North America: enyemaka na ya atụmatụ

Teren mineral North America - niile na-amụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ taa na ọdịdị ala uru. Ihe Ọmụma nke ndị a okwu dị mkpa ọ bụghị nanị na nke udomo oro, ma n'ihi na n'ozuzu development. Mgbe niile, onye ọ bụla n'ime anyị ga-aghọta na ọ bụ elu nke uwa na nke anyị na-ebi ndụ.

North America, enyemaka nke anyị ga-atụle n'isiokwu a yiri ụdị vetikal dissection South America. Ike belt nke Cordillera ugwu erukwa tinyere n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke ụsọ oké osimiri na 7000 km. Advantageously, larịị bụ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Chile. All a na-egosi na enyemaka nke Americas nwere ike mmekọrita. Otú ọ dị, e nwere ihe ha pụtara ọdịiche dị n'etiti ndị a na-enye. Karịsịa, ka Cordillera ugwu usoro dị ukwuu wider na mgbagwoju Ọdịdị karịa Andes (na-akpọ Andean Cordillera). Ha na-agụnye dum usoro àmà, dị iche iche tectonic na geological Ọdịdị bụ iche.

n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na mpaghara

O doro anya na-akwanyere ya ùgwù fọrọ nke nta nile Cordillera 5 orotektonicheskih longitudinal zones. Nke mbụ n'ime ha, n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ - Laramide orogeny ridges: Mount Mackenzie, Brooks iche, Ridge Eastern Sierra Madre, Rocky Ugwu. Nke ikpeazụ nwere ike kere dị ka peculiarities nke orography abụọ akụkụ: ugwu na n'ebe ndịda. N'etiti ha guzo ná mba ọzọ Yellowstone Plateau. Kpọmkwem straightness forms bụ na-egbuke egbuke orographic atụmatụ.

Front Nso nke Rocky Ugwu

Front Nso nke Rocky Ugwu (North America) nwere ndị na-esonụ enyemaka: ọ erukwa fọrọ nke nta 2000 km na a ogologo akara, na-emetụta ndị continuity, iguzosi ike n'ezi na Ime Otu nke ya geological Ọdịdị. Ridge doro anya, kpuwere nkpoda elu n'ebe ah u, nke ịdị elu ya ruru 4000 m. Ọ nwayọọ nwayọọ arịdata nọ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na Great n'Ọzara. Front iche n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ site tectonic kpatara dị n'ebe ugwu. Ke n'etiti ugwu belata. Ha gafee osimiri Pis, nke bụ otu n'ime isi mmalite nke Mackenzie River. Front iche n'ebe ndịda nke ịgbasa. Ọ na-ekewa kpọmkwem ranges, nke ịdị elu ya bụ bukwanu: Lewis, caribou, Selkirk. Na nke a akụkụ e nwere ndị kasị ibu ọnụ ọnụ Front iche. Robson bụ ugwu (elu 3954 m) na Ugwu Columbia (3747 m). Alpine forms of North America ọdịdị ala-ahụkarị nke Front iche. Ọ na-na-ji site jupụtara na nkume na ịrịba glaciation.

Rocky Ugwu na ndịda akụkụ

Single riiji Rockies adịghị etolite n'ebe ndịda. N'ebe a, ha na-ekewet nke onye arrays, mgbe ụfọdụ, dịpụrụ adịpụ na iche iche site "ogige ntụrụndụ" - dum efere, na-anọchite anya a dị larịị-dị ka ngalaba na jikọọ na a nnukwu ọdọ mmiri Great n'Ọzara. Part nke ridges (Sangre de Cristo, Wasatch) agbatị fọrọ nke nta site n'ebe ugwu gaa n'ebe ndịda. Ndị ọzọ (e.g., Uinta Mountains) - na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ direction perpendicular ha. Agachoputa elu na obosara nke ugwu a belt na-ahụ ụgwọ atụrụ site na enweghị continuity. The ókè-ala n'etiti ndị Great n'Ọzara na Rocky Mountains na-n'ụzọ doro anya kwuru: na nkpoda mgbidi - ná mkpọda ugwu. Southern ngalaba - a bụ ahụkarị epiplatform ugwu na e guzobere mgbe ebighị nke ọnu onye nke oge ochie nyiwe.

