Nhazi ọkwa nke chemical Jeremaya mere

A chemical mmeghachi omume bụ usoro nke mgbanwe nke bekee, n'oge nke oge e nwere mgbanwe na ha mebere atumatu ma ọ bụ mejupụtara. Dị ka a N'ihi nke a usoro a mgbanwe na-amalite ihe ma ọ bụ reagents n'ime ikpeazụ ngwaahịa. Taa kpụrụ a doro nnọọ anya nhazi ọkwa nke chemical Jeremaya mere.

Description Jeremaya mere iji arụmarụ. Ịrịba ama nke chemical Jeremaya mere

E nwere ọtụtụ classifications, ọ bụla nke na-sonye na akaụntụ otu ma ọ bụ karịa atụmatụ. Dị ka ihe atụ, chemical Jeremaya mere nwere ike iche iche site na-aṅa ntị:

• nke ukwu na mejupụtara nke reactants na nke ikpeazụ ngwaahịa;
• ala nke aggregation nke mbụ na nke ikpeazụ bekee (gas, mmiri mmiri, siri ike n'ụdị);
• nọmba nke n'ụzọ;
• ọdịdị nke ahụ nke na-agafere n'oge mmeghachi omume (ion, elektrọn);
• thermal mmetụta;
• ịsọ agbara direction mmeghachi omume.

Ọ ga-kwuru na chemical Jeremaya mere na-na-e dere iji formulas na arụmarụ. The n'aka ekpe nke akụkụ-akọwa ihe ndị mejupụtara nke reactants na odidi nke ha na mmekọrịta, na n'akụkụ aka nri ị pụrụ ịhụ ikpeazụ ngwaahịa. Ọzọ dị nnọọ mkpa mgbe - ọnụ ọgụgụ nke atọm nke onye ọ bụla mmewere na nri na n'aka ekpe hara. Naanị otú a ọ na-hụrụ iwu nche-kwa nke uka.

Dị ka ekwuola, e nwere ọtụtụ classifications. Ọ ga-atụle ndị akacha eji.

Nhazi ọkwa nke chemical Jeremaya mere na ihe ndị mejupụtara, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mbụ na nke ikpeazụ ngwaahịa

Jeremaya mere, nke onyinye: ha ga ọzọ bekee nke ikpokọta na-etolite a ihe mgbagwoju umi. N'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu, a na mmeghachi omume na-esonyere ntọhapụ nke okpomọkụ.

Decomposition Jeremaya mere: mbụ reactant bụ a mgbagwoju compound nke Nleta na usoro nke ida dịtụ mfe bekee. Omume dị otú ahụ nwere ike ịbụ ma redox na ime enweghị na-agbanwe agbanwe valence.

Nnọchi Jeremaya mere - anọchi anya interactions n'etiti mgbagwoju na mfe umi. Na usoro nke nnọchi nke ọ bụla atọm nke a compound. Schematically, mmeghachi omume nwere ike owụt dị ka:

A = AB + BC + C

metathesis - a usoro n'oge nke abụọ reactant faili ntanetịime gbanwere n'etiti akụrụngwa akụkụ. Dị ka ihe atụ:

AB + CD = AD + CB

nyefe Jeremaya mere - na-ji na-ebufe atọm ma ọ bụ ìgwè nke atọm si otu umi ọzọ.

Nhazi ọkwa nke chemical Jeremaya mere: reversible na irreversible Filiks

Ihe ọzọ dị mkpa e ji mara ndị mmeghachi omume - ọ bụ ohere na-agbanwe usoro.

Ya mere na-akpọ reversible dị otú ahụ mmeghachi omume ngwaahịa nke nwere ike emekọ na onye ọ bụla ọzọ, akpụ otu amalite ihe. A, nke a mma ga-abụrụ na-egosi na akụkụ. Na nke a, n'aka ekpe na nri akụkụ nke akụkụ-etinye abụọ na-emegiderịta akụ.

Mgbe ihe irreversible chemical mmeghachi omume ngwaahịa ọ bụghị ike na-eme onye ọ bụla ọzọ - dịkarịa ala n'okpuru nkịtị ọnọdụ.

Nhazi ọkwa nke chemical Jeremaya mere na thermal mmetụta

Thermochemical mmeghachi omume a na-kewara abụọ isi iche iche:

• exothermic Filiks, n'oge nke e nwere okpomọkụ dissipation (ike);
• endothermic Filiks, nke na-achọ mpụga ike absorption.

Nhazi ọkwa nke chemical Jeremaya mere na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke n'ụzọ na-adọ na-apụta

Dị ka ekwuola, na ala nke aggregation nke ndị bekee bụkwa nke dị oké mkpa maka full arụmọrụ nke chemical Jeremaya mere. On a mgbakwasị na-emekarị dị iche:

• mmeghachi omume gas;
• Jeremaya mere na ihe;
• chemical Filiks n'etiti solids.

Ma mbụ na nke ikpeazụ ngwaahịa ọ bụghị mgbe niile na-ezo aka onye ọ bụla n'ime ala nke aggregation. Ya mere, Jeremaya mere na-nkewa dabeere na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke n'ụzọ:

• otu-adọ ma ọ bụ homogeneous Jeremaya mere - na Filiks onye na ngwaahịa ndị na otu ala (na ọtụtụ mgbe, a na mmeghachi omume na-ewe ebe ma na gas na-adọ ma ọ bụ na ngwọta);
• heterogeneous mmeghachi omume (multiphase) - reactants na nke ikpeazụ ngwaahịa nwere ike ịbụ na dị iche iche na-ekwu nke aggregation.