Irughari akụ ụta, Russia na US

Development nke agha na ohere technology na fifties bụ tumadi kwupụta oruru nke Intercontinental ngwaọrụ nke nwere ike na-emebi usoro okike. Otú ọ dị, a kpọrọ mmadụ anọwo na-akwakọba ahụmahụ e nwetara mmepe nke a pụrụ iche ụdị mgbọ, na ijikọta ndị e ji mara nke ugbo elu na akụ ụta. Ha na-setịpụrụ na ukporo site reactive mmiri mmiri ma ọ bụ ihe siri ike engine, ma na-eji inwego ụgbọelu mbụ mmewere na n'ozuzu imewe. Ọ bụ ụgbọ agba. Russia (mgbe ahụ USSR), ha abụghị ndị dị ka mkpa dị ka Intercontinental ma ọrụ a na-ama na-eme na ha. Site na ọtụtụ iri afọ, ọ na-aga nke ọma. Ọtụtụ samples nke ụdị ngwá agha bụ ugbua na ngwá ma ọ bụ ga-eme ebe ha nọ n'ohu zere nwere ebido. Ha ime ka egwu na kpamkpam nēme ka ọchịchọ ọgụ mba anyị.

"Tomahawk" na a neutron bọmbụ - eighties nro

Ke mbubreyo eighties Soviet nduhie ugwo oké anya abụọ ọhụrụ ụdị nke American ngwá agha. The neutron bọmbụ, nke egwu Pentagon "niile na-aga n'ihu ndi mmadu", dị ka ha na-egbu ọchụ Njirimara nwere ike mpi naanị na "Tomahawk". Ndị a selachian shells na mkpa obere ụgbọ elu na-enwe ike sinik elu na zaa on Soviet n'ókèala hụrụ, na-ezo site na nchọpụta usoro ke gullies, osimiri akwa na ndị ọzọ eke Ikuku nke ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ. Ọ bụ nnọọ wetara obi ha vulnerability, na Soviet ụmụ amaala were ezigbo iwe site n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na-aghọ aghụghọ imperialists ọzọ ise na mba mmepe nke socialism ọhụrụ gburugburu nke ogwe aka agbụrụ, na ihe mere na ọ bụ ụgbọ agba. Russia nwere ihe ime ihe a na ihe iyi egwu. Naanị ụfọdụ dị asian ndị mmadụ mara na n'ezie, ihe yiri na-ama a na-mepụtara na Soviet Union, na ihe na-adịghị njọ otú ahụ.

American anyụike

The prototype nke niile oge a na nrughari agba nwere ike kwuru German ụgbọelu-shei V-1 (V-1). Atugharị, ọ yiri American "Tomahawk", kere iri afọ anọ ka e mesịrị: otu ụgbọelu ogologo ma dị warara fuselage, mfe primitiveness silhouette. Ma, e nwere a dị iche, na ihe ndị ọzọ. Mgbọ, ndibọhọ English aha irughari agha, - ọ bụghị naanị a agha onwem na a nku, ọ bụ ihe ọzọ. The eyi mfe odịbe a nnọọ mgbagwoju oru atụmatụ, isi mmewere nke nke bụ ibu-ngwa-ngwa na kọmputa, kama na-ewere mkpebi ịgbanwe N'ezie na elu, iji zere collisions na mgbochi. Ọ dị mkpa ka ụgbọ elu na oké ala elu na a ọnụego zuru ezu iji soro ndị ọzọ okwu nke na anya, - ọsọ nke nnyefe ụgwọ lekwasịrị. Na ọ bụ mkpa na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma "n'anya" nke "umu azu shark". Rada n'ịnyịnya na imi nke projectile, hụrụ ihe mgbochi nile gabiga ihe ọmụma banyere ha electronic ụbụrụ, nke nyochaa enyemaka ma nye akara n'ókè handlebars (slats, flaps, ailerons, na otú pụta.). Full supersonic ụgbọ agha America ga-esi: na ịmachi regimes "Tomahawk" na-abịa nanị n'ikpeazụ nke trajectory, ma ọ dịghị igbochi ya na-iyi egwu n'ezie taa, karịsịa na-akwanyere mba ndị na-enweghị nke zuru okè ikuku na agha na-azara ọnụ na usoro.

