N'ihi ihe Chernobyl nuclear ike osisi gbawara, mgbe? Ndị na-esi nke Chernobyl gbawara

The Chernobyl nuclear ike osisi ha. V. I. Lenina - Ukrainian NPP kwụsịrị ya ọrụ na njikọ na gbawara n'ebe Unit nọmba 4. Ya ewu malitere na opupu ihe ubi nke 1970, na mgbe 7 afọ, ọ na-etinye n'ime ọrụ. Site na 1986, na ebe gụnyere nke anọ nkanka, nke e dechara abụọ ọzọ. Mgbe Chernobyl nuclear ike osisi gbawara, ma ọ bụ kama, onye nke ngwa agha, ya ọrụ kwụsịrị. Ugbu a n'okpuru-ewu nke sarcophagus, nke ga-agwụ agwụ site 2015.

Description ojii

1970-1981 gg. - ma ugbu a, na isii nkeji, abụọ nke nwere oge na-agba ọsọ ruo 1986 n'ihi na obi jụrụ ndị turbines na okpomọkụ exchangers n'agbata osimiri Pripyat na Chernobyl nuclear ike osisi e wuru ejuputa na ọdọ mmiri e wuru.

Tupu mberede, ike na-amụba ebe bụ 6,000 MW. Ugbu a, na-arụ ọrụ bụ amalitekwa ịgbanwe Chernobyl nuclear ike osisi na environmentally mma ewu.

Malite nke ewu

Iji họrọ a kwesịrị ekwesị saịtị maka owuwu nke mbụ nuclear ike osisi imewe guzobe ememe na-enyocha Ukraine isi obodo Kyiv, Zhytomyr na Vinnytsia mpaghara. The kasị adaba ebe ahu bu ebe n'akụkụ aka nri nke na Pripyat River. The ala nke anya malitere ụlọ bụ-adịghị amị mkpụrụ, ma ihe ndị a chọrọ maka mmezi nke nuklia ike osisi bụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu-agbanwe agbanwe. Ebe a ka e mma site State Technical Commission nke USSR na Ukrainian Ministry of Energy.

February 1970 bụ mmalite nke na-ewu nke Pripyat. The obodo e kere kpọmkwem maka ike ụlọ ọrụ. Nke bụ eziokwu bụ na nke mbụ afọ nke ebe-ejere nwere ibi ndụ na ebe obibi na-akwụ ụgwọ ụlọ dị nso na obodo nta ka Chernobyl. Iji hụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ndị òtù ezinụlọ ha na Pripyat, wuru a dịgasị iche iche nke ụlọ ọrụ. N'ihi ya, na 16 afọ nke ịdị adị nke obodo ọ onwem na ihe nile dị mkpa maka ala ndụ nke ndị mmadụ.

okuku 1986

Night na 01:23 na April 26 1986 , ọ malitere a ule ngo turbogenerator 4th ike, n'ihi na ihe Chernobyl nuclear ike osisi gbawara. N'ihi ya, ụlọ ahụ dara, e karịa 30 ọkụ. The mbụ metụtara bụ ndị V. Hodemchuk - ọrụ nke mgbasa nfuli, na B. Shashenok - onye ọrụ nke nyere ụlọ ọrụ.

A nkeji e mesịrị, mgbe ihe mere na Chernobyl ọrụ Protection asian nke gbawaranụ. Ka anya dị ka omume na-ọkụ ojii rutere. Mkpochapu ndú a họpụtara V. Pravik. Site ya nkà omume ọ kwụsịrị mgbasa ọkụ.

Mgbe Chernobyl nuclear ike osisi gbawara, na gburugburu ebe obibi e mmeru site redioaktivu bekee dị ka:

- plutonium, uranium, ayodiin-131 (ọkara ndụ dịruru banyere 8 ụbọchị);

- cesium-134 (ọkara ndụ - 2 afọ);

- cesium-137 (17 na 30 afọ);

- strontium-90 (afọ 28).

The dum egwu nke ọdachi idu ke eziokwu na ndị bi na Pripyat, Chernobyl, nakwa dị ka ndị nke mbụ Soviet Union ruo ogologo oge zoro ezo, mere gbawara Chernobyl nuclear ike osisi na onye na-ata ụta.

mberede Source

April 25 4 nke chernobyl nwere na-mechie maka mgbe mmezi, ma kama kpebiri eduzi a ule. Ọ gụnyere ihe e kere eke nke ihe mberede idaha emi ebe ya onwe ya ga-merie nsogbu. Dị otú ahụ ikpe n'oge ahụ e nwere ndị na-ama anọ, ma, oge a ihe mebiri ...

The mbụ na isi ihe mere maka mgbawa nke Chernobyl nuclear ike osisi - a eleghara na unprofessional àgwà nke ndị ọrụ kwupụta ize ndụ nnwale. Ọrụ na-akwado ike ike nke 200 MW, nke mere ka onwe-nsi.

Dị ka ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dịghị ihe merenụ, bụ mkpara na-ele idaha, kama ịdọrọ akara mkpara si arụ ọrụ na pịa A3-5 - n'ihi na mberede na-egbu chernobyl. N'ihi nke arụghị ọrụ na Unit malite n'echeghị echiche ihe mkpalite, nke bụ ya mere gbawara Chernobyl nuclear ike osisi.

