Ndị gburu Alexander 2 n'ihi gịnịkwa? Mgbe Alexander e gburu site 2?

The Emperor ridara na akụkọ ihe mere eme na epithet 'mgbapụta', rụrụ ọtụtụ narị afọ nrọ nke ndị mmadụ na-ekpochapụ serfdom, bụ a aja ndị mmadụ si na otu ndị mmadụ, na ịtụ nke ndụ nke ọ na-etinye ọtụtụ mgbalị. Ọnwụ ya na-ewelite ọtụtụ ajụjụ n'etiti akụkọ ihe mere eme. Anyị maara aha nke-eyi ọha egwu tụbara a bọmbụ, na o sina dị, nke ajụjụ bụ "Gịnị mere gburu Alexander 2? 'Ma ọ dịghị ihe doro anya azịza a ụbọchị.

Mgbanwe na ha pụta

State ọrụ Alexander 2 nwere ike na-eje ozi dị ka ihe atụ nke ama ilu "na-agafe na ezi ebumnobi ụzọ hell." Rịgoro n'ocheeze na afọ iri atọ na isii afọ, o mere a usoro nke buu mgbanwe. O jisiri mezue ọdachi Russia Crimea War, a na-emezughị olileanya na-adịghị nna ya - Nicholas I. kagbuo serfdom. Guzosie Ike conscription, ẹkenam mpaghara ọchịchị ma mee ikpe mgbanwe. Ke adianade do, o jisiri mitigate ndị nnyocha na ikwado njem ná mba ọzọ.

Otú ọ dị, n'ihi ya nile ezigbo mmalite, gụnyere ndị mere nke Russia ka a "oké mgbanwe", bụ impoverishment nke nkịtị, tọhapụrụ site ohu, ma ihe na-efunahụ ha isi oru - ụwa; Mbelata nke mbụ ha nwe - ma ama; nrụrụ aka, ekpuchi niile na ngalaba nke ndị ọchịchị, a usoro nke nzukọ mmejọ mba ọzọ amụma. O doro anya na, na Nchikota ihe ndị a niile ma na-achọ azịza nke ajụjụ nke mere e gburu Alexander 2.

Na mmalite nke a eriri nke ọgụ

Na Russian akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ ndị eze, bụ nke ga-adị otú ahụ anọgide na-emenyekarị nwaa igbu. Alexander 2 e mere isii mgbalị, ndị ikpeazụ nke nke gosipụtara egbu ya. Ọbụna tupu "Narodnaya Volya" - nzukọ ahụ gburu Alexander 2 - n'ụzọ zuru ezu kwuru ya adị, ndepụta nke-eyi ọha egwu meghere otu Dmitry Karakozov. April 4, 1866 (niile ụbọchị na-nyere na isiokwu, ọhụrụ style), ọ gbara Emperor, na-abịa nke si n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá nke Summer ubi na Neva mkpọda. The shot bụ ọma, na zọpụtara ndụ Alexander.

The ọzọ gbalịrị May 25, 1867 na Paris na Polish kwagara Anton Berezovsky. Nke a mere n'oge nleta nke ndị Emperor na Ụwa Fair. The shooter Agbaghara. Ya ihe ọ na mesịrị kọwaara abọ ọbọ Russian edidem maka ọbara suppression nke Polish nsogbu nke 1863.

Nke a sochiri agha April 14, 1879, akanamde lara ezumike nká collegiate assessor Aleksandrom Solovovym, akụkụ nke nzukọ "Land na Freedom". Ọ bụ ike na-ekiri maka Emperor na Obí Square n'oge ya na mbụ ije, nke na ọ rụrụ naanị na na-enweghị ihe nchebe. The ebibi mere ise gbaa, ma ihe niile na-enweghị isi.

The mpụta mbụ nke People

1 December nke otu afọ, ya mgbalị mbụ e mere site na People, bụ ndị gburu Alexander 2 afọ abụọ mgbe e mesịrị. Ha gbalịrị ịfụ eze okporo ígwè mgbe ya na-aga na Moscow. Gbochie na-aghọta atụmatụ anyị a ahụhụ n'ihi nke-afụ elu abụghị ihe ndị mejupụtara, na Emperor nọgidere bụla.

Na, n'ikpeazụ, a usoro nke na-emezughị mgbalị enwezu gbawara égbè eluigwe gbara February 17, 1880 na akpa n'ala nke Winter Obí. Ọ mere a so na nzukọ "Ndị mmadụ Will" Stepan Khalturin. Nke a bụ ihe ikpeazụ ikpe, mgbe akara aka nke Emperor ịzọpụta ndụ. Nke a oge Alexander 2 azọpụta site ọnwụ site lekwasịrị mbubreyo ke usen nri abalị, na ihe infernal igwe na-arụ ọrụ na ya na-anọghị. Ugbua a pụrụ iche ọchịchị ọrụ a họpụtara a izu mbuso iyi ọha egwu na-enwe iji na mba.

