MAZ-2000 "Perestroika": oru nkọwa. Gwongworo Minsk Automobile Plant

Nke ajụjụ bụ "Gịnị ka ụgbọ ala-van" azịza ma - ọ bụ a igwe na a nnukwu ụgbọala na-adọkpụ. Ọ bụ azụ akụkụ dabeere abụọ (na-emekarị atọ) axis, mgbe n'ihu reclines na "sadulu" - a pụrụ iche owuwu, emi odude ke n'azụ akụkụ nke isi ụgbọ ala. N'ihi ezu agagharị na saịtị nke njikọ dị otú ahụ a ụgbọala nwere ike hụrụ na obodo mepere emepe, ọ bụ ezie na isi akporo a iga - anya anya ma ọ bụ mba flights.

N'eziokwu uru nke ụdị nke iga nwere ike ịbụ ogologo oge, ma na-akwụsị na abụọ. The mbụ - trailed usoro. Anyị rutere isi, agafewo dị otú ahụ a usoro, ọnụ na ọdịnaya nke ndị ahịa, na mgbe ekpe. Truck nwekwara ga-echere ruo mgbe ọ ga-butuo. Ọzọ uru nwere ike na-akpọ na traktọ akwusila ụgbọala na-adọkpụ na usoro maka onwe ha, kama na ha, nke mere na ndị na-eri nke na-eji dị otú ahụ a igwe na-aga ala.

MAZ

Freight Soviet Union malitere na-emepụta dị ka anya dị ka The Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya. Germany na Minsk malite iwu a factory maka idozi Wehrmacht ụgbọala, ma ọ bụghị rụchaa. Rụchaanụ ụlọ ma wughachi ya na-ama Belarusians. N'ihi ya, e bụ otu n'ime ndị Soviet ụlọ ọrụ maka mmepụta nke arọ gwongworo.

Ozugbo agha Yaroslavl Site n'ibu ebe a na akwụkwọ n'ihi na mmepụta nke YaMZ-200. A adi version a ụgbọala bụ nke mbụ Byelorussian nke igwe. Mgbe ahụ, wee agha mgbanwe na na. D. Dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ ọrụ, na ígwè ọrụ arụpụtara ebe a, chụgara ofụri Soviet Union. Na ida nke Union nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nke iwu adawo sharply, ka Ọkaakaa ike dị ka ụgbọala bụ nanị adịghị mkpa. Ụfọdụ oge mmepụta ọbụna na-abaghị uru. O sina dị, taa osisi MAZ ka na-emekwa mmepụta nke iga. Letter-logo bụ ụgbọ ala, Trolley ụgbọ ala na N'ezie gwongworo.

lineup

Ebe ọ bụ na njedebe nke mbụ na-adọ nke osisi na Union wee ebe maka banyere 20 afọ. ihe karịrị otu nde ụgbọala e mepụtara ihe karịrị afọ. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-anakọtara dị ka ihe osise nke ndị ọzọ na mmepe, ma e nwere nsụgharị Kwuo fundamentally ọhụrụ okwu bụghị naanị na mmepụta nke Soviet gwongworo, ma na-na zuru ụwa ọnụ akpakanamde engineering. Karịsịa echiche cabover ụgbọala mbụ na-anwale ma mgbe ahụ, okwu ya Ming injinia.

Tupu etinyewe na nkọwa nke a fundamentally ọhụrụ nlereanya ( "Perestroika", dubbed dị ka ọtụtụ ndị bụ ndị hụrụ mbụ nlereanya na Paris Motor Gosi), tụlee ibu mepụtara, osisi tupu ya.

Na afọ 1948-1965 MAZ nlereanya 205. Ọ bụ nke mbụ ọgbọ na aghọwo a obere nlereanya ukpụhọde YAZ-200, zigara Minsk Yaroslavl. December 31, 1965 si ebu doo ikpeazụ 205 nkeji.

Ebe ọ bụ na 1966, osisi a na-n'ụzọ zuru ezu zigara nlereanya 500, nke malitere izukọta na obere batches kemgbe 1957. Nke abụọ a na ọgbọ bụ progenitor nke usoro 5335. Mgbe World Industrial ngosi ẹkenịmde ke Brussels, nlereanya 530 - 500 usoro ụgbọala - natara Grand Prix.

N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ 1970 akara mmalite nke mmepe nke ka mma version nke abụọ emana nke igwe - 500A. Ọ ẹkenam a ọhụrụ nche usoro, ihe ọma na ụlọ na ihe ndị ọzọ.

Na March 1976, ọ na nzukọ ezumezu dumper MAZ-5549. Nke a bụ ụzọ mụọ akara nke 5335 - a usoro nke nnọọ nke ọma ụdị n'ihi osisi.

N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1981, e nwere a ọhụrụ mmepe. Nke a bụ a ụgbọala na a traktọ-ụgbọala na-adọkpụ MAZ-6422. N'elu ọzọ afọ ole na ole, osisi a na-hazigharịrị, mgbe ahụ, -preparation ka mmepụta nke atọ-axle traktọ.

