Ngụkọta oge nke okpomọkụ Exchanger: ihe nlereanya. Ngụkọta oge nke ebe, ike nke okpomọkụ Exchanger

Ngụkọta oge nke okpomọkụ Exchanger ugbu a na-ewe ihe na-erughị nkeji ise. Ihe ọ bụla nzukọ na-arụpụta na akanyam dị otú ahụ akụrụngwa na-emekarị na-enye onye ọ bụla nke aka ha mbanye mmemme. Ọ nwere ike ibudata n'efu si ụlọ ọrụ website ma ọ bụ ha ẹkesikpede ga-abịa gị ụlọ ọrụ na wụnye ya maka free. Otú ọ dị, dị ka a n'ihi nke ndị dị otú ahụ mgbawa ziri ezi, anyị pụrụ ịtụkwasị ya obi na-adịghị na-nkọ ma ọ bụrụ na emeputa site na-alụ ọgụ na obi na ya na-aka? Ịlele electronic mgbako na-achọ ihe ọmụma ma ọ dịkarịa ala na nghọta nke oge a na ụzọ nke ngụkọta oge nke okpomọkụ exchangers. Ka anyị na-agbalị idozi nkọwa.

Gịnị bụ a okpomọkụ Exchanger

Tupu na-arụ na ngụkọta oge nke okpomọkụ Exchanger, ka anyị na-echeta, na ihe ụdị ndị dị otú ahụ a na ngwaọrụ? Teplomassoobmennyh ngwa (aka okpomọkụ Exchanger, makwaara dị ka okpomọkụ mgbanwe ngwa ma ọ bụ TOA) - a ngwaọrụ nyefe nke okpomọkụ si otu coolant ọzọ. Na usoro ndị coolant okpomọkụ mgbanwe nwekwara ike ịgbanwe ha njupụta na, ya, uka indices bekee. Ọ bụ ya mere ndị dị otú ahụ Filiks na-ezo dị ka okpomọkụ na uka nyefe.

ụdị okpomọkụ nyefe

Ugbu a, ka ikwu banyere okpomọkụ nyefe ụdị - na e nwere nanị atọ. Radieshon - nyefe nke okpomọkụ site radieshon. Dị ka ihe atụ, anyị nwere ike icheta sunbathing na osimiri na a na-ekpo ọkụ n'oge okpomọkụ ụbọchị. Na ọbụna ndị a okpomọkụ exchangers nwere ike dị na ahịa (tube ikuku heaters). Otú ọ dị, ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ihi na n'ụlọ kpo oku, ụlọ na ulo anyị na-azụta mmanụ ma ọ bụ electric kpo oku. Nke a bụ ihe atụ nke ọzọ ụdị okpomọkụ nyefe - convection. Convection bụ eke, ịsụ (wepụ, na na igbe ga Exchanger) ma ọ bụ na n'ibu mbanye (na a na-akwado, n'ihi na ihe atụ). Nke ikpeazụ ụdị bụ ihe ndị ọzọ dị irè.

Otú ọ dị, ihe ndị kasị dị irè usoro okpomọkụ nyefe - bụ thermal conductivity, ma ọ bụ, dị ka ọ na-akpọ, conduction (conduction of English -. "Conductivity"). Ọ bụla engineer onye na-aga jide thermal imewe nke okpomọkụ Exchanger, nke mbụ na-eche banyere otú ịhọrọ oru oma akụrụngwa na a kacha nta nke ohere. Na na ọ ejisie ike mezuo nke a bụ site conduction. Otu ihe atụ nke a bụ ihe kasị dị irè ka ụbọchị TOA - efere okpomọkụ exchangers. Efere TOA site definition - a okpomọkụ Exchanger na Nyefe okpomọkụ si coolant ọzọ otù site a mgbidi kewara ha. The kacha ekwe omume kọntaktị ebe n'etiti abụọ ase ọnụ na ezi họrọ ihe, na ha profaịlụ efere ọkpụrụkpụ akụkụ họrọ iwelata hardware mgbe echebekwa mbụ oru e ji mara chọrọ na usoro.