Soviet X-90

Ọ na-amaghị n'aka ihe mere ka gọọmenti Soviet inye ihe na-egosi na mmalite nke mmepe KR. Ikekwe ọgụgụ isi kọrọ banyere mmalite nke American research n'ógbè a, ma ọ bụ omume na echiche, nke bilitere na ogbu nke na nzuzo nnyocha institutes mmasị onye si Ministry of Defense. Agbanyeghị, ke 1976 malitere ọrụ, na ẹkụre ụbọchị e setịpụrụ bụ obere - afọ isii. Site ná mmalite, anyị na-emepụta na-arahụ a dị iche iche ụzọ karịa ha US ogbo. Subsonic ọsọ na ha ịrata. Rọketi e kwesịrị iji merie niile ókè iji chebe a nwere onye iro na àjà ihe ọṅụṅụ-ala karị. Na na supersonic ọsọ. mbụ prototypes na-anọchi anya na njedebe nke afọ iri, nke gosiri na polygon ule nti utịp (ruo 3 M). Secret owuwu nọgidere mma, na-esote afọ iri ga-efe ọsọsọ karịa anọ ama ụda velocities. Na 1997 naanị, obodo nke uwa kemgbe-enwe ike ịhụ ọrụ ebube a nke nkà na ụzụ na ihe ngosi MAKS na Ụlọ Nzukọ Research na Production Association "Rainbow". Modern Russian nrughari agba bụ kpọmkwem nketa nke Soviet Kh-90. Ọbụna aha a na-echekwa, ma ọ sịrị na ngwá agha agbanweela ọtụtụ mgbanwe. Mmewere isi dị iche.

The egbe nke a rọketi e kwesịrị rụrụ na Tu-160, a nnukwu usoro atụ bọmbụ ike ibu bombu n'ọnụ mmiri na ya 12 mita mgbọ na a ịkpakọba ụgbọ elu. The ụgbọelu na-anọgide n'otu.

"Koala"

Modern Russian nrughari agba X-90 "Koala" bụ Mkpa ọkụ na mkpumkpu karịa nna nna ya ha: ogologo-ya bụ ihe na-erughị 9 mita. Mara banyere ya obere, tumadi eziokwu na ya ịdị adị (na-enweghị igosipụta nkọwa) nke nchegbu iyatesịt nke anyị American mmekọ. Ihe kpatara ya bụ na-atụ egwu ihe mụbara projectile nso (3500 km), nke bụ chie mebiri okwu nke inf Treaty (Intermediate-nso). Ma ọ bụghị egwu nke United States, na eziokwu na ndị a emeri na nrughari agba (dị ka ha na-akpọ, ọ bụ ezie na oké osimiri, ha nwere ike ghara imeri) ike "mbanye" niile ókè agha agbachitere usoro na United States ji nwayọọ ma nwayọọ nwayọọ gaa n'akuku Russian ala.

Ụkpụrụ a esesịn natara ya "NATO" designation: Koala AS-X-21. Anyị na-akpọ ya dị iche iche, ya bụ hypersonic ibuo ugbo elu (gael).

The n'ozuzu ụkpụrụ ya edinam mejupụtara ke eziokwu na, na-ahapụ bọmbụ bays nke Tu-160 na a elu nke 7 na 20 kilomita, o okp Delta nku na ọdụ, na mgbe ahụ na-agba ọsọ ahụ ome osooso accelerates projectile ka supersonic, na mgbe na-abịa na igba egbe nke isi engine. Ọnụego nke iju ke ụtụ ka aka 5 M, na ya gael rushes na ihe mgbaru ọsọ, nke nwere ike na-ama-atụle idikwe. KR intercept a bụ fọrọ nke nta agaghị ekwe omume.

