụ na-esonyere site n'iji ọtụtụ narị ugbo elu, tinyere unmanned. Ịrụ ụka na ihe iyi egwu nke ikuku na-eji ntụ ozize usoro na agha na-azara ọnụ, nke dị iche dị ka ụkpụrụ nke ihe, na irè okirikiri na ogo agagharị. Na 70 afọ, a nnukwu ebe nile wearable obere ikuku na-azara ọnụ na usoro e mere ịrụ ụka mwakpo kenkwucha ụgbọelu akụ, ugbu anọchi anya agha helicopters, ugbo elu, agha ugbo elu na UAVs.

Na Russian Army mejupụtara MANPADS "Igla". Nke a ngwá agha nwere a elu arụmọrụ, na-egosi na ahụmahụ nke ọgụ ojiji (nnọọ na mba ọzọ agha), ọ dị mfe iji, pụrụ ịtụkwasị obi, dịtụ obere size na arọ.

MANPADS na USSR

Development nke anụ ụlọ-emegide ugbo elu agha usoro ikike ẹkedori a projectile guzozie si n'ubu malitere na USSR n'ọdịnihu. Na nkera nke abụọ nke 60s Soviet agha nwere ihe abụọ na ụdị obere ikuku na-azara ọnụ agha usoro ( "Arrow" na "Arrow-2"). Nke a ngwá agha nwere ọtụtụ uru, otu nke bụ:

- mberede ọdịdị nke ikuku agbachitere usoro ke ebe onye iro ugbo elu tupu egwu egwu a na-adịghị chere;

- ike na iti zaa na bukwanu anya (ihe karịrị 4 km) na a elu kwekọrọ na nke na-akacha na-"na-arụ ọrụ" na ala zaa agha ugbo elu ( "Skyhawk", "Phantom" ma ọ bụ "Skayrayder") - site na 1500 ruo 3000 mita;

- ngwa ngwa Mbelata na gbapụ ọnọdụ;

- mfe ngwa na ọzụzụ nke pesonel, tinyere ndị mba ọzọ;

- ikwu compactness;

- mfe na ikwu na nchekwa na njem ọnọdụ.

N'agbanyeghị elu ọgụ àgwà ndị ụfọdụ na-adịghị oge, n'ihi na nke agha ọkachamara katọrọ MANPADS "Strela". "Agịga" e mere kpọmkwem iji merie nsogbu.

Iti dị mgbe, na kwupụta

Isi drawback nke "akụ" bụ na ha nwere ikike see zaa mgbe ha gaba n'elu zoo n'azụ ihe. Abụkarị onye iro ugbo elu nwere ike na-gbara ala nanị mgbe ihe omumu nke bombu ma ọ bụ agha volley. N'ezie, "ọbọ" n'ikwado agha nọ ma ọ bụrụ na-emegide ugbo elu Gunners onwe ha ọbọhọ. "Akụ" nwere ike iti ndị na-achụ, na ndị agha choro ngwá agha na ike see awakpo ụgbọ elu na-aga izute, Mfịn nwere emebi.

Mgbe ụfọdụ, na-eji mmewere nke na anya, na ọ bụ ike ịga nke ọma n'agbanyeghị na a haziri oghom - "catch" ndị iro na-eme na-aghọ aghụghọ igbu overflying ugbo elu, nọgidere ama. Ya mere, na 1969, ndị Ijipt agha massively eji obere mgbagwoju "Strela-2" Israel "Phantom", na-agba ọsọ na oké ala karị, na-egbu isii nke ha kwa ụbọchị. Ma onye iro bụ ike ịmụta ihe, ka anya irè nke Soviet MANPADS jụrụ, ọ bụ ezie na ha uru ka na-nọgidere na unquestionable. Ha nwere a psychological mmetụta, na-amanye onye iro ụgbọelu na-mgbe niile ọkụ ọkụ site na obere ka nnukwu elu, mgbe na-eche mma. Ma ọ dị mkpa na-achọ oru ike izute kwaa, kama mgbe.