ụdị okpomọkụ exchangers

Tupu ị mepụta ngụkọta oge nke okpomọkụ Exchanger kpebisiri ike na site na ya ụdị. All TOA nwere ike kewara abụọ isi iche iche: recuperative na regenerative okpomọkụ exchangers. Isi ihe dị iche therebetween bụ dị ka ndị a: na TOA recuperative okpomọkụ mgbanwe na-ewe ebe site na mgbidi kewara abụọ okpomọkụ na-ajụ, na-abịa na kọntaktị na onye ọ bụla ọzọ na abụọ regenerative media, mgbe mgbe, na-achọ ụdi Ịgwakọta na nkewa na pụrụ iche separators. Regenerative okpomọkụ exchangers na-ekewa n'ime okpomọkụ exchangers na agwakọta a nozulu (anyịnya merenụ ma ọ bụ n'etiti). Olee ihe enyemaka na-ekwu okwu, a ịwụ nke mmiri ọkụ, na-etinye elu na oyi na-atụ, ma ọ bụ otu iko na-ekpo ọkụ tii, etinye mma na friji (mgbe na-adịghị eme!) - nke a bụ ihe atụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ Ịgwakọta TOA. A agbapụtara tii saucer na obi jụrụ ndị ya otú anyị ga-esi otu ihe atụ nke a regenerative okpomọkụ Exchanger na nozulu (saucer, na ihe atụ a na-arụ na nozulu akụkụ), nke a na mbụ ahụ kpọtụụrụ na ihere ikuku na-ewe ya okpomọkụ, na mgbe ahụ na-ahọrọ ndị nke okpomọkụ nke wụsara n'ime ya nke na-ekpo ọkụ tii na-achọ ma media-edu ndú ka thermal ịha mode. Otú ọ dị, dị ka anyị na-ama hụrụ ihe oru oma eji nke thermal conductivity nyefee okpomọkụ si onye na-ajụ ọzọ, ya mere, ihe bara uru na okwu nke okpomọkụ nyefe (na ọtụtụ-eji) TOA taa - N'ezie, recuperative.

Kwes na bughi ngụkọta oge

Ọ bụla ngụkọta oge nke regenerative okpomọkụ Exchanger nwere ike dabere na ya pụta nke thermal, haịdrọlik na ike mgbawa. Ha bụ isi, oké mkpa maka imewe nke ọhụrụ na ngwá ọrụ bụ ihe ndabere maka ịgbakọ ụdi ụdị nke otu ụdị nke ngwaọrụ akara. The isi ọrụ nke thermal TOA ngụkọta oge bụ iji chọpụta achọrọ okpomọkụ mgbanwe n'elu ebe maka anụ ọrụ nke okpomọkụ Exchanger na ịnọgide na-achọrọ afọ nke media tinyekwa. Ọtụtụ mgbe ndị dị otú ahụ mgbawa injinia na-nyere aka ike ụkpụrụ nke arọ na size e ji mara nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu na ngwá (ihe onwunwe, dayameta akpa, efere, akụkụ, doo jiometrị, ụdị na ihe onwunwe finning et al.), Otú ọ dị mgbe okpomọkụ na a mụụrụ constructive ngụkọta oge Exchanger. Mgbe niile, ma ọ bụrụ na nzọụkwụ mbụ engineer atụle mkpa n'elu ebe n'ihi na a nyere n'obosara anwụrụ, n'ihi na ihe atụ, 60 mm, na ogologo nke okpomọkụ Exchanger si otú ahụ banyere iri isii mita, ọ bụ ihe ezi uche dị na ya iche na mgbanwe multistage okpomọkụ Exchanger ma ọ bụ tube ùkwù ụdị, ma ọ bụ dịkwuo dayameta nke akpa.