"Uranus", naval na ụgbọelu

Anti-ship ụta na ndị Ọtụtụ ụgbọ. Ha trajectory, dị ka a na-achị, yiri ọgụ N'ezie terrestrial ogbo. Mmepe nke ngwá agha ndị a na Soviet Union e kwere nkwa ọlụlụ ke imewe ụlọ ọrụ "Star". Na 1984, isi mmebe G. I. Hohlovu e tasked na-na-eke a mgbagwoju n'aka Iguzogide iro n'elu naval ebumnobi Ndahie nke ruo puku mmadụ ise ise (ie dịtụ obere) na ọnọdụ nke nọ n'ọrụ electronic guzogide na mgbagwoju Meteorological ọnọdụ. N'ihi nke otu mgbalị bụ X-35 "Uranus", dị ka e ji mara ya, ọ Olee ihe enyemaka kwekọrọ na afọ nke American KR "uta" na ike ga-eji na salvo mode. The nso 120 km mmeri. The mgbagwoju na-onwem na a usoro nke nchọpụta, njirimara na nduzi, guzosie ike bụghị nanị na ọgụ nkeji nke Navy, kamakwa ikuku ebu (helicopters Ka-27, Ka-28, mig-29, Su-24, Su-30, Su-35, tu-142, Yak-141 na ndị ọzọ), nke budata gbatịrị ike nke a ngwá agha. Malite rụrụ ultra-ala elu (200 m), mgbochi ship akụ ụta nke ụdị na-rụrụ na a ọsọ nke karịrị 1,000 km / h n'elu fọrọ nke nta mmiri na ebili mmiri (si 5 na 10 m, na na ikpeazụ na nke nke trajectory ma na-eme dobe atọ mita). Nyere obere akụkụ nke projectile (4 m n'ogologo, 40 cm), ọ nwere ike na-eche na ndị intercept ya nnọọ mfịna.

"Ọtụtụ narị X"

Mgbe ikuku chebe onwe, ma Soviet na American, ruru na mmepe nke elu ikike, na ngwa svobodnopadayuschih mgbọ hapụrụ fọrọ nke nta na mba niile. Nnweta ezi-edu, pụrụ ịdabere na ndị dị ike usoro atụ bọmbụ kpaliri agha ndị ndú na-achọ a were ha, na ọ hụrụ. Na US B-52, na na Soviet Union Tu-95 malitere ga-eji dị ka a na-efe efe agha launchers. Na nineties isi ebu Russian mgbọ kenkwucha usoro ebubo, nye ndi-lekwasịrị ugbo elu na-enweghị agafe ókè nke na-azara ọnụ, ígwè X-101. Ke ukem na ha mepụtara fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam yiri aghụghọ, ike ibu nuclear warheads. Ma ndị CD a ugbu a na nkewa, mara ha arụmọrụ e ji mara tọrọ naanị ole na ole nke mmadụ. Anyị na-na mara na a ọhụrụ nlereanya maka ọrụ natara, ọ dị iche ubara ọgụ okirikiri (karịa puku mmadụ ise kilomita) na a pụtara meriri ziri ezi (ruo mita 10). Warhead X-101 nwere a elu-agbawa agbawa fragmentation nri, na bụ ihe kasị mkpa bụ ihe a na ya. spetszaryada ụgbọelu nwere ike ịbụ ya mere ezi ihe: mgbawa ike nke iri puku kwuru iri kilotons ole na ole mita na nri ma ọ bụ n'aka ekpe adịghị egwu a nnukwu ọrụ. N'ihi na X-102 (a nuclear ụgbọelu) dị mkpa karịa anya.

"Nwere nku" atụmatụ

All ihe, gụnyere ụdị ngwá agha nwere ike hụrụ naanị na akụkụ nke tụnyere. E nwere dị iche iche na-azara ọnụ ozizi, na mgbe mba ụfọdụ na-achọ zuru uwa na-achị, ebe ndị ọzọ nanị na-achọ iji chebe onwe ha si kwe omume ike ike proclivities. Ọ bụrụ na ị tụnyere ụgbọ akụ ụta, Russia na United States, ọ nwere ike kwubiri na technical kwa nke American ngwá agha na-adịghị gafere na ike nke ha rivals. Abụọ na-ịkụ nzọ na-abawanye na ọgụ okirikiri, nke nta nke nta na-ewe CD si udi nke si eme, na-enye ha ihe ndị ọzọ "nke dị aghụghọ." The echiche na-enwe ike idozi geopolitical emegiderịta site n'itinye na mberede na destructional iku, bụghị nleta mbụ nke isi nke Pentagon ọchịagha - bụ iji chetara atụmatụ bombings of Soviet nnukwu ulo oru na-agbachitere emmepe, mepụtara na mbubreyo forties na n'oge fifties, ozugbo ọdịdị a zuru ezu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke US nuclear warheads.