Government ọrụ SP anwụ anwụ

Ọzọ mwepu nwere "akụ" na nke chọrọ izere creators nke MANPADS "Igla", bụ a enweghị ike mgbawa agha isi. Ọ bụghị ihe niile na-eti lekwasịrị na-ekwe nkwa ya mbibi na ọbụna mee ịrịba mebiri. Ume stormtroopers, a na-nozulu n'ime nke bugara akụ ụta na a thermal isi nduzi, mere nke ihe nwere ike idi elu kwes na baric mmetụta, na ugbo elu mgbe nwere ohere iji laghachi ha isi, na mgbe ahụ ịrụzi ọzọ jụrụ a iyi egwu. Akwusila na mmetụta nke "blurring" na ugboelu iyi n'ume-efegharị efegharị na-emebi ihe. Na nke a na ọ dị mkpa na-eme ihe.

Na 1971, ndị ọchịchị Soviet kpebiri igosi a ọhụrụ mgbagwoju, ikike na-alụ ọgụ na ihe ndị kasị oge a na elu n'oge ahụ site ikuku agha kenkwucha larịị, nke nwere ike nwere mmegide. Kolomenskoye engineering imewe Bureau bụ ndị nne na nna ụlọ ọrụ, metụtara ọrụ rụrụ site ndị ọzọ na otu (CDB ngwa, Research Institute of atụ ihe na Leningrad mkpakọrịta LOMO). Isi onye ndú nke e mepụtara ọhụrụ ezi ndammana ghọrọ Academician SP anwụ anwụ. The ọhụrụ ngwá agha a na-akpọ MANPADS "Igla". Ihe e ji mara (lekwasịrị ọsọ, na ihe gbasara nke puru mbibi elu) kwesịrị inwe, dị ka ọchịchị arịrịọ, budata outperformed "akụ-3 '(ikpeazụ mgbanwe).

Aghụghọ megide aghụghọ

The isi ọwa maka ezubere iche emegide ugbo elu agba kemgbe e weere na a okpomọkụ Chọpụta ekpe engine nke ugbo elu. Nke a na usoro nke na-ekpebi ntụziaka nke projectile bụ dịtụ mfe, ma o nwere oké njọ flaws. Ozugbo mbụ ikpe nke irè ojiji nke ugbo elu megide pụtara ngwaọrụ bu n'obi na-eduhie thermal Rada usoro na-anọchi anya oge ịse Pyrocartridges na ike a ụgha lekwasịrị anya. Ọ bụ ya mere kpebiri itinye MANPADS "Igla" sọrọ-ọwa infrared nduzi isi, onwem na photodetectors. Development nke a usoro nke nwere ike ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti a ezigbo ụgbọelu site thermal okpomọkụ Chọpụta "afia", na-egbu oge maka mmezi afọ asaa, ma kụrụ afọ n'ala. Ọ bụ nyochawa siri ike, dị nnọọ ezu banyere na isi photodetector mgbe translation nke projectile n'ime firing ọnọdụ mma ka a nnọọ ala okpomọkụ nso zuru efu (-200 ° C). N'ihi nke a mgbalị, akpaka usoro, onwem na mgbagha, emen agụ nke abụọ sensọ. Ma ọ bụrụ na yana ọwa mgbaàmà larịị bụ ala karịa n'ala, ebumnobi na a kọwara dị ka na-adọpụ uche, na search a rụrụ dị ka ogologo dị ka rọketi agaghị ahụ ezi ihe.

E nwere otu ihe dị mkpa oru ajụjụ nke ngwọta budata ụba na ọgụ irè nke MANPADS "Igla". Advanced agha ugbo elu survivability e ji mara-adabere na ebe nke na kọntaktị na a projectile, na nozulu - bụghị zuru okè, nke na-atụ algọridim na-enye onye ọzọ na nhọrọ, na-enye a mgbanwe nke direction vector nke rọketi (zuru ezu adiana) na akụkụ ikpeazụ nke trajectory nke na shot see fuselage. Ịrụ a nghogbu na a shei ewu-enye ndị ọzọ thrusters.

