Nkà na ụzụ nke ọrụ site na "slurry mgbidi"

Na oge a mepere emepe ọzọ mgbe e nwere a ọchịchọ a ọzọ ò ojiji nke ohere na akara-ewu. Ọnọdụ ndị a kpebiere ewu ụlọ ọrụ ụfọdụ ọnọdụ. N'elu, obere anọgide ohere iputa saịtị, nke na-amanye mmepe-amalite na-ewu nke ala ụlọ ọrụ. Tinyere ihe ndị ọzọ, e nwere ụfọdụ ihe ndị ọzọ na ò iwu nzuzo. A na-agụnye nnukwu n'ụlọ nkwakọba, shopping malls, nakwa dị ka na-adọba ụgbọala. Ma n'okpuru ala ewu bụ a pụtara na-eri oge usoro, nke na-enye maka a ụfọdụ ego nke ahụmahụ na ihe kwesịrị ekwesị na ngwá maka ewu ụlọ ọrụ.

Ngwọta nke nsogbu akọwara n'elu nwere ike mgbagwoju anya site na eziokwu na ala bụ nnọọ heterogeneous, ọ pụrụ ịbụ nke dị iche iche size cavities, n'ala mmiri. Mgbe ụfọdụ, mgbe n'inyocha n'ókèala maka mmepe na-enyo na nkume ndị pụtara adịghị ike. Ọ na-eme na nzuzo tunnels bụ ụdị nile nke engineering usoro, nke na-adịghị mapped. N'ọrụ a ezi mgbe ọ dị mkpa iji egwepịa, dị ka ntọala nke n'akụkụ ụlọ na-emi odude nnọọ nso na-ewu ihe owuwu, na mgbidi nke elu-ịrị elu ụlọ na-adịghị ekwe ka n'ụzọ zuru ezu atụgharị akụ cranes.

The nke nke na-ewu nke ala owuwu

Dabere na ihe na hydrogeological ji mara teren na otú miri ga-ụlọ, Underground Construction nwere ike mere otu n'ime ọtụtụ ụzọ. The kasị nkịtị na-atụle "slurry mgbidi" usoro nke caisson na-emeghe ụzọ. The mbụ technology taa dị adị pụtara nkịtị, ma ka na-aga n'ihu na-enweta na-ewu ewu n'ihi na ọ pụrụ inye aka dozie nsogbu na mmadụ jupụtara na ọnọdụ na-enweghị na-emekpa ntọala nke ụlọ ke gburugburu.

technology ụkpụrụ

Diaphragm mgbidi e wuru na a pụtara dị mfe ụkpụrụ, nke na-enye maka nkwadebe nke ékpè na gwupụtatụrụla. Ọzọkwa, kpụrụ cavities na-wuru walling, a na-eji ihe. onwem na esịtidem Ọdịdị, dị ka a n'ala na ndị ọzọ ọcha n'okpuru nchebe nke usoro nwetara.

iche usoro

Technology "slurry mgbidi" nwere ike kere n'ime ọtụtụ sub-na ụdị, dị ka: miri dọrọ na ikpo. Nke mbụ bụ na ojiji nke mesikwuru ihe na mesikwuru ihe ngalaba, site na nke a kpụrụ otu mgbidi. Ikpo usoro-agụnye echichi nke Ịnọ nkịtị gwụrụ ogidi, nke na-emi odude na-esote a siri ike. Ha na-ekwe gị na-etolite a siri ike walling. N'agbanyeghị ihe ọ bụla technology ma ọ bụ e ji mee, ọ ka ekwe tụnyere ọzọ ụzọ nke na-ewu nke ala owuwu. Ọ bụ amamihe na-eji na ntaghari ohuru nke ẹdude ụlọ nke ọ bụla nzube.

nọ nke ngwa

Diaphragm mgbidi ike ga-eji mgbe ọ dị mkpa na-ewu a ákwà mgbochi ahụ, tunnels, ala-adọba ụgbọala, n'ụlọ nkwakọba, ala amaokwu, tankị, na ụdị nile nke septic tankị, okporo ụzọ junctions, nakwa dị ka ntọala nke ụlọ maka dị iche iche na nzube.