AGM-158B agbatiri nso, USA

Ntoputa nke ọhụrụ ụdị ngwá agha na United States bụ ihe omume nke mba dị mkpa. Taxpayers ụtọ mara na ego ugwo site na ha ka ha na mmefu ego, na steeti aghọwo ọzọ àmà nke US uwa dominance. Rating nke na-achị party abawanye, Ntuli na-aṅụrị ọṅụ. N'ihi ya, ọ bụ na 2014, mgbe US usoro agha natara ọhụrụ KR AGM-158B airborne, kere n'okpuru agbachitere omume Joint Air elu Standoff agha Extended iche, abbreviated JASSM-Ea, nke pụtara na a na ngwaahịa na-aduak tie ụwa elu na nwere ogologo nso nke ngwa. Ebe n'ihu ọha ọhụrụ ngwá agha, na-ekpe ikpe site na bipụtara data, ọ dịghị ụzọ ka ọ ka X-102. Nso AGM-158B ụgbọ elu nwere na-edochaghị anya, na a dịgasị iche iche - si 350 na 980 km, nke pụtara ya na nduzi na arọ nke warhead. Yikarịrị, ndị ezigbo okirikiri nke nuclear ụgwọ ya otu ihe ahụ nke X-102, nke ahụ bụ 3500 km. Russia na US na nrughari agba nwere ihe dị otu ọsọ, arọ na akụkụ. Ekwu okwu banyere American nkà na ụzụ ndị ọzọ mma adịghị mkpa nakwa n'ihi mma ziri ezi, ọ bụ eziokwu, dị ka anyị kwuru, oke mkpa nke a nuclear iku, o nwere adịghị.

Ọzọ KR na Russia na US

X-101 na X-102 - bụghị naanị ụgbọ akụ ụta na Russian ngwá. E wezụga ha amụrụ anya ma na ndị ọzọ samples bear onwem Pulsejet dị ka 16 na X 10 HN (ruo mgbe ha nwetara), mgbochi KS-1, DAC 2, DAC 5, ọgbụgba ọkụ na-elu-na-agbawa agbawa na-abami warhead ma ọ bụ oskolochno- ma ọ bụ nuclear mgbawa-eme. I nwere ike icheta ihe ndị ọzọ oge a KR X-20, X-22 na X-55, nke ghọrọ prototype nke X-101. Ma mgbe ahụ e nwere "àkịkà," "anwụnta", "ametist", "malachite", "Basalt", "Granite", "onyx", "Yakhont" na ndị ọzọ na-anọchite anya nke "nkume" usoro. Ndị a na nrughari agba Russia ruo ọtụtụ afọ na-na ọrụ Air Force na Navy, na ọha na eze mara banyere ha ọtụtụ, ma ọ bụghị ihe niile.

The Americans nwekwara a ole na ole ụgbọ agba ọgbọ mbụ karịa AGM-158B. Nke a kenkwucha "Matador» MGM-1, "Shark» SSM-A-3 "Greyhound» AGM-28, e kwuru okwu "uta", "Ndenye egbe" eluigwe na ala bases. Ẹkûkpa na United States na a tụkwasịrị obi "Tomahawk", ma na-arụ ọrụ na a ekwe X-51, ikike ofufe na hypersonic gbapụrụ ọsọ.

Ná mba ndị ọzọ

Ọbụna n'ala ndị dị anya, bụ ebe ihe agha nnyocha pụrụ ikwu okwu naanị na akụkọ ifo, a hypothetical akụkụ nke Russian ma ọ bụ ndị American agha iyi egwu, engineer na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-arụ ọrụ ịzụlite ya na nrughari agba. Ọ bụghị a nnọọ mma ahụmahụ na-alụ ọgụ na Falkland Islands, Argentina kpaliri management igbunye ego maka engineering "taba AM-1." Pakistan "Hatf Baber-VII 'nwere ike na-agba ọsọ site na ala nrụnye, ụgbọ mmiri na submarines, o nwere a subsonic ọsọ (ihe dị ka 900 km / h) na a nso nke ruo 700 km. Ọ ọbụna nyere maka, na mgbakwunye na ot, nuclear warhead. Na China, atọ ụdị emepụta KR (YJ-62, YJ-82, YJ-83). Taiwan osobo "Syunfenom 2E". Ọrụ na-aga n'ihu, mgbe ụfọdụ nnọọ ihe ịga nke ọma na mba Europe (Germany, Sweden, France), nakwa dị ka na UK, na ebumnuche nke bụ nke gafere na nrughari agba, Russia ma ọ bụ na United States, na-enweta irè ngwá agha n'ihi na ha onwe ụsụụ ndị agha. Ịmepụta dị otú ahụ a mgbagwoju na elu-tech ngwá bụ oke ọnụ, na elu rụzuru a na ubi dị naanị superpower.