usoro nduzi na fuuz

KB Engineers n'ụzọ ọ bụla na-agbalị iji belata arọ nke obere mgbagwoju "Igla". MANPADS bụ a ngwá agha echiche kọmpat, e mere ya maka site na a otu agha. Mass ọgbụgba ọkụ umi ẹdude ke ọgụ rọketi unit, bụ otu ihe ahụ dị ka "booms" (1170 g), ma ya ume (mgbawa) ike nnọọ elu. Ke adianade do, ọ bụ nnọọ ihe ezi uche dị na ngwọta bụ iji unspent mmanụ ụgbọala ka ihe ndị ọzọ na-egbu egbu ndị agha, nke bụ a pụrụ iche na ngwaọrụ a na-akpọ ihe mgbawa generator. Apụtụghị a detonator na-triggered site na mmebi nke isi-elekọta ma na-ewe a dịtụ ngwa ngwa mode nke na-ere mmanụ ụgbọala na ihe ozugbo chemical mmeghachi omume nke ọxịdashọn na ntọhapụ nke nnukwu ichekwa ike. Fusing abụọ: kọntaktị (rụọ ọrụ site kpọmkwem kọntaktị) na itinye n'ọkwa (trapping ndọta lekwasịrị anya). BLT ụdị - elu-na-agbawa agbawa.

General ngwa na akụrụngwa

MPADS "agịga" dị ka ndị ọzọ obere okụre kenkwucha larịị VOP bụ a obubata tube na nke a agha okwuchi, ergonomic ahụ. Iji na-apụ apụ agha ike imerụ ndị shooter, na-amalite usoro a na-kewara abụọ nkebi. Na mbụ, ozugbo ebighị nke mgbọ, agha ejection emee si gbọmgbọm site a pụrụ iche ala-na-ike ụgwọ. Mgbe a ole na ole mita si ụgbọ elu laser doo obubata launching anamde isi (propulsion) nke siri ike propellant. N'otu oge ahụ na mkpọchi na-wepụrụ akpa ogbo, na-egbochi mberede gbawara isi. N'ikpeazụ-abịa agha na-alụ ọgụ ọnọdụ ọbụna mgbe a ole na ole sekọnd, efe 250 mita.

E wezụga na igba egbe tube nwere a rọketi 9P322 na ịbụ otu-eji ngwaahịa, kit MPADS "agịga" onwem na a akpalite (9P519-1) si agba ajụjụ ọnụ 1L14 (ọ bụ ọnụ na mgbagwoju, ọ ga-eji ọtụtụ ugboro) na electronic mbadamba 1L15-1 (n'ihi na ngwa ngwa mgbanwe nke arụmọrụ ozi na okporo ụzọ ọnọdụ).

N'ihi na otu ngwa ga-achọ a mobile ebe nnyocha. Na-elele serviceability na akara usoro mepụtara a pụrụ iche set nke KPS.

Na "Igla-1" ketara n'aka "Strela"

Na nkera nke abụọ nke seventies na performers na maka ndị ahịa ọ bịara doo anya na mgbe oge ruru na Kolomenskoye igwe-ulo Bureau adịghị dabara. Igbu oge na-akpata a na-egbu oge na mmepe nke ngwaahịa 9E140 (homing). Ọ tụgharịrị na-nnọọ mgbagwoju, ya e kere eke na-esonyere ọtụtụ nsogbu. The agha fọrọ nke nta njikere. Iji expedite eruba nke sample site Soviet Army na Ọrụ n'ihu assimilation nke nkà na ụzụ ọhụrụ, e kpebiri n'etiti. MANPADS "Igla-1", edise ke State Commission na 1978, e onwem na a otu-ọwa GSN site "akụ". Mgbe ọhụrụ a mgbagwoju dị iche ụba ike ndebe na mma oru e ji mara (ụba ruo 5.2 km okirikiri nke ngwa, ọ bụ omume na lesion counterpropagating nzube). Na 1982, e mesịrị dechara ule nke sọrọ-ọwa homing, ọ kwukwara ọhụrụ obere ikuku na-azara ọnụ usoro nke n'ihu, a na-akpọ MANPADS "Igla-2."

"Agịga" mgbanwe "A", "H" na "C"

Mgbagwoju na-akpọ miniature ike igba egbe tube ogologo bụ 1 m 70 cm - nkezi mmadụ elu. Karịsịa oké njọ jụrụ si paratroopers malitere achọ ihe kọmpat. Special belata "Eagle" e kere ha. MANPADS na apịaji ọnọdụ bụ mkpumkpu site 60 cm.