haịdrọlik ngụkọta oge

Hydraulic ma ọ bụ hydro-n'ibu na aerodynamic mgbawa rụrụ aka ịmata na-ebuli haịdrọlik (aerodynamic) mgbali ọnwụ na okpomọkụ Exchanger, na gbakọọ oriri ike merie ha. Ngụkọta oge nke ọ bụla ụzọ, ọwa ma ọ bụ anwụrụ maka kpo oku na-ajụ Itie abịakwute ụmụ mmadụ bụ isi ọrụ - nditetịm okpomọkụ mgbanwe usoro na saịtị. Nke ahụ bụ, otu usoro ga-agabiga, na ndị ọzọ dị na dị ka ọtụtụ okpomọkụ na a kacha nta nkeji nke ya N'ezie. Nke a na-emetụta ndị ọzọ okpomọkụ mgbanwe elu n'ụdị nku azu na-ebupụta mepụtara (maka nkewa nke ókè laminar sublayer ma welie eruba ịgbā). Ezigbo itule mmekọrita na haịdrọlik losses, ebe nke okpomọkụ mgbanwe elu elu, ibu na size àgwà, na napụrụ okpomọkụ mmepụta bụ n'ihi na nchịkọta thermal, haịdrọlik na constructive TOA ngụkọta oge.

ịlele ngụkọta oge

Nkwenye nke okpomọkụ Exchanger a rụrụ n'ihe ebe ọ dị mkpa iji osụhọde a ike idobere nke ọ bụla okpomọkụ mgbanwe n'elu ebe. The elu nke idobere dị iche iche ihe na dị iche iche ọnọdụ, ma ọ bụrụ na otú chọrọ site okwu nke akwụkwọ, ma ọ bụrụ na emeputa kpebie iji mee ka onye ọzọ oke na-kpọmkwem n'aka na a okpomọkụ ga-wepụtara na-ekwe ka ọchịchị, na-ebelata njehie na calculations. Mgbe ụfọdụ, obi abụọ na-achọrọ maka ịchịkọta bughi akụkụ ya pụta na ndị ọzọ (evaporators, economizers) na ngụkọta oge nke ikike nke okpomọkụ Exchanger akpan ẹkenam oke elu na Compressor mmanụ ofufe ugbu ke friji circuit. Ee, na ogbenye mmiri àgwà ga-sonye na akaụntụ. Mgbe mgbe, ndị ezigbo ọrụ nke okpomọkụ exchangers, karịsịa na okpomọkụ, na scum emen n'elu okpomọkụ mgbanwe ngwa, mbenata okpomọkụ nyefe ọnụọgụ, na-apụghị izere ezere na-eduga na a gụnyere ya ná parasitic okpomọkụ takeoff. Ya mere eru engineer, a ngụkọta oge nke okpomọkụ Exchanger "mmiri-mmiri", na-akwụ pụrụ iche anya ka ndị ọzọ na idobere nke okpomọkụ mgbanwe n'elu. Ịlele ngụkọta oge na-anọ na iji hụ otú ngwá họọrọ ga-arụ ọrụ na ndị ọzọ, nke abụọ ụdịdị. Ihe atụ, na Central ikuku conditioners (ikuku-ọkọnọ nrụnye) heaters maka mbụ na nke abụọ kpo oku na-eji na oyi na-atụ oge, ma na-na-agụnye okpomọkụ ka obi jụrụ ọkọnọ ikuku nri mmiri oyi n'ime ikuku okpomọkụ Exchanger tube. Olee otú ha ga na-arụ ọrụ na ihe ga-enye kwa inwale ihe ji ngụkọta oge.

research atụmatụ

Research TOA mgbawa rụrụ na ndabere nke na-arụpụta nke thermal ngụkọta oge na nkwenye. Ha dị mkpa, dị ka a na-achị, na-eme ka ọhụrụ mmegharị Ọdịdị nke ahụ e mere ngwaọrụ. Ha na-rụrụ iji gbazie ọ bụla arụmarụ na-tọgbọrọ ngụkọta oge nlereanya emejuputa TOA nwetara empirically (maka ibuo data). Ịrụ research agụnye a ngụkọta oge nke iri puku kwuru iri na mgbe ụfọdụ ọtụtụ narị mgbawa site a pụrụ iche atụmatụ, mepụtara na-emejuputa atumatu na mmepụta dị ka mgbakọ na mwepụ ozizi imewe nke nwere. Dị ka ihe na-ekpughe mmetụta dị iche iche na ọnọdụ na anụ ahụ quantities na arụmọrụ egosi TOA.

