Ntọhapụ nke Kharkov si onye fasizim mwakpo

Agha nke Kharkov bụ a ezi uche na dị nnọọ mkpa n'ihi nke ọma na omume nke Soviet agha na ndị Kursk ntopute. Ikpeazụ ike German counterattack anwa e mebiri, na ọrụ ugbu a bụ na n'oge ntọhapụ nke ulo oru na mpaghara nke Ukraine, na-enwe ike nye ndị ọzọ ka n'ihu.

arụmọrụ ihe aga-eme

Iwe na Kharkov dịkwa n'ihu a ọtụtụ nsogbu. Ihe kacha mkpa nwere ike-atụle ihe e kere eke nke a isi n'ihi n'ihu ntọhapụ nke Left-Bank Ukraine n'ozuzu na akpan akpan mepere Donbass (e ohere nke a ka iyi tojubigara ókè agha). Ọzọkwa, ọ ga-ejide ndị ụgbọ akụrụngwa nke obodo (e nwere ọdụ ụgbọ airfield ugbo elu factory), na n'ikpeazụ kwụsị n'ihu mgbalị Nazi si counter-agha mmeri nke Kharkov otu (nnukwu na size na ike).

Mere Kharkov?

Banyere nke a, obodo ahụ nyere nke ukwuu mkpa? Azịza ya dabeere na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Kharkov, nke kemgbe XVIII narị afọ bụ isi center nke akụ na ụba na omenala ndụ nke Sloboda Ukraine. Ugbua na n'etiti XIX narị afọ na obodo bụ n'ọdụ ụgbọ okporo nkwurịta okwu na Moscow. Ọ bụ ebe a na 1805 meghere nke mbụ na Ukraine, ugbu a University nke oge a (Medieval Academy na University nke Lviv na plan adịghị ịgụ), mgbe ahụ, Polytechnic Institute.

Na tupu-agha oge Kharkov bụ isi engineering center, o nyere 40% nke ngwaahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ na Ukraine, na 5% - na mba ahụ dum. Ntem, e nwere a na nkà mmụta sayensị na teknuzu nwere.

E nwere ideological ihe. Ọ mere na Kharkov Congress nke Soviet, mara ọkwa na nguzobe nke Ukrainian Soviet Republic na December 1917. Ruo mgbe 1934, obodo bụ isi obodo nke Ukraine SSR (anọchi anya "Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic", ọ bụghị dị ka-agba nkịtị na nwa boomers, e nwere a dị iche na ndebiri na Ukraine asụsụ).

Background

Na German na Soviet n'akụkụ n'ụzọ zuru okè ghọta nzube nke Kharkov. Ya mere, akara aka nke obodo ahụ n'oge agha, e nwere nnọọ ike. Ntọhapụ nke Kharkov 1943 - na ọ bụ na-anọ agha obodo. Olee otú ihe niile mere? On a na a ga-atụle n'ihu.

24-25 October 1941 ndị Nazi na-arụ nke Kharkov e mere. Ọ na-eri ha dịtụ obere - emetụta ndị na-esi nke na-adịbeghị anya na mmeri nke gburugburu ebe obibi na nso Kiev na Uman na ji esi mmiri ọkụ, ebe Soviet weere e weere na otu narị otu narị puku. Naanị ihe fọduru n'obodo bu redio na-achịkwa mines (ụfọdụ ụdi ntiwapụ mee dị nnọọ ihe ịga nke ọma), na a ịrịba akụkụ nke ulo oru ngwá jisiri wepu ma ọ bụ ibibi.

Ma na mbubreyo mmiri nke 1942, ndị Soviet iwu mere iji jideekwaozo obodo. The iwe na-agụghị oké kwadebere (na-anọghị nke ọgụ-njikere mee), na obodo ọzọ bịara n'okpuru akara nke Red Army maka ụbọchị ole na ole. The ọrụ na-amalite n'ihe 12 ruo 29 May na biri na a nnukwu ìgwè gbara ya gburugburu na Soviet agha na ha zuru ezu mmeri.

The atọ gbalịrị ọzọ mma. Ọbụna n'oge Agha nke Stalingrad nke Southwestern Front malitere iwe arụmọrụ ke Donbass. Mgbe ọ chịlie aka elu nke Pọlọs iche iche na-akpasu ya iwe kpaliri Voronezh Front. Na February o wee akụkụ Kursk na Belgorod, na nke 16 nke weghaara Kharkov.

Na atụmatụ echiche nke nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ counteroffensive arụmọrụ ( "Citadel", nke bịara na njedebe na Kursk ntopute), ndị German ọchịchị ga-anabata ọnwụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ ihe dị mkpa iga ehiwe, dị ka Kharkov. March 15, 1943 site na abụọ SS nkewa (na na-eche na ha bụ nanị ndị Juu na-enwe ike iji na-agbapụ na ọkụ Katyn - na SS bụ J.Randall-ndi-agha nke Hitler!), Obodo ahụ re-weghaara.

Ọ bụrụ na onye iro na-adịghị na-atọgbọ ...