Na mgbede (gburugburu 20.00) na etiti ulo, e nwere kemgbe a ọzọ ufiop ọkụ. Iji imenyụ ọkụ ndị mmadụ n'oge a na-adịghị mmasị na ya. Ya tutu amama na-enyemaka nke helicopters.

N'ihi na ihe niile na oge, ma e wezụga n'ihi na ọkụ na osisi pesonel, banyere 600 puku. Ndị mmadụ nọ na abuana ke Ọrụ nnapụta.

N'ihi ihe gbawara Chernobyl nuclear ike osisi? E nwere ọtụtụ ihe mere na so mee ka nke a:

- na nnwale a ga-enwe n'oge ọ bụla na-eri, n'agbanyeghị nke mberede mgbanwe nke omume nke chernobyl;

- decommissioning nke nkà na ụzụ nchedo nke ndị ọrụ, nke ga-n'ịwa ike ịkwụsị na gbochie ihe mberede;

- silencing osisi management ọnụ ọgụgụ ọdachi, nakwa dị ka ihe ndị mere ruru nke Chernobyl nuclear ike osisi gbawara.

mmetụta

Dị ka a N'ihi nke na iwepu nsogbu nke mgbasa nke redioaktivu bekee site na 134 firefighters na ọrụ nke ebe mepụtara radieshon ọrịa, 28 n'ime ha nwụrụ n'ime a ọnwa mgbe mberede.

Ịrịba ama nke radieshon na vomiting na adịghị ike. Akpa, mbụ enyemaka sụgharịrị ọgwụ mkpara ọdụ, na mgbe na ndị ahụ tara na-gaa ụlọ ọgwụ na Moscow.

Na-eri nke ndụ ya rescuers e kweghị ka ọkụ ntughari ka nke atọ unit. N'ihi na nke a na-agbasa ọkụ izere agbata obi blocks. Ọ bụrụ na quenching bụghị a ịga nke ọma, a abụọ gbawara nwere ike gafere na ike nke mbụ 10 ugboro!

Mberede September 9, 1982

Ruo mgbe ụbọchị nke gbawara Chernobyl nuclear ike osisi, e dere na ikpe nke mbibi na Unit №1. N'oge ule ọsọ nke onye nke ngwa agha na ike nke 700 MW mere a ụdị mgbawa nke mmanụ ụgbọala nzukọ a na ọwa № 62-44. Nke a rụpụtara na deformation nke graphite tojupụtara na ntọhapụ nke nnukwu quantities nke redioaktivu bekee.

N'ịkọwa ihe mere Chernobyl nuclear ike osisi gbawara na 1982, bụ ndị na-esonụ:

- oké imebi nke shop nkpa ụkpụrụ nke mmiri na ọwa;

- fọduru nke esịtidem nchegbu n'ime mgbidi nke ọwa nke zirconium tube, n'ihi mgbanwe technology osisi nke na-emepụta ya.

The Government nke Soviet Union, dị ka na mbụ, kpebiri na ya agaghị na-agwa ndị bi na nke mba ahụ, ihe mere Chernobyl nuclear ike osisi gbawara. Photos of mbụ mberede nwụrụ. Ọ bụ ọbụna ekwe omume na ọ dịghị mgbe adị.

nnọchiteanya ojii

Mgbe e mesịrị na isiokwu aha ọrụ na ọnọdụ ẹkenịmde ke iso, n'oge na mgbe ọdachi. A director nke ebe ke 1986 bụ Bryuhanov Viktor Petrovich. Ọnwa abụọ gasịrị, manịja ghọrọ Pozdyshev EN

Sorokin nm e-arụ ọrụ engineer osote onye maka oge 1987-1994 gg. Gramotkin II si 1988 na 1995, na-eje ozi dị ka onyeisi nke chernobyl shop. Ugbu a, ọ bụ ya bụ CEO nke SSE "Chornobyl NPP".

Dyatlov Anatoliy Stepanovich - osote onye isi engineer maka arụmọrụ na otu n'ime ndị na-ahụ maka ihe mberede. Ihe kpatara nke mgbawa nke Chernobyl nuclear ike osisi bụ na-akpa àgwà a dị ize ndụ nnwale nke dugara a akpan akpan engineer.

mwepu na mpaghara bụ ugbu a

Ahụhụ eto eto Pripyat taa na-mmeru site redioaktivu bekee. Ha na-aga na-akacha na ala, ụlọ, trenches, na ndị ọzọ na recesses. The obodo nke ẹdude ụlọ ọrụ bụ nanị ebe mmiri fluoridation, a pụrụ iche na-asa ákwà ụlọ, ụgbọala na PPC ad. Mgbe mberede, Pripyat, oddly ezu, na-efu ndị obodo ọnọdụ.

Na Chernobyl ọnọdụ dị nnọọ iche. Ọ bụ nchebe maka ndụ, e nwere ndị na-elekọta ebe, na-akpọ ụlọ mkpakara. Town taa - bụ ndutịm mwepu mpaghara management center. Chernobyl ụtụtụ n'onwe ya na enterprise na-akwado ndị gbara ya gburugburu ebe na environmentally-mma ọnọdụ. Stabilization nke ọnọdụ idu ke akara nke radionuclides na osimiri Pripyat na airspace. Obodo bụ pesonel nke Ministry nke esịtidem Affairs, nke bụ maka nchedo mwepu na mpaghara si illegal intrusion.