Ke mbubreyo 80s a raara onwe ya nye otu na-amalite ọrụ na-esote, radically redesigned nlereanya. The ụgbọ ala narị afọ nke 21, kpamkpam ọhụrụ akara usoro, modular imewe, na-ekwe omume nke ọ bụla ebu ikike, mma ụlọ, a dịgasị iche iche nke ohere modernization - ọ bụ naanị a obere akụkụ nke ihe-emepụta na-ekwu banyere ụgbọala ọhụrụ. N'afọ 1986, si n'ọnu-uzọ nke osisi doo MAZ-2000.

prerequisites

N'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu, ọhụrụ iga echiche sitere na Europe. Na, n'ezie, ha na-mepụtara na ndabere nke Western norms na ụkpụrụ ya. Dị ka ihe atụ anyị nwere ike icheta ọmụmụ nke mbụ KamAZa Zileev na Moscow. Dị ka anyị maara si akụkọ ihe mere eme, na prototype nke ụgbọala ọhụrụ na-eje ozi dị ka a mba ọzọ ụgbọala. Ọ bụ ndị a European ụkpụrụ amachi ogologo nke ụgbọ ala 16 mita. Ọ na-eji a dị iche iche axle, ibu ike, ike, ma ụkpụrụ nke 16 mita hụrụ nnọọ nditịm.

Union na ya size na ike nwere ike imeli na-ekwesịghị iso blindly na Western so. Ee, ọtụtụ ndị na ígwè ọrụ, nke na-mepụtara site na otu osisi MAZ, izute ndị a chọrọ, ma na mmepe nke ụgbọala ọhụrụ ịjụ, "Ma ọ bụrụ na anyị ga-eso na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ kwuru?" Ikekwe ọ bụrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ọzọ isi mmebe, azịza gaara dị iche iche. Ma M. S. Vysotskogo nwere mmasi ese ajụjụ, chọrọ echiche, na ọ na-enye a "green ìhè". N'ihi ya na-amalite a fundamentally ọhụrụ MAZ-2000. Na 1985, a mkpebi na mmepe. The nọmba na aha, na iwu ji ya otu isi mmebe. 2000 - nke a bụ ókè-ala n'etiti ọtụtụ narị afọ, na ụgbọala ọhụrụ - ụgbọala nke ọdịnihu.

nkọwa

The isi atụmatụ nke ọhụrụ ụgbọala ghọrọ kọwara modularity na ịdị n'otu. Ekele ha, na ụgbọelu nwere ike ngwa ngwa-ezukọta a ụgbọala si a kpọmkwem set nke "cubes". Ya mere, ihe dị mkpa ugbu a. The mbụ ibuo nlereanya nke ụgbọ ala na-kere ndị a "cubes":

• ibu n'elu ikpo okwu na isi etiti, mgbe chọrọ mgbanwe a unit na a gbanwee ahu;
• Transport modul - na chụpụrụ wiil na ọzọ akụrụngwa na ofu òkè;
• A ọhụrụ kpam redesigned akara ụlọ banyere ya mgbe e mesịrị;
• etiti modul - jikọọ ọnụ akụkụ ahụ niile;
• na traction unit, e n'ịnyịnya ike unit na chụpụrụ wiil.

Na ngọngọ ekenyela iche iche n'iru. E nwere ike haịdrọlik cylinders na n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ site mbịne n'ihu niile ụgbọ oloko.

Ọ bụ na-akpali na-emepụta ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịkwụsị ndị nwụrụ anwụ mpaghara n'etiti n'azụ mgbidi nke tagzi na ibu ụgbọala na-adọkpụ ozugbo, e ji mara maka dum akara nke gwongworo. N'ihi na nke a ubara olu nke ahụ ozugbo, nakwa dị ka mma aerodynamics.

ụlọ

N'oge mmepe, e wezụga ndị ekwuola, anyị na-enye a dị ọhụrụ nkeji na oru ngwọta. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha mechara mere nwebisiinka asambodo na nchọpụta Kemịkalụ. One ngwọta bụ ịgbanwe mpụga ọdịdị nke akara ụlọ.

Maka MAZ-2000 "Perestroika" ya kpamkpam revamped. Akpan akpan ụlọ efu fairing, kama ọ na-adịghị mkpa maka ọhụrụ igwe. Ụlọ elu hà na nke ụgbọala na-adọkpụ ụlọ na n'ihu, ubé mechie òkè, mma aerodynamics. Ọkụ ụgbọ oloko - atọ edo edo - enịm n'elu windscreen, nke nwekwara gbanwere. Wiper pupụtara eketịbede 180 degrees na natara ke n'elu-arịọnụ nke tagzi. N'ihi na ụba ịdị elu na windshield, ọ na-a siri ike, panoramic.

