The mbụ ngosi nka na Russia. Onye meghere akpa ngosi nka na Russia?

Aha ụfọdụ Russian ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na-mara bụla nwa amaala nke mba anyị. Nke a hermitage, na Tretyakov Gallery na curiosities. Nke ikpeazụ alụmdi - mbụ ngosi nka na Russia.

Great Embassy of Peter m

Peter m banyere mba akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka a na-eme mgbanwe nke ihe niile. Ọ bụ ya na onye tọrọ ntọala mbụ ngosi nka na Russia. Na 1698 ọ bụ nke mbụ nke ndị eze anyị na-Europe. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ gara na Western mba n'ime Great Embassy anonymously ka ọ ghara adọta uche ya onye.

Ọ bụ n'oge ya European njem Peter mbụ m echiche banyere eke onwe ya ihe ngosi nka. Mgbe ndị dị otú ahụ oru e na nkwado nke ndị ọchịchị. Ka ihe atụ, ọtụtụ German isi nọgidere na-enwe ha onwe ha "kabinet nke curiosities", nke nọ na-na curiosities si gburugburu ụwa. Na ha onwe ha asụsụ na-akpọ ogige Cabinet nke curiosities. Peter na-depụtaghachiri European na ha onwe ha na mba. Ya mere, ihe mbụ ngosi nka na Russia na-akpọ nnọọ - curiosities.

Kasị eze tie Netherlands na England na ha nke oge a mmepụta. A mba, ọ na-adịghị zhadnichaya, m zụtara a dịgasị iche iche nke na-achị - akwụkwọ, na nkà mmụta sayensị ngwá, minerals, na ngwá agha. All nke a bụ na-ndabere nke ikpughe, nke gaara mbụ ngosi nka na Russia.

The isi Kunstkamery

Mgbe ọ lọtara, Peter m na-echefu banyere ha echiche. A afọ ole na ole gasịrị, ọ ndibọhọ si Swedish Baltic n'ụsọ oké osimiri. Ọ bụ ebe a na St. Petersburg e tọrọ ntọala, ebe isi obodo kpaliri anya. The eze chọrọ Kunstkamera-arụ ọrụ na ndị Neva River. Ọ kpaliri na Na 1714 ya collection of rarities Summer Obí. Nke a afọ a na-ewere ndị okobot ụbọchị nke Kunstkammer. Tupu nke a, ngosi nọ na Moscow, na ogige Aptekarskaya ụlọ ọrụ.

The mbụ ngosi nka na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russia na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ jupụtara ọhụrụ gosiri anyị. Ugbua n'afọ ọzọ Poroshenko wee nke abụọ ya njem Europe. Na Holland, eze gara ama ngosi nka nke Albert Seba. Nke a ọgwụ ndụ obon iche iche minerals, osisi na shells. O rere ama ọbịa n'ihi na ọtụtụ nke ya Zoological collection, nke anya natara mbụ ngosi nka na Russia.

The ọhụrụ ụlọ maka ngosi nka

N'ihi na eziokwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe ndị aka iso ndikọri, e kpebiri nyefee Cabinet nke curiosities ọhụrụ nzube-wuru ụlọ maka ya. Building edebere na 1718. Ngo mere a otutu architects, ọ bụla nke onye ghọrọ isi na ụfọdụ ebe. Ndị a bụ ndị a: Johann Georg Mattarnovi Nicholas Gerbel na Mikhail Zemtsov.

Construction bụ nnọọ ngwa ngwa, na Peter mgbe hụrụ ya kere eke. Enye ama akpa ke 1725, mgbe na ebe nke Kunstkammer ka nọ iferi mgbidi. The ugbu a ụlọ e meghere mgbe e mesịrị. Nke a mere na 1734. Nke a ụlọ ọrụ taa (emi odude ke University mkpọda). Ọ mere ya na style of Petrine Baroque. Na a yiri spirit e wuru niile nke mbụ ụlọ nke isi obodo ọhụrụ, mgbe ọ nwara inye a n'ezie European anya.

Tupu nke a, nke mbụ ngosi nka na Russia ezoo nwa oge Kikin Chambers. Ọ bụ ebe a na ọ nọ na mbụ meghere ka ọha na eze.

mmefu ego oru

Ọ bụ a nnukwu abụọ-storey ụlọ, nke, Otú ọ dị, bụ ezughị ịnabata niile gosiri anyị. The ọhụrụ ngosi nka enweghị adịgide adịgide mmefu ego, ma ọ natara enyem si Salt ụlọ ọrụ, na ọgwụ ụlọ ọrụ. Nke ikpeazụ jighị mkpara ụgwọ ọnwa. Ha na-ele n'elu nchekwa nke ngosi, nakwa dị ka na-agbakwụnye na collection.