The mmiri na akọrọ ụzọ

Ịtụle ike nke ala-ya larịị iru mmiri na-ewu ụlọ nwere ike ikpebi na mmiri ma ọ bụ ọkọchị na-ewu usoro. Nke ikpeazụ, ọ bụghị otú oké ọnụ, n'ihi na ọ dịghị mkpa iji dozie apịtị ya. Otú ọ dị, ọ nwere ike malitere naanị mgbe a na-obi ike na ike nke ala na enweghị ala iyi. Wet technology bụ ihe ngwọta dị mma maka owuwu nke nnukwu ihe na-ejighị n'aka Ona jupụta. Ọ bụrụ na ndị na-ewu na-esonyere kọwara ọnọdụ, ọ bụ mgbe ụfọdụ dị mkpa ka n'ihu ike mgbidi nke miri dọrọ. Mee elu mee ala na-emepụta ike na a pụrụ ịdabere ụlọ ọrụ.

thixotropy

Mgbe edozi slurry mgbidi technology pụrụ ịgụnye ojiji nke a mmiri usoro, nke ndị dị otú ahụ echiche bụ ihe dị mkpa dị ka thixotropy. Nke a ihe onwunwe bụ pụta ụwa ke mbat, nke nwere ike naghachi ya mbụ udi enweghị ihe ọ bụla n'ibu nchegbu. Na nke a na nkwusioru na-ekwesị họọrọ ga-enweta ike na-ewu na-adọ na thinning nke ọma jijiji na-akpata. Nke a na-eme ka o kwe omume ka amụma mkpuchi mgbidi nke deformation nke miri dọrọ. The kasị elu na o kwere omume quality pụta ụwa thixotropic bentonite clays.

Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-atụle ọzọ atụmatụ nke ndị a ngwọta, ọ bụ uru na-aṅa ntị ha mmiri-ọgwụ ọchụ àgwà. Mgbe ekwesi na slurry n'elu mgbidi a ga-emetụta ndị hydrostatic nsogbu, nke na-akwalite e guzobere a waterproof film. Igbidi nwere ike ịdị iche iche site 1.5 5 mm, na bụ zuru ezu iji chebe owuwu site na mmiri. mgbidi claying azọpụta dewatering ịnya ụgbọ mpempe akwụkwọ ikpo. Nke a bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ uru nke kọwara technology.

eji ngwá

Mgbe ị mepụtara a mgbidi na ala, nkà na ụzụ na-agụnye iji kwesịrị ekwesị akụrụngwa. Ọ-enye gị ohere igwu a dọrọ. Iji mee nke a, ndị kasị ugboro ugboro ji na-aga n'ihu na ngwaọrụ. Yiri ihe na-enwe ike igosi na cyclical obibia. N'ihi na e guzobere nke trenches na-ejikarị Earthmoving ígwè, ya bụ, shọvel, koo,-egwe ọka osisi, dragline, mkpọpu ala rigs na rotary percussion mkpọpu ala, grapples, nakwa dị ka backhoes. Edepụtara ngwá ga-ezu iji na-emepụta a mgbidi na ala, nke nwere ike karị, site 100 mita. Okwu nwere ike na otú adị nnọọ iche. Method "slurry mgbidi" na-agụnye ọtụtụ ugboro ugboro obosara nke miri dọrọ ga-hà n'etiti 1 na 1.5 mita. Mgbe ụfọdụ, draft, nke na n'obosara bụ 2 mita.

Ikpe nke na-ekwesịghị ekwesị ụzọ

Obi abụọ adịghị ya, na-kọwara technology nwere ọtụtụ uru, ma ọ bụ omume na-igbunye a ọnọdụ ebe na ojiji nke usoro bụ impractical. Construction nke "slurry mgbidi" na-adịghị mere na ọnụnọ nke siri ike ala ala osimiri, na rụrụ ala, na mgbe na nkera emebi masonry na saịtị. Unu na-eji nkà na ụzụ, mgbe e nwere dara agwaetiti, nakwa dị ka nnukwu iberibe nke ihe. Mgbe ala nwere voids na cavities, kwa, ga-amalite ọrụ na kọwara technology.

grout ákwà mgbochi

Jisie ike impervious ákwà-nkwuba nwere ike-atụle dị mfe dị ka o kwere omume. Ha na-rụrụ iji arọ na ike ụrọ, nakwa dị ka na-situ ihe. Oge akara aka nke ákwà-nkwuba bụ iji chebe oghere si mmiri. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ndị a ọcha na-eji ngwá dams na gwupụtatụrụla. Na nke ikpeazụ ahụ, ákwà dị mkpa iji kpochapụ ingress nke mmiri n'ime uji eze. Ndị ọrụ na-adịghị iche ihe ịma aka nke ẹsụhọde larịị nke ala mmiri, nke bụ a kama na-eri oge na usoro. Ọ bụrụ na ndị tụnyere ákwà mgbochi na nzọụkwụ-ala nkeji, nke ikpeazụ bụ nwa oge mgbe ọrụ bụ underway. Owuwu na ọnụnọ nke ikuku ákwà-nkwuba-agaghị atụ egwu ihe kasị ike aga nke ala.

parameters zahvatki

Tupu ntọala ga-wuru "mgbidi na ala", i nwere gbakọọ ogologo zahvatki. ihe ụfọdụ, n'etiti ha ga-enwe mmetụta nke a oke:

• kwụsie ike nke ékpè;
• imewe atụmatụ na arụmọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ;
• ụdị technology, nke na-eji maka mmepe nke ékpè;
• atụmatụ ọnụego concreting.