Blood na kanaal mkpọda

Na-egbu egbu na Emperor bụ March 13, 1881. On a ụbọchị, ọ, dị na mbụ, na-alọta site na a ịgba alụkwaghịm agha na Mikhailovsky Manege. Mgbe ịga na ụzọ ndị Grand Duchess Catherine Mikhailovna, Alexander wee na ụzọ ha, gara mkpọda nke Catherine Canal, ebe o cheere ka-eyi ọha egwu.

The aha nwoke bụ ndị gburu Alexander 2, ugbu a maara nke ọma niile. Nke a bụ a osisi, a na-amụrụ nke St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute Ignatius Grinevitsky. Ọ tụbara a bọmbụ sochiri enyi ya Nikolaem Rysakovym nwekwara metnuvshy infernal igwe, ma o nweghị isi. Mgbe mgbawa nke mbụ mebiri emebi Emperor wee si ahụ e ji ebu, Grinevitsky tụbara ya a bọmbụ n'okpuru ụkwụ ya. Gburu eze ukwu a kpọgara Winter Obí, ebe ọ nọ nwụọ enweghị nwetaghachiri.

ikpe mmegide

Na 1881, mgbe ọ na-gburu Alexander 2, ọrụ nke ala ọrụ, ọ bụ ezie na atugharị nyere echiche nke feverish ọrụ, Otú ọ dị, o yiri nnọọ iju. Historians nwere mere kwere na ọnwụ Alexander bụ n'ihi a izu ọjọọ nke ogige J.Randall, nke mbụ niile, obi na-ajọ-emesapụ mgbanwe ekenịmde eze ukwu ahụ, na abuo, na-atụ egwu ekwe omume nke a n'usoro ochichi.

Ke adianade do, nso nke kasị elu ozu gụnyere mbụ nwe ala onye furu efu ha serfs, ma si otú ahụhụ ịrịba losses. Ha nwere a doro anya ihe mere na-asị na akwa edidem. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-atụle ihe a n'akuku, o nwere ike ịbụ doro anya ihe mere gburu Alexander 2.

A iju omission Police Department

Department of uwe ojii na omume ime ka iwu dị mgbagwoju anya. Ọ maara na na oge bu ụzọ ogbugbu ọtụtụ akụkọ nke na-abịanụ agha, na ọbụna gosiri a kwere omume mgbakọ e natara. Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghị omume ọ na-adịghị agbaso. Ọzọkwa, mgbe ndị nche nke iwu ọ kọrọ na na Malaya Sadovaya - na ọ dị nso n'ebe ahụ ndị gburu Alexander 2 - mined ụzọ nke ya na o kwere omume ntụziaka, ha na-ejedebeghị naanị a cursory nnyocha nke ogige nke ọwara e duziri.

Ọ dịghị ihe na-ahụkarị (ma ọ bụ na-achọta ya na ọ dị mkpa na-achọpụta), ndị uwe ojii ekwe-eyi ọha egwu na-anọgide na-akwadebe ọgụ. O yiri ka onye na-ama ụma untied aka nke omempụ na-achọ iji ha na-ebu atụmatụ ha. The enyo bụ eziokwu na mgbe a ọdachi emewo, na eze ukwu ahụ, bụ ndị nwere n'obí dị ka a dị ike na mmegide na-arahụ, niile sonyere nke mgbu mmadu e jidere na-atụ n'anya rapidity. E nwere doro anya na uwe ojii maara kpọmkwem ihe nzukọ gburu Alexander 2.

nsogbu nke inwe

Ke adianade do, ajụjụ nke ndị gburu Alexander 2 (ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi karị, bụ ezi nhazi nke igbu ọchụ), tụlee na dynastic nsogbu ahụ malitere na ulo. Nwa ya na onye nketa ka ocheeze ahụ, ga-eme n'ọdịnihu eze ukwu Alexander III of, nwere ezi ihe mere ha na-atụ egwu maka ọdịnihu ha. The eziokwu na na mmalite nke afọ ahụ, mgbe ọ na-gburu Alexander 2, Eze Ukwu, sonso idi achọrọ ụbọchị iri anọ mgbe ọnwụ nke ya iwu kwadoro nwunye Maria Alexandrovna, lụọ ya mmasị adaeze Ekaterinoy Dolgorukovoy.

Nyere na nna ya ihe karịrị otu ugboro tupu gosipụtara ọchịchọ ya pụọ n'obí, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich pụrụ n'ụzọ dị mfe iche na okpueze enye akaduakde rue bụghị ya ma nwa onye a mụrụ ọhụrụ alụmdi na nwunye. Iji gbochie nke a nwere ike na ọnwụ mberede, ma nye ndị gara aga-anwa, ọ ga-ọ dịghị onye na-akpali enyo.