ọzọ calculations

Ngụkọta oge nke okpomọkụ Exchanger ebe, echefukwala banyere ndị na-eguzogide ihe. Ike mgbawa TOA-agụnye ile atumatu unit maka voltaji, torsional nkekọ kacha allowable arụ ọrụ oge zuru ezu na ọnụ nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu nke okpomọkụ Exchanger. Na di ntakiri akụkụ nke ngwaahịa kwesịrị isi ike, mụ na hụ na mma ọrụ dị iche iche, ọbụna ndị kasị ikike ọnọdụ.

Dynamic ngụkọta oge a rụrụ iji chọpụta dị iche iche e ji mara nke okpomọkụ Exchanger na agbanwe ọrụ ụdịdị.

Ụdị okpomọkụ Exchanger imewe

Recuperative TOA na imewe nwere ike kere n'ime a zuru ezu ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke iche iche. The kasị mara na ọtụtụ-eji - a efere okpomọkụ Exchanger, ikuku (Finned tube), shei na tube okpomọkụ exchangers "anwụrụ na anwụrụ", shei-and-efere, na ndị ọzọ. E nwere ihe ọzọ ukwuu pụrụ iche na osisi na ụdị, e.g., gburugburu (cochlea-Exchanger) ma ọ bụ na-akpụcha, nke na-arụ ọrụ na viscous ma ọ bụ ndị na-abụghị Newtonian oke mmiri, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na ụdị.

Okpomọkụ Exchanger "tube na tube"

Tụlee mfe ngụkọta oge nke okpomọkụ Exchanger "tube na tube". Structurally, ụdị TOA na-maximally mfe. N'oge malite n'ime tube ngwa, na-emekarị na-ekpo ọkụ okpomọkụ nyefe ọmụmụ iwelata weere, na n'ime ụlọ ma ọ bụ n'ime na elu tube, na coolant obi jụrụ ọsọ. Engineer Task na nke a na-ebelata ka mkpebi siri ike nke ogologo nke okpomọkụ Exchanger na ndabere nke gbakọọ okpomọkụ mgbanwe n'elu ebe na gaghị agara diameters.

Ọ bụ uru na-agbakwụnye na na thermodynamics ewebata echiche nke ihe ezigbo okpomọkụ Exchanger, nke ahụ bụ nke na-enweghị nsọtụ ogologo unit, ebe coolants na-arụ ọrụ na counter, na n'etiti n'ụzọ zuru ezu triggered okpomọkụ dị iche. The imewe "anwụrụ na anwụrụ" ezigbo osobo ndị a chọrọ. Ma ọ bụrụ na na-agba ọsọ countercurrent okpomọkụ nyefe oke mmiri, ọ ga-abụ a na-akpọ "counter-ezigbo" (dị ka megide cross-dị ka efere TOA). Okpomọkụ mgbali n'ụzọ kasị dị irè triggered mgbe a na okporo ụzọ nzukọ. Otú ọ dị, na-arụ a "anwụrụ na anwụrụ" ngụkọta oge nke okpomọkụ Exchanger kwesịrị ezi uche na ghara ichefu banyere lọjistik akụrụngwa, nakwa dị ka udo nke echichi. evrofury ogologo - 13.5 m, na ọ bụghị ihe niile oru ụlọ ọrụ na-emegharị ka skid na echichi nke ngwá ndị dị otú ahụ ogologo.

Shell na tube okpomọkụ exchangers

Ya mere, ọ bụ akụkụ nke ngụkọta oge nke ndị dị otú ahụ a na ngwaọrụ were were aga n'ime ngụkọta oge nke shei na tube okpomọkụ Exchanger. Nke a ngwa, nke na-tube ùkwù bụ na a otu ikpe (casing), saa site dị iche iche coolants, dabere na ebe akụrụngwa. Na capacitors, ihe atụ, na-agba na refrigerant jaket, na mmiri - na a tube. Na usoro a nke okporo ụzọ gburugburu mfe ọzọ ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma na-achịkwa ime ihe nke unit. Na evaporators, ọzọ, ihe refrigerant Juda na akpa na ha na-na-asa na mma mmiri mmiri (mmiri, brines, glycols, wdg). Ya mere, na ngụkọta oge-tube okpomọkụ Exchanger na-ebelata ebelata ngwá size. Na-egwuri egwu na dayameta nke casing, na dayameta na nọmba na ogologo nke ime-ime ọkpọkọ ngwa engineer abatakwa gbakọrọ uru nke okpomọkụ mgbanwe n'elu ebe.