Technology nke ọrụ

Construction mgbidi ke ala na-amalite na-egwu nke ọma, mgbe ịbụ njikere trenches na-n'out oge jupụtara a ngwọta. Nzọụkwụ na-esonụ ga-echichi nke mkwado ngịga na betonolitnoy ọjà. Echee mkpachapụ gụnyere Ndahie apịtị site n'inye ihe mix site ekwesị displaceable ọjà. Trenches nwere ike mepụtara ya zuru ogologo ma ọ bụ ngalaba site ngalaba. Mkwado ngịga bụ na obi corrugated ígwè mkpara. Ihe usoro kwesịrị erughị 12 sentimita, tụnyere obosara nke miri dọrọ. The ọcha na-wetted mmiri tupu echichi n'ihi na ọ na-ebelata ego nke apịtị Ịgbaso na-enwekwu ndị adhesion ka ihe.

concreting

Ndị na-ewu mgbidi na ala na-agụnye concreting, nke na-rụrụ site na ibughari tube. Nke ikpeazụ nwere a n'obosara sitere na site 270 300 millimeters, ebe mgbidi ọkpụrụkpụ bụ 10 millimeters. Nyere olu nke ọjà a họọrọ n'olu ma wads nwere ike mere nke burlap.

limiters zahvatki

The ngwaọrụ diaphragm mgbidi pụrụ ịgụnye anyịnwa ịhụkwu nke ékpè bụ 15 mita ma ọ bụ obere. N'ihi ya, ọ dị mkpa iji a anwụrụ na a dayameta nke 50 millimeters erughị obosara nke miri dọrọ. Mgbe 5 awa mgbe concreting ọcha ga-ewepụ ma na uji eze jupụtara a ngwakọta nwetara. Ọ bụrụ na ịdị omimi nke ékpè n'elu kwuru oke, e nwere mkpa maka akwụsị. Ọrụ ya na-rụrụ site a metal mpempe akwụkwọ, nke a sikwuo ike site na nwee ume onu. The web nwere ike enwekwukwa, ọ na-welded na okporo osisi.

ntọt ke arụpụtaghị

Mgbe usoro nke "slurry mgbidi" na-eji usoro nke ewu a pụtara nnukwu ihe, na ogologo zahvatki karịa 3 mita, o nwere ike ịbụ na ọ dị mkpa na-eri nri na ihe mix nke nnukwu mpịakọta. Na nke a, na ọ na-aga site na ọjà, na n'ihi na ihe ngwa ngwa na mfe echichi ngwọta ductility abawanye plasticizers. The mejupụtara na-wụsara ya ka elu overlaps dum Ọdịdị 10 sentimita. Nke a na-chọrọ iji na-enwe ike ekemende wepụ mmeru oyi akwa nke ihe, n'ihi na ọ ga-enwe ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ụrọ. The akara ga-mkpa ka a na-emepụta na-enyemaka nke pụrụ iche na ngwá, nke a na-ekpokọtara na betonolitnoy ọjà. Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ ogologo oge karịa 20 mita, na ọ na-atụ aro iji abụọ nke vibrator.

Ndị akpa na a ga-emi odude ke ókè zahvatok mgbe amịpụtara. Ọ dị mkpa iji chọpụta oge nke mmịpụta. Ọ bụrụ na a na-eme kwa n'oge, shei n'ọnụ nwere ike mebiri emebi. Na akaha mmịpụta anwụrụ nwere ike ịghọ rapaara n'etiti ihe na ala. Iji ewepu ndị dị otú ahụ Filiks a na-eji kama nke mpempe akwụkwọ metal anwụrụ, via nke ọ bụ ekwe omume ike a inogide na-abụghị nke mbughari i papuas. Ha mkpa ka a welded na mkwado onu. Iji gbochie deformation n'ọnụ ékpè na-awụfu ga-kwadebe n'ihu aro, nke bụ a headroom trenches.

About ala mgbali

Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ ịmata ihe ụwa nsogbu na mgbidi omimi z, i nwere ike iji na-eso usoro: PR = PS + PQ, ebe PS - bụ osisi ike nke mpụta nsogbu na ẹkedọhọde omimi nke ya ibu nke ala, na-ewere n'ime akaụntụ eji ehi ura oyi akwa, ihe nke mmiri, dị ka nke ọma dị ka irè ipigide; PQ - bụ osisi ike nke mpụta nsogbu na kwuru omimi nke ibu n'elu. Ọ bụrụ na ngo bụ na n'ihu okporo akpan kpụrụ dumping n'elu ụwa elu, uru a na-e na a mwepu ịrịba ama.