Ájị esịtidem dị larịị nakwa dị larịị

Next - belt esịtidem dị larịị nakwa dị larịị guzobere nevadiyskuyu mpịachi na-adịdebeghị mmiri nke North America. The enyemaka e ji apịaji nevadiyskimi owuwu-anọchi anya peniplenami. N'ime nke a nkebi e a dị larịị, nke na-anọzi "iberibe" nke oge ochie North American n'elu ikpo okwu na clamped Cordillera (Northern Mass, Colorado Plateau). The kasị intermountain mbara ọzara Fraser, Yukon, Akwa Basin, Colombia, North na Central Mass, Colorado.

Great Basin

Great Basin - denudation dị larịị, ndị kasị ibu ebe. Nke a na ebe, onye obosara bụ ruo 800 km, ke ofụri ofụri, bụ onye na eri oké nri nke ewepụghị na ugwu na-ebupụta na a predominance nke mbụ. On nkezi 1500m welitere dị larịị n'elu. Otú ọ dị, nnukwu fluctuations n'ebe dị elu. Plateau ukem ridges irutu na-elu nke banyere 3 km (Wheeler elu - 3982 m). Deep Ikuku akpọ Bolson, edina n'etiti ha. Ọ na-ọkara nchọ na nchọ efere, nke bụ otu ebe esịtidem drainage. Ọnwụ Valley - otu onye n'ime ha (-85 m).

Relict n'elu na-emekarị hụrụ (gụnyere cones nke agbọpụta ọkụ).

Colorado Plateau na Grand Canyon

Colorado Plateau - bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị pụrụ iche na nkuku nke mbara ala anyị, nke a maara maka North America. Ya enyemaka bụ mara mma nke ukwuu. Dị ka ya geological Ọdịdị (kwụ board jụụ ugwu sedimentary nkume nke dị iche iche afọ - oge ochie ka verhnepaleoziyskih dina crystalline n'okpuru ala) bụ a dị larịị yiri North American n'elu ikpo okwu. Ya elu - ugwu ugwu dị larịị, emi esịmde a dị elu nke 3860 m.

Mma nke dị larịị bụ Grand Canyon (North America). Ọdịdị ala na ihu igwe na-dọtara ebe a ọtụtụ ndị njem. Grand Canyon (nọchiri n'okpuru) e guzobere si Colorado River, na n'etiti ya N'ezie. Ọ esịmde a omimi nke 1800 m, a obosara nke 8 na 25 km na ala dị larịị na 1km na ala dị larịị. Mkpọda ugwu ndị na-akpali, aru ji mara ndị na Grand Canyon. Ha pụta si usoro nke erosive mebiri na weathering. The crystalline isi nke agbakwunyere asọfe warara ọwa.

Ne ugwu belt

The atọ mpaghara - n'ime ugwu - a belt nevadiyskih àmà: Coast Mountains, nke Alaska iche, na Cascade Ugwu, na Sierra Nevada, na transverse mgbawa ugwu Sierra Madre Occidental. Izi ihe dị iche n'etiti ndị a ridges. Igneous nkume ebukarịghị na ha mebere atumatu. Cascade Mountains - batholith na mgbawa ugwu cones, kpọgidere ya. The riiji nke Sierra Nevada bụ akpàràkpà ibu crystal batholith na sloping nkpoda n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ mkpọda.

belt synclinoria

The anọ mpaghara bụ mpaghara synclinoria. Nke a ẹsụhọde nke mpaghara, nke na e guzobere ke Neogene. Part nke ya ugbu a na-anọchi anya ya dị iche iche mmiri bays, ihe isi ike. On n'ala na ọ bụ ndagwurugwu nke Ọnwụ, na Great Central Valley, ala esịmde nke Colorado River.

Far West mpaghara

Ugboro ise - oké ọdịda anyanwụ. Ọ bụ a gbara osimiri okirikiri belt nke apịaji Alpine ridges ka Aleut (enwere 25 agbọpụta ọkụ), Kenai Peninsula, Island Ridge na Victoria elu (elu - 2200 m), Chugachsky Ridge Peninsula Victoria, Coast àmà, iche Sierra Madre del Sur. Ha niile bụ ndị na-ajụ-elu, ma nke a kasị mara ọnụ ọnụ n'elu 2 km.

Dabere na n'ókè nke glaciation, ogo orographic longitudinal zones, tectonic na erosional dissection, na Cordillera ekewa 4 morphostructural region: Cordillera of Mexico, na United States Cordillera Cordillera Cordillera nke Canada na Alaska.

The ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Afrika

Gịnị a enyemaka North America nọ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ? Ka ihu ya. Dị ka anyị kwuru, na-etolite na North American ọdịdị ala bụ n'ozuzu ewepụghị na ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Afrika. Ihe ọ bụ magburu (Central, Laurentian) na elu na mbara ọzara. Di ala ala na-tinyere oké osimiri: Primeksikanskaya, Atlantic mpaghara, Prigudzonskaya na Mississippi ke ala esịmde nke otu osimiri.

Appalachian ugwu belt

Na North America, dị iche na South, ugwu ọzọ belt erukwa tinyere n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ụsọ oké osimiri - Appalachian. Nke a na usoro ugwu, si Gulf of St. ekwenye. Lawrence na banyere 33-32 ⁰ s. m., na fọrọ nke nta ka 2,300 kilomita. N'àgwàetiti Newfoundland bụ ugwu njikọ. Appalachian - ya epiplatform akwa ugwu. The oké mkpa dị iche n'etiti ndịda na n'ebe ugwu akụkụ nke ugwu mere tectonic e ji mara na geological Ọdịdị. Graben Hudson bụ ókè n'agbata ugwu na n'ebe ndịda Appalachian. Northern Appalachians dị ka a dum - ọ bụ undulating ala dị larịị. Ọ na-adịkwaghị onye ugwu ma ọ bụ ugwu. Northern Appalachian yitewere na Quaternary glaciation. Ya mere, na udi nke ugwu ugbu a - ewepụghị, nanị kasị ọnụ ọnụ ha egwuregwu na nkpoda mgbidi.

Southern Appalachians

Eri oké nri nke ogologo ukem ndagwurugwu na ridges nke dị iche iche Southern Appalachians. Site n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ịgbatị tinyere ụkwụ nke ala dị larịị. Ọ Piedmont na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ - a ewepụghị ndagwurugwu denudation, nke na-hiwere site Early Cambrian crystalline nkume. Si ya adahade steeply n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ yinye ugwu, fọrọ nke nta na-aga n'ihu (Kohut, Unakite, Black, anwụrụ, nnukwu, acha anụnụ anụnụ, wdg), Elu - 1-1.5 km. Nke a "ochie ugwu" - oké cores Caledonide, na njikere denudation.

Ájị ridges na ndagwurugwu

Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị dị ịrịba ama ebe nke Appalachian Mountains na-emi odude n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke ha. Nke a na-akpọ Young Mountain, ma ọ bụ belt nke ridges na ndagwurugwu. Ebe a bụ ụfọdụ na-akpali atụmatụ nke enyemaka nke North America. Sedimentary nkume nke Paleozoic oge na-emi esịnede dum n'ókèala: àmà - shales na sandstones nke ndagwurugwu - dolomites na limestones. Agbatị maka ọtụtụ narị kilomita ruo n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ-na n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke akara gbatia nke ugwu, obosara ndagwurugwu ọzọ na ewepụghị-topped ma ọ bụ mbo na warara ridges. N'ebe ịdị elu nke 500-600 mita, na ala nke ndagwurugwu. ridges ọnụ ọnụ iru 1-1.2 km. Valley tectonically anọchi anya anticlinoria na ridges na-synclinoria. Ya bụ, na a na-anya mismatch ụdị tectonic Ọdịdị nke oge a na ụdị, nke nwere a enyemaka ebe a na North America. Photos of Appalachia na-dị n'okpuru.

Nke a bụ ihe atụ nke mgbasa, ma ọ bụ inversion ụdị enyemaka. Ọ dị n'ime ugwu bụ nnọọ obere, na kasị gbaa Appalachians. Nke a na ụdị ahụ efe, chọpụtara malitere na-akpọ "Appalachian efe." Ájị "eto eto ugwu" dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ interrupts Appalachian Plateau (Cumberland, Allegheny). Ọ bụ a protrusion onye elu bụ 300-400 m. Nke a bụ budata elu ala dị larịị Piedmont. Ya elu n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ihu ụgha na a elu nke banyere 1.2 km, na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ - 500 m Plateau ebe miri dissected ndagwurugwu dị iche iche osimiri (akpiri N'ala na warara na mkpọda ugwu) ..

Ọfọn, ugbu a na enyemaka nke North America e nkenke enyocha ke ibuotikọ emi, anyị na-atụ anya na ọ ga-adị mfe n'ihi na ya na ya ime ya ngosi.