-Akpali mmasị, na 1724, Peter aka ya nye iwu inye 400 rubles kwa afọ emeso ndị ọbịa. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-atụnyere ndị Cabinet nke curiosities na ndị ọzọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na Europe n'oge ahụ, na e anyị ga-ahụ a dị iche iche foto. Ihe atụ, na Dresden a "curiosities kabinet" adị ruru ka odori ọbịa. N'otu aka ahụ, ka "n'ọnụ" arụ ọrụ Ashmole Museum na Oxford English.

ngosi nka aims

The mbụ ngosi nka na Russia e meghere ghara onwe ha ọgaranya, ya bụ ịkụziri ndị ọha na eze na Petersburg umengwụ. Ọtụtụ ndị a ma ama na-egosighị mmasị na sayensị, nke a na-adịghị amasị Peter. Ọ na-ele anya na ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ free emeso maka oge mbụ na stoke mmasị outlandish onu. N'ezie, Kunstkammer bụghị nanị ọtụtụ nke ya maara nke ndị ọzọ. Ịpụta ihe ọ na-ekwu na ọ bụ mgbe ọ mbụ pụtara na isi obodo, mgbe Russian akwụkwọ akụkọ. N'otu oge ahụ ga-emepe ọhụrụ akwụkwọ dị na Moscow, ebe mba ọzọ ndị ọkachamara na-na a kpọrọ. Gịnị bụ ihe mbụ ngosi nka na Russia? N'ezie, ọ bụ curiosities, nke kemgbe ahụ aghọwo a center nke sayensị, ọ bụghị nanị na St. Petersburg, ma na mba ahụ.

Search ngosi na Russian anāchi achi

Otu ihe dị mkpa merenụ bụ ihe e kere eke nke Academy nke Sciences. Nke a mere na 1724. Mgbe ahụ curiosities bịara n'okpuru aegis nke ọhụrụ alụmdi. A oge a nnọchianya nke Russian Academy nke Sciences bụ nke mbụ ụlọ nke Russian Museum.

Ọ bụrụ na ndị mbụ collection nke Kunstkammer ndị nanị mba ọzọ, mgbe ahụ, oge na-aga, ha malitere "itughari" anụ ụlọ gosiri anyị. Tupu na-akpụ akpụ St. Petersburg, Peter nyere iwu n'okpuru nke Moscow School of ịwa Mmebe ka anakọtara ide ya.

Pita gbalịrị igosi a mgbe nile collection of curiosities n'ógbè. Na 1717, o zigara iwu Voronezh commandant Stepan Kolycheva, nke nyere iwu ka catch, "ụmụ anụmanụ na aha" dị mkpa maka ihe ngosi nka. N'otu aka ahụ, Siberia gọvanọ Gagarin e kwesịrị-eziga ka St. Petersburg shells.

nkà mmụta sayensị na njem ndị mmadụ merela

Ke akpatre afọ nke ndụ ya, Peter m nwere mmasị karịsịa geological, Zoological, akụkọ ihe mere eme, mgbe ochie na bibliographical ihe onwunwe. Foundation nke mbụ ngosi nka na Russia coincided na nzukọ nke ọtụtụ njem ndị mmadụ merela na East. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha wee na search of minerals mkpa maka uto nke anụ ụlọ ụlọ ọrụ. Bara uru karịsịa n'echiche a bụ Ural - "Stone echebe Mmadụ" nke mba. Geodetic ọrụ na-rụrụ na n'igbere mmiri na Baltic, Caspian, Black na Azov n'oké osimiri.

Na 1716-1718 gg. nso Astrakhan ọ hụrụ ọtụtụ ọlaedo na ọlaọcha ihe n'oge ochie. Peter m (onye meghere nke mbụ ngosi nka na Russia) dị nnọọ mmasị na nchọpụta ndị a. E zigara ha St. Petersburg. Ọ bụ a chụọ àjà arịa, fọdụrụ ọnụ nke Volga ndị ọgọ mmụọ ugboro.

Siberia njem Messerschmidt

Nke dị oké mkpa maka Kunstkammer na mmalite afọ ndị ahụ gara agha Daniel Messerschmidt. Nke a German botanist na dibịa Peter e zigara Siberia iji mbụ na-anakọta ọtụtụ ihe pụrụ iche ihe n'ihi na "eze kabinet." The Emperor (onye meghere akpa ngosi nka na Russia) maara nke ọma banyere uru nke Siberia rarities ma chee na-enweghị ka ha curiosities enwe ntụpọ.

Messerschmidt bụghị nanị na-anakọta rarities, ma na-akọwa na ndụ na asụsụ nke ụmụ amaala obodo ndị a n'ọnụ. German ọkà mmụta sayensị natara n'aka ndị bi n'ógbè nke nọrọ buru ibu nke nnụnụ na anụmanụ, nke ọ me ka St. Petersburg. N'oge njem, Messerschmidt gara a dịgasị iche iche nke obodo: Tomsk, Tobolsk, Abakan, Kuznetsk, Turukhansk, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Tyumen, wdg ...

N'ihi ya na mgbalị na Kunstkammer ndị ịrịba ihe na ethnography, akwụkwọ na visual nkà nke East. Ọ bụ Mongol ebo nile, Chinese na ndị ọzọ na Siberia iche iche. Na-amata uru nakwa mkpa nke na-achọta nke a pụrụ iche na ọrụ e anakọtara. Messerschmidt e ugwo niile mmefu nke njem. Nakwa na ya weere a na ndenye aha ka igosipụta ọtụtụ ihe banyere ngosi n'ụlọ.

pụtara Kunstkamery

N'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ihi Kunstkammer of St. Petersburg aghọwo na nkà mmụta sayensị isi obodo nke mba. Ebe a wee akpa onwe ngosi nka na Russia. Ọtụtụ ndị bara ọgaranya ma ama malitere-ezukọta ha collections, ha gosipụtara ya n'ihu ọha pụrụ iche ụlọ.

Curiosities onwe ya taa bụ mmalite ihe ngosi nka, nke ụbọchị ọ bụla na-anakọta a nnukwu ego nke ọchịchọ ịmata ọha. E nyere ya aha Peter m na ude nke ukwu ya ọrụ anụ ụlọ sayensị.