Mmụba ike

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-atụkwasị obi na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị 'amụma, nke na-abụghị ogbara ohuru ego ga-ike agwụ na-abịanụ ọtụtụ iri afọ, ndị search maka isi mmalite ndị ọzọ nke ike mkpa ịmalite now. Ọ bụrụ na mgbawa ndị ziri ezi, mgbe ahụ, mmanụ bụ ezuru anyị 45-50 afọ, gas - 70-80 afọ, uranium - 100, coal, ikekwe 400 afọ. Alternative forms nke ike ga-mkpa maka mepere anya ndi mmadu ka ikuku. Ma nyere kpata ajọ mmetọ nke n'efu mmepụta nke dum planet dị ka a dum, na-enye mmadụ mmasị "dị ọcha" ume: anyanwụ radieshon, ifufe ike, geothermal ike, ike nke mmiri osimiri, tides, mmiri na ebili mmiri, gbasasịa okpomọkụ na mmiri na ikuku. Ndị a - mmeghari ma na-abụghị-emetọ.

Site n'ụzọ, akụ na ụba nwere nke ndị a ugboro abụọ kwa afọ nke nile dị na mmanu ndi mere onwe mmanụ taa. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-ewu a ifufe na mmụba ike, na-amụta na-anakọta ike, nke na-enye anyị anyanwụ, ọ bụ ike iji na-egbo choro na oriri ike niile gburugburu ụwa.

Taidal ike ike converted n'ime ọkụ eletrik ume nke tides. The mbụ dị otú ahụ ike osisi akwụ na Russia na Kamchatka (Pauzhetskaya). Ya ike - 5 MW.

N'ihi na ndị na-ewu nke ndị dị otú ahụ ike dị mkpa ọdọ mmiri (damming a osimiri ma ọ bụ mmiri e gbochiri egbochi n'ọnụ mmiri). The dam ga-arụnyere culverts oghere haịdrọlik turbines, n'usoro na generator.

Tobaim agụba ígwè ọrụ a na-agba gburugburu site eruba n'ime mmiri mmiri (mmiri). Turbines nwere ike svobodnostruynymi (ifịk) na naporostruynymi (reactive); site imewe - kwụ na vetikal. Ike nwere ike ịdị iche iche site iri puku kwuru iri ka ọtụtụ narị megawatts.

Olee otú mmụba ike? Na biakwa obibia nke elu tide mmiri aga n'ime ọdọ mmiri. Mgbe atụnyere mmiri larịị ke ọdọ mmiri na na oké osimiri e nwere a mechiri emechi bolt oghere wụrụ kọnkịrị. The tide na, ya, e nwere a ọnụ ke mmiri larịị ke oké osimiri. Ozugbo mmiri mgbali ga-ezu, na turbines agụnye generators, ruo mgbe ọdịda nke mmiri larịị nke ọdọ-miri.

Aku na uba na-apụtakarị iwu a mmụba ike ebe ebe mmụba oscillations anọ mita ma ọ bụ karịa. Design ike nke mmụba ike osisi adabere na mmụba nke ihe odide na ike na-ewu ebe na olu na ebe nke mmụba ọdọ mmiri, na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke arụnyere turbines.

Taidal ike bidirectional-arụ ọrụ, dị ka ya aha, ha kwetara na mmiri si n'oké osimiri na azụ. Na ndị ọzọ okwu, ha nwere ike na-amị ọkụ eletrik si 4 5 awa, na mgbe na-abịa a obere ezumike (hour ma ọ bụ abụọ), na ike osisi azụ n'ime ọrụ. Tobaim ọrụ oge nwere ike mụbara site upgrading mmadụ nje mmụba ike (e.g., ịba ụba ọnụ ọgụgụ nke efere). Otú ọ dị, mmejuputa iwu-a na oru ngo ga-eme a nnukwu ego.

Na niile mma akụkụ ndị a ike osisi ka nwere na ọghọm. Firstly, ha nwere ike na-wuru na n'ikperé oké osimiri na oké osimiri. Nke abụọ, na-arụ ọrụ intermittently. Nke atọ, na-adịghị ekwe ịzụlite elu ike. Ndien ke akpatre, ha na-adịghị kpamkpam environmentally mma, ebe ọ bụ na-egbochi ndị nkịtị mgbanwe nke ọhụrụ mmiri na nnu, si otú na-emetụta ndị fauna.

Otu n'ime ndị kasị echekwa na environmentally friendly ike osisi taa bụ ifufe ike, ma ọ bụ ifufe ike. N'ihi ya ọrụ na mkpa ifufe. Ugbua mepụtara variants na dị iche iche ike na, mmọdo, na dị iche iche ahịa (site $ 900 ka 23 500 USD). Otu bụ ezuru enye ọkụ eletrik a onwe ụlọ, ndị ọzọ nwere ike jiri nnukwu azụmahịa na residential ọrụ, osisi, ntụrụndụ emmepe, elu-ịrị elu hotels.