ikuku okpomọkụ exchangers

Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị nnọọ okpomọkụ exchangers - a finned tube okpomọkụ exchangers. Ha na-akpọ coils. Ebe ha na-abụghị nanị na gbanwee sitere na site fancoils (si English. Fan + eriri igwe, i.e., "onye ofufe" + "eriri igwe") na esịtidem nkanka kewaa systems ka ibu flue gas recuperator (nhọrọ nke okpomọkụ si na-ekpo ọkụ flue gas na nyefe ya maka kpo oku) na boilers na CHP. Ọ bụ ya mere na ngụkọta oge nke eriri igwe Exchanger na-adabere na ngwa, ebe okpomọkụ na-aga n'ime ọrụ. Industrial ikuku Coolers (VOPy) arụnyere n'ime-ulo nile ujo-friji anụ, na friza na ala okpomọkụ na ihe ndị ọzọ nke na nri na friji, na-achọ ụfọdụ bughi atụmatụ ha imewe. Anya n'etiti lamella (nku azu) ga-maximized dịkwuo oge nke-aga n'ihu ime n'etiti defrost cycles. Vaporizers maka DCs (data center), na Kama nke ahụ, na-eme ka o kwere omume a ọzọ kọmpat clamping mezhlamelnye anya ka a kacha nta. Ndị dị otú ahụ okpomọkụ exchangers na-arụ ọrụ na "dị ọcha mpaghara", gbara ya gburugburu a mma nyo (ruo HEPA ọkwa) Otú ọ dị, nke a ngụkọta oge a rụrụ nke tubular okpomọkụ Exchanger onye mesiri ike na n'ibelata n'ozuzu akụkụ.

efere okpomọkụ exchangers

Ugbu mụ ina efere okpomọkụ exchangers. Dị ka ya constructive imewe, ha n'ụzọ zuru ezu gasketed na ọkara welded, na mednopayanymi nikelpayanymi, welded na brazed mgbasa usoro (na-enweghị solder). Kwes imewe nke efere okpomọkụ Exchanger bụ ya zuru ezu mgbanwe, na karịsịa siri ike engineer. The nhọrọ usoro nwere ike igwu ụdị efere, miri ọwa-akpụ, nku azu ụdị, ígwè ọkpụrụkpụ, dị iche iche ihe na, ọtụtụ ihe - ọtụtụ ọkọlọtọ size ụdị nke ngwaọrụ nke dị iche iche nha. Ndị dị otú ahụ okpomọkụ exchangers ndị dị ala na mbara (maka uzuoku kpo oku nke mmiri) ma ọ bụ elu na warara (nkewa okpomọkụ exchangers maka ikuku-oyi usoro). Ha na-eji, na a na-ajụ na a na-adọ mgbanwe, ntụgharị dị ka condensers, evaporators, uzuoku Coolers, predkondensatorov na na. D. Igosi thermal imewe nke okpomọkụ Exchanger arụ ọrụ na a biphasic ụkpụrụ, a obere ike karịa okpomọkụ Exchanger nke "mmiri mmiri-mmiri mmiri", ma n'ihi ahụmahụ engineer nsogbu a bụ solvable na bụghị karịsịa ike. Iji ikwado a mgbawa oge a engineering emepụta iji kọmputa nchekwa data, ebe ị pụrụ ịchọta a otutu ozi ndị dị mkpa, gụnyere na-adọ esereese nke ọ bụla refrigerant ọ bụla streak mode, n'ihi na ihe atụ, a mmemme CoolPack.