Mgbanwe agbanweela na ibo ụzọ. Ugbu a, kama ya koo, dị ka emejuputa ọtụtụ ugbo ala, onye na-akwọ ya na-akpali azụ mgbe na-akpụ akpụ. Nke a dị mkpebi ọzọ gbakwunyere. Mechie ọnụ ụzọ na ọ bụghị dị mkpa, dị ka ndị kasị a ma ama akụkụ nke ígwè mirror. E mere mgbanwe ndị na ụlọ ime. Dị ka ya onwe ya dị elu, nọdụ comfortably n'azụ wheel nwere ike ọ bụla ọkwọ ụgbọala nke ibu. Ọzọkwa - ọ bụ nanị mmepe na Union, na-enye ohere a onye na-ebili. Tinyere ihe ndị ọzọ innovations, ọ bụ ike mara a table, ngwa nju oyi, tile na ọbụna ntụ oyi.

anya

Ma elu tagzi bụghị naanị mpụga dị iche n'etiti ọhụrụ ụgbọ ala MAZ-2000. Odide ọzọ nwere ike na-akpọ "nhazigharị" na ndegharị, agba? N'akụkụ elu nke ihe okwuchi windo na-ekpuchi loading n'elu ikpo okwu.

E wezụga abụọ ndị a na iberibe na-adịgide adịgide anya nke igwe mgbe niile reworked. Karịsịa, ọ na-enye atọ nhọrọ:

1. Tinyere ala nke traction unit n'azụ overhang, kwesịrị iru eru red straipu. The n'azụ wheel na-aga na-etinye ji achọ ewere ndu na grille tinye na-ala nke eku, n'okpuru loading n'elu ikpo okwu.
2. Nke abụọ n'onwe chere lattice kwesịrị ekwesị na n'azụ wiil larịị. agba n'ọnyá echiche dochie anụnụ anụnụ.
3. N'ọnọdụ abụọ ahụ, na-headlamps e enịm na traction unit. Nke atọ n'onwe nwechapụ ime ka ha n'ihu ụlọ mgbidi, na kwukwara modul vents. Ọ bụ na nke a version nke ụgbọ ala wee gaa Paris Motor Gosi na 1988.

Uru na ọghọm

The echiche bụ isi bụ ịzụlite ohere wughachi igwe dị ka ụmụ si mmebe. Anyị kwesịrị a ụgbọala 20 tọn - otu traction unit na ụgbọala na-adọkpụ. Chọrọ 60 tọn - atọ traction modul arụ ọrụ synchronously, na, ya, atọ ụgbọala na-adọkpụ. Ka turu ime site engineer, a di na nwunye nke igwe ndị a nwere ike dochie a iri na abuo ọkọlọtọ.

Ọzọ plus bụ mma aerodynamics. Ihe bụ isi ihe nlereanya ike ịnọgide na-enwe a na-agba nke 120 km / h.

The uru na-agụnye onye na-abawanye na olu nke ahu. Nke a na-enweta tumadi site na iwepu nwụrụ anwụ mpaghara ẹdude n'etiti tagzi na ụgbọala na-adọkpụ nke a ot "saddler".

Na-enweghị ya drawbacks.

Firstly, ọhụrụ wheel usoro ụgbọala dị iche n'ihe niile na mbụ mara ọkwa. Eduga onye axis. Ntem, ọkọlọtọ version nwere ike na-akpọ a 6x2, ma ọ bụrụ na anyị nwere ihe elongated ụdị na traction nkeji, abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ?

The abụọ drawback bụ na engine bụ n'okpuru a ofu ịsa, nwere ike ike isi ike di ike.

Na, n'ikpeazụ, ọ dị mkpa a zuru ezu reworking nke akụrụngwa tupu launching nlereanya - n'ihi na nke ọhụrụ imewe na ụgbọala mmadụ jupụtara na ọnọdụ ẹdude ụzọ ga-abụ nnọọ mfịna.

Product nkọwapụta

Ebe ọ bụ na MAZ-2000 mere na-aga n'ime mmepụta, na-ekwu ihe kpọmkwem banyere oru kwa siri ike.

Speed esesịn a gosiri, na-agbakwụnye na GCW nwere ike ịbụ 33 40 tọn (naanị isi ikpe), na ogologo nke ibuo version - fọrọ nke nta 15 mita.

ugbu

Nke a ụgbọ ala mgbe wee banye mmepụta. Abụọ ibuo sample, 6x2 na 8x2 na-anakọtara. First biri ruo mgbe 2004, na mgbe e bee n'ime metal, nke abụọ guzo dị ka a ncheta na isi n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá nke osisi.

ọgwụgwụ

Truck MAZ-2000 "Perestroika" bụ obi ike na mkpebi nke Minsk injinia, nke ga-aga n'ime mmepụta, bụghị sluchts Union. The ụgbọ ala chere na ụgbọ ala nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu, ma ọ mkpebi a mgbe e mesịrị, ma eleghị anya, ọ ga-abụ oge.