Ma na July, Hitler counter-akpasu iwe atụmatụ apụtaghị; Soviet iwu ewu na ihe ịga nke ọma. Iwe na Kharkov hụrụ ka oké mkpa maka ọdịnihu dị nso n'ihu ẹkụre Agha nke Kursk. Mgbe atụmatụ maka abịa ntọhapụ nke Kharkov tụlere isi ajụjụ: ma na-ebu ịwa na gburugburu ebe obibi ma ọ bụ na mbibi nke ndị iro?

Kpebiri tie mgbe mbibi - gburugburu ebe obibi chọrọ oge na-ewe. Ee, ọ n'ọnọdu brilliantly na Stalingrad, ma n'ihu na N'ezie nke na-akpasu iwe agha, na Red Army ọzọ malitere ya naanị na n'oge 1944, n'oge Agha nke Korsun-Cherkassy n'akpa uwe. N'otu oge ahụ, na-awakpo Kharkov, Soviet iwu ọbụna ụma hapụrụ "korido" ka wepuÚ Nazi agha - ka i kpochapụ ha na ubi bụ dị mfe.

Ebe a taa - laa echi

N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1943 n'oge agha nke Kursk e mezuru, na ọzọ na-akpali usoro oru, nke ghọrọ a ụdị "mgbawa" nke Red Army. Ọ mejupụtara n'itinye a zuru ezu ike ịtụnanya dị iche iche ebe kama ogologo ngalaba nke n'ihu. N'ihi ya, onye iro a manyere frantically otutu ha mee ihe karịrị anya. Ma, o nwere oge ime ya, dị ka ndị agha dị na a dị iche iche ebe, na alụ ọgụ na a protracted agwa na-nkebi mbụ.

N'ihi ya, ọ bụ na Agha nke Kharkov. Ọrụ nke Soviet agha na Donbas na ọnụ ọnụ ebe ugwu nke Kursk ntopute amanye ndị Nazi nyefee ndị agha si Kharkov. I nwere ike na-awakpo.

agha nke ọzọ

Na Soviet n'akụkụ ndị agha nke Voronezh Front (Ọchịagha - Army General Vatutin) na Steppe (ọchịagha - Colonel-General Konev) asakde iso ese. Iwu nke omume nke re-subordination nke akụkụ nke otu n'ihu ọzọ iji ọzọ ò were. Nchikota na Kharkov, Donetsk na Orel direction site Marshal Vasilevsky.

Na ndị agha nke asakde iso ese na o nwere 5-eche ha nche agha (gụnyere 2 tank) na Air Force. Nke a na-egosi na ọ dị mkpa mmasị ka ọrụ. Na n'ihu òkè ẹkedọhọde n'ihi na ihe itunanya kere unprecedentedly akwa ịta na ogbunigwe technology, nke ngwa ngwa-enweta ndị ọzọ egbe, onwe-propelled egbe na tank T-34 na RB-1. Ọ na-atụba ebe iwe ogbunigwe agha nke Bryansk Front. 2 Army nwere na idobere n'akpọ.

Si German agbachitere n'aka ẹkenịmde agha bipu na tank, na 14 bipu na 4 tank nkewa. Mgbe e mesịrị, mgbe mmalite nke arụmọrụ, ndị Nazi ozugbo agafere ebe nke ya mkwado na Bryansk Front na Mius. Otu n'ime ndị a reinforcements ndị dị otú ahụ a maara nke ọma iberibe dị ka "Totenkompf", "Viking", "Das Reich". Site Hitler isi na ihe omume ndị metụtara ndị agha gburugburu Kharkov, kasị mara maka Manstein.

Ọchịagha site n'oge gara aga

Isi akụkụ nke Kharkov usoro ọrụ - n'ezie Belgorod-Kharkov iwe ọrụ - natara koodu aha - "Operation Rumyantsev." N'oge Akwa Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya na Soviet Union jụrụ nile omume mbụ zuru ezu ịgbara si "alaeze ukwu" gara aga nke mba. Ugbu a na Russian akụkọ ihe mere eme anya n'ihi na ihe ha mere nwere na-akpali ndị mmadụ na-alụ ọgụ na-emeri. The aha nke ịwa ịtọhapụ Kharkov - si n'ógbè a. The ikpe abụghị naanị - ọrụ na ntọhapụ nke Belarus a maara dị ka "Bagration", na obere oge tupu ihe omume nke Kharkov na ọnụ ọnụ ebe ugwu nke Kursk ntopute "Operation Kutuzov" e rụrụ.

Ibugharịa Kharkov!

Ọ dị mma, ma na-eme dị nnọọ na nke omume. The plan-akpọ nke mbụ cover obodo ịka nkeji, nwere ike hapụ nnukwu ebe nke dị n'ebe ndịda na n'ebe ugwu nke Kharkov, wee weghara mbụ isi obodo Ukraine.