Mgbanwe nke "H" e ji elu ikike brisant isi. Otu mma bụ nakwa àgwà nke atọ version nke mgbagwoju, natara index "C". Ma na mgbakwunye na enwekwukwa elu-agbawa agbawa fragmentation warhead, ndị agha nwere a sọrọ fuuz (gụnyere contactless) na ihe ọzọ dị mkpa àgwà, n'ihi na nke a na-akpọ ngwaọrụ. "C" - nke pụtara "mpịachi", na iga ọnọdụ - na ọkara.

e ji mara

TTX MANPADS "Igla" nnukwu na na-agbanwe agbanwe na ihe ndị a chọrọ nke ngwangwa XXI narị afọ. ọsọ nke rọketi na ụzọ ihe mgbaru ọsọ - n'elu 2,100 km / h. Na a anya nke 5200 m na a ụgbọelu ma ọ bụ a helikọpta, efe na a ọsọ nke ruo 1150 km / h na karị ruo 2500 m nwere ike tiri mgbe a puru nke 63%.

Mgbe firing na-aga izute iche ọsọ ike ịbụ elu ruo 1300 km / h. Nyefee nke ụgbọala na-alụ ọgụ ọnọdụ obere mgbagwoju nwere ike ịbụ dị ka obere ka 13 sekọnd.

All ndị a akọrọ ọgụgụ pụtara ezigbo ohere, nke nwere nanị otu onye agha, burugodị na 9K38 MANPADS "Igla". Ọ nwere ike obibi ala-na-efe efe, dị ka agha helicopters na nrughari agba, nke bụ n'ihi na flatness nke trajectory bụ nnọọ ize ndụ maka ala agha.

Ọzọkwa, akara usoro bụ ike ịmata ihe dị iche ọjọọ ugbo elu ekele ike ude usoro "enyi ma ọ bụ onye iro."

Special okwu kwesịrị na ala nke iji nke MANPADS "Igla". Ọgụ ntụziaka ntuziaka anaghị nwere a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ihe nwere ike na-amalite ọ bụla na ọnọdụ, tinyere on board a na-akpụ akpụ ụgbọ ala. Ozugbo ọrụ hụrụ na iche, ọ na-amalite na-ezipụ anwụrụ ka ihe ihe, inupụ "Malite" button. Ọzọ, ihe nile na-eme na a okwu nke sekọnd, ọ na-anọgide naanị nyochaa rọketi ụgbọ elu, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ, n'ezie, e nwere oge.

ahụmahụ nke na ngwa

Na ndị agha karịa anọ na iri na abuo na mba bụ a obere-emegide ugbo elu usoro MANPADS "Igla". Ya ngwa site Iraqi agha na 1991 mere ka ọnwụ nke ọtụtụ ugbo elu Air Force mmekota na egosiwo elu nrụpụta ọrụ nke ụdị Russian na ngwá agha, ọbụna fọrọ nke nta ezu suppression nke ikuku na-azara ọnụ na ikuku elu ebibi. Kemgbe iri afọ abụọ n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke ụwa e nwere ọtụtụ ndị agha esemokwu na agha. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwere otu ma ọ bụ nke ọzọ n'akụkụ eji MANPADS "Igla". Photo insurgents na ọchịchị ndị agha na-ahụkarị "akpa", nakwa dị ka mmebi na mbibi nke ugbo elu mee ihe atụ nke na-egbu egbu ike nke a dịtụ obere ikuku na-azara ọnụ.

Na post-Soviet akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ewu ewu na nke "agịga" nwere ike na-arụ ụka ikekwe na ama "Kalashnikov". Aware nke ikpeazụ isi nkwekọrịta maka ọkọnọ nke a nnukwu ogbe nke ndị a okụre na Malaysian agha. Mma nke usoro imewe, nke mere ka onye na-abawanye nke isii kilomita okirikiri ọgụ iji "agịga" mgbanwe "Super". Ndị a MANPADS, nakwa dị ka ọhụrụ, dị ka ma na nzuzo samples ga-n'ụzọ zuru ezu rearmed ndị agha Russia na n'ọdịnihu dị nso.