The mbụ na ndị nke oge a akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nzukọ-eyi ọha egwu

Onye gburu Tsar Alexander 2 (eyi ọha egwu Ignatius Grinevitsky), bụ onye òtù nke ala n'otu, "Narodnaya Volya". Ọ na-kweere na ọ bụ nke mbụ nke oge a akụkọ ihe mere eme nke na-eyi ọha egwu nzukọ. Ọ pụrụ iche nanị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị killings, nke hụrụ nanị kwe omume ụzọ ịgbanwe ẹdude usoro.

Ọ na-emi esịnede ndị nke kasị iche iche ndi nke ọha mmadụ. Ka ihe atụ, Sofia Perovskaya, ozugbo elekọta mgbu mmadu mgbalị na Catherine Canal, bụ a noblewoman, na ọbụna na nwa nwaanyị nke onye-isi nke St. Petersburg, na ya otu na-alụ, na obi nke onye ọ bụla Zhelyabov - abịa site a ezinụlọ serfs.

ikpe eze

Ebe họọrọ ụzọ nke oké ụjọ iji nweta na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ihe mgbaru ọsọ, ha nọ na-nzukọ mbụ e nwere na 1879, bụ nke e ji otu olu ikpe ọnwụ site Alexander 2 na ụdi afọ aku mmejuputa ya mkpebi. N'ihi na ha na ọ bụ ihe dị mkpa ibibi autocrat, n'agbanyeghị ebe ọ na-eme na ihe afọ. 2 gburu Alexander fanatics, bụghị schadivshie maka utopian revolutionary echiche ma ọ bụ ndụ ha, ọtụtụ obere ala ọzọ.

Otú ọ dị, na ọrịa na-fated spring ha nwere ezi ihe mere ọsọ ọsọ. The-eyi ọha egwu mara na March 14, a họpụtara nnwapụta nke n'usoro ochichi, na ike ka na-eme, n'ihi na, dị ka ha na mgbawa, doo nke ndị dị otú ahụ ihe dị mkpa mere eme na akwụkwọ nwere ike ibelata na-elekọta mmadụ erughị ala na mba na-anapụ ha nke na-alụ nke mba support. Ọ na-e kpebiri na ihe ọ bụla bụ igbu eze ozugbo o kwere omume.

Reassessment nke akụkọ ihe mere eme eme

The akụkọ aghọwo aha nwoke bụ ndị gburu Alexander 2, na-ahapụ ya ụkwụ infernal igwe, ma o siri ike na akụkọ ihe mere eme ga-enwe ike iji gosi na ndaba ma ọ bụ ọdịda-enyo enyo nke a na-etinye aka na izu ọjọọ nke ogige okirikiri na onye nketa ka ocheeze. Documents na ghọta na nke a nke bụ na e nweghị. Ọ na-kweere na initiators nke mgbu mmadu na ya rụsara ha arụrụala a na-eto eto, ndị na-ala n'otu nke "Narodnaya Volya".

N'oge Soviet oge niile na òtù na buso ndị autocracy, touted dị ka ọnụ na-ekwuru nke akụkọ ihe mere eme n'eziokwu. Ha omume na-agu n'onye ezi omume ọ sọkwara na onye ọbara wụsịrị. Ma ọ bụrụ na ajụjụ ịjụ taa: "Ònye bụ People, bụ ndị gburu Alexander 2 - omekome ma ọ bụ," ọtụtụ mgbe na azịza ya bụ ee.

Ncheta nke Tsar mgbapụta

History pụtara na ihe mgbaru ọsọ na-bụghị mgbe niile ziri ezi na-esi n'aka, na mgbe ụfọdụ agha a dị nnọọ akpata bụ n'etiti ndị omempụ. Ya mere, onye na-gburu Alexander 2, abụghị mpako nke Russia. Ya aha na-abụghị na-akpọ obodo n'okporo ámá nakwa n'ámá ọ na-wuru ncheta. On ajụjụ bụ ma, na ihe afọ e gburu Alexander 2, ga-aza ọtụtụ, ma aha nke na-egbu aha siri ike.

N'otu oge ahụ na ntụpọ ọnwụ nke gburu Emperor-mgbapụta wuru ụlọ nsọ dị ebube, popularly na-akpọ Onye Nzọpụta na wụfuru ọbara, na ọ ghọrọ onye na ebighi ncheta. N'oge afọ nke ekweghị na Chineke obscurantism ya nwara ugboro ugboro iri ala, ma onye ọ bụla oge na ike nke-adịghị ahụ anya n'aka Vandals gbochiri. Na-akpọ ya akara aka, ọ pụrụ ịbụ ndị mkpịsị aka Chineke, ma ebe nchekwa nke Alexander 2, agbaji n'agbụ nke serfdom, na ugbu a na-awa na gold domes, na ya na-egbu ọchụ mgbe esiwo n'ime ọchịchịrị nke akụkọ ihe mere eme.