The aha "Rumyantsev" na-etinyere na isi na akụkụ nke ọrụ - n'ezie mmetụta na Kharkov. Belgorod-Kharkov malitere ọrụ August 3, 1943, na-ama na otu ụbọchị 2 Hitler panzer nkewa nọ "ite" n'okpuru Tomarovka. 5 nke n'ihu akụkụ Steppe agha gụnyere Belgorod. N'ihi na otu ụbọchị ndị agha nke Bryansk Front nọ Eagle, kwuru nke a okpukpu abụọ ịga nke ọma ezimezi oku na Moscow. Ọ bụ nke mbụ mmeri ekele n'oge Akwa Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya.

August 6 ọrụ "Rumyantsev" bụ na zuru siwing, ndị Soviet tankị biri na iwepu iro Tomarovskaya ji esi mmiri ọkụ na kpaliri Zolochev. The obodo ha bịara n'abalị, ọ bụ ọkara agha. The tankị dị nwayọọ, na na nnukwu ọkụ anya. Mgbe-egbu osisi n'ime a na-ero ụra obodo, ha tụgharịrị squeezed ha zuru ọsọ, mberede agha kpebisiri ike ịga nke ọma nke Belgorod-Kharkov ọrụ. Ọzọkwa mkpuchi nke Kharkiv wee na-enwe ọganihu na Bogoduhov na mmalite nke agha maka Akhtyrka.

N'otu oge ahụ nke Southern na South-Western asakde iso ese ulo oru ihe rụrụ na Donbas, ịka kwupụta Voronezh Front. Ọ na-adịghị ekwe nyefee n'okpuru Nazi Kharkiv reinforcements. August 10 weghaara a ụgbọ okporo ígwè akara Kharkov - Poltava. Ndị Nazi gbalịrị counterattack ke ebe Bogodukhov na Akhtyrka (gara site ude nke SS), ma na ya pụta counter-awakpo si eme - kwụsị Soviet tupu, ha enweghi ike.

ọzọ red

August 13 na German agbachitere akara ahụ e tiwara kpọmkwem na ndị Kharkov. Mgbe ụbọchị atọ gasịrị ọgụ ama nke dị ná mpụga obodo, ma Soviet agha kpaliri atụ bụghị dị ka ngwa ngwa dị ka anyị ga-achọ - German chebe onwe ha nnọọ ike. Ke adianade do, na-akpasu iwe nke Voronezh Front e-egbu oge ruru ka ihe na Akhtyrka. Ma 21 nke n'ihu maliteghachiri iwe, ndikan Akhtyrsky otu, na 22, Germany malitere wezụgara si Kharkov ya n'akụkụ.

The ukara ụbọchị nke ntọhapụ nke Kharkov - August 23, mgbe ndị agha Soviet meriela isi akụkụ nke obodo. Otú ọ dị, suppression nke ndị na-eguzogide onye iro dị iche iche na mwepụ nke ya na ala ịta ahịhịa aka iso tutu 30th ụbọchị. Complete ntọhapụ nke Kharkov si onye fasizim mwakpo mere n'ụbọchị ahụ. On 30 August, obodo haziri a ememe nke tọhapụ. Otu n'ime ndị ọbịa nke nsọpụrụ bụ n'ọdịnihu general odeakwụkwọ N. S. Hruschev.

ntọhapụ dike

Ebe ọ bụ na Kharkov ọrụ mmasị dị oké mkpa, ndị ọchịchị mere abụghị stint na award ka ndị sonyere. Ọtụtụ akụkụ dị ka ndị asọpụrụ aha mmasị aha ha okwu "Belgorod" na "Kharkiv". Agha nke ala awards na-ekesa. Ma, ebe a ọ na Kharkiv aha dike City e ọdịda. Ha na-ekwu, Stalin kpebiri megide ya n'ihi na eziokwu na, n'ikpeazụ ịtọhapụ ndị obodo ahụ bụ naanị anọ mnwale.

183rd bipu Division nwere ikike na aha "abụọ-Kharkov". Ọ bụ ndị agha nke a nkewa mbụ banyere isi obodo square (ya. Dzerzhinsky) na February 16 na August 23, 1943.

Magburu onwe gosipụtara onwe-ha na agha na Kharkov Soviet Stormoviks "Petlyakov" na kpara tank T-34. Ka - ha na-emepụta, gụnyere ọkachamara nke Kharkov traktọ Plant! Kpọpụrụ na Chelyabinsk, dị nnọọ osisi na 1943 malitere uka mmepụta nke tankị (ugbu a - Chelyabinsk traktọ Plant).

ebighi ebe nchekwa

War-enweghị ọnwụ anaghị eme eme, na ihe ndị mere na-akwado Kharkov. Obodo bụ gbarụọ na-edu ndú na nke a nke. Soviet weere n'okpuru obodo a bụ kasị dị ịrịba ama ke ofụri Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya. N'ezie, ọ na-ghọtara na nchikota ngụkọta nke niile anọ agha. Ntọhapụ nke ndị obodo na gburugburu ebe oké ọnụ ahịa karịa 71 puku. Ndụ.

Ma Kharkov ọbọhọ, na wuru a ogologo oge ka na-arụ ọrụ na ya aka na isi kwupụta a nkịtị oké motherland ... Ma ugbu a, obodo ka na-enwe ohere ...