Ngụkọta oge Nlereanya Exchanger

Ebumnuche bụ isi nke ngụkọta bụ iji tọọ mpaghara achọrọ maka ikpo ọkụ ọkụ. A na-ekwupụtakarị ike na-arụ ọrụ na teknụzụ, ma n'omume anyị, anyị ga-agbakọ ya maka, sịnụ, nyochaa nkọwa nhazi ahụ. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na - eme ma ka ihe ndekọ mbụ wee zoohie. Otu n'ime ọrụ nke onye injinia nwere ike ịchọta ma dezie ndudue a. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, anyị nwere ike gbakọọ ụdị onye na-ekpo ọkụ okpomọkụ nke ụdị mmiri mmiri mmiri. Mee ka ọ bụrụ onye na-akụda ihe na ụlọ elu. Iji mee ka ngwá ọrụ nrụgide kwụsị, a na-ejikarị usoro a eme ihe na nwube nke ndị na-agba ákwà. N'akụkụ otu nke onye na-ere ọkụ ọkụ, anyị nwere mmiri nwere okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ nke Твх1 = 14 ᵒ na njedebe Тvy1 = 9 ᵒ, na ọnụego ọnụego G1 = 14,500 kg / h, na nke ọzọ - yana mmiri, ma ọ bụ naanị na njedebe ndị dị otú ahụ: Твх2 = 8 СС, Тvy2 = 12 G, G2 = 18,125 n'arọ / h.

Anyị na-agụta ike achọrọ (Q0) site na nhazi usoro okpomọkụ (lee ọnụ ọgụgụ dị n'elu, usoro 7.1), ebe Cp bụ ezigbo okpomọkụ (uru tabular). Maka nkedo nke ntụgharị, ka anyị were ike ike okpomọkụ Cp = 4.187 [kJ / kg * ᵒC]. Anyị na-atụle:

Q1 = 14,500 * (14 - 9) * 4.187 = 303557.5 [kJ / h] = 84321.53 W = 84.3 kW - n'akụkụ mbụ na

Q2 = 18 125 * (12 - 8) * 4.187 = 303557.5 [kJ / h] = 84321.53 W = 84.3 kW - n'akụkụ nke abụọ.

Rịba ama na, dị ka usoro (7.1), Q0 = Q1 = Q2, n'agbanyeghị akụkụ nke ngụkọta.

Ọzọkwa, na isi okpomọkụ nyefe akụkụ (7.2), anyị na-ahụ ndị dị mkpa n'elu ebe (7.2.1), ebe k - okpomọkụ nyefe ọnụọgụ (chere hà 6350 [W / ^m2]), na ΔTsr.log. - ọnụ ọgụgụ isi logarithmic okpomọkụ, gbakọọ dị ka usoro (7.3):

ΔT avglog. = (2 - 1) / ln (2/1) = 1 / ln2 = 1 / 0.69131 = 1.4428;

F bụ = 84321/6350 * 1.4428 = 9.2 m ^2.

N'ọnọdụ ebe a na-amaghị ọnụọgụ ọkụ, ọnụọgụ nke onye na-ekpo ọkụ ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ bụ ntakịrị ihe mgbagwoju anya. Formula (7.4) na-ahụta Reynolds nọmba ebe ρ - njupụta [kg / ^m3], η - ike viscosity, [N * s / m ^2], v - ike ọsọ nke ọkara na duct [m / s], d cm - mpempe akwụkwọ na-acha ọbara ọbara [m].

Site na tebụl anyị na-ahụ uru bara uru nke Prandtl criterion [Pr] na site na usoro (7.5) anyị na-enweta nusselt criterion, ebe n = 0.4 - n'okpuru ọnọdụ ọkụ ọkụ, na n = 0.3 - n'okpuru ọnọdụ mmiri jụrụ oyi.

Mgbe ahụ, dịka usoro ahụ (7.6) si kwuo, ọnụọgụ ọkụ na-agbanwe ọnụọgụ site na nke ọ bụla n'ime mgbidi na-agbakọ, site na usoro (7.7) anyị na-atụle ọnụọgụ ọkụ, nke anyị na-atụnye n'ime usoro (7.2.1) maka ịgbakọ mpaghara ebe ikpo ọkụ ọkụ.

N'ime usoro ndị a, λ bụ ọnụọgụ nke nrụpụta nke okpomọkụ, ϭ bụ ude nke mgbidi ọwa, α1 na α2 bụ ọkụ na-ebufe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na nke ọ bụla n'ime ọkụ na-ebu na mgbidi.