Ọka na Oilseeds

The ọtụtụ ngwaahịa iwesa kwa ụbọchị ụwa bi, mbo ihu kasị mkpa alaka nke agriculture - akuku mmepụta, ntọala nke nke mgbe niile e weere mkpụrụ na oilseeds. Ka anyị kwuo banyere ihe ndị a dị mkpa mmiri nke ụlọ ọrụ, rụzuru na atụmanya.

ọka

Ọka-eme ka elu kasị ike akụkụ nke dum olu nke na-emepụta selskhozproduktov n'ụwa nile. Ha na-eto ruo 60% niile arable ala na acreage a n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-arụ na ụfọdụ na-ekwu. Nke a abụghị ihe ijuanya, dị ka ndị a omenala bụ isi ndabere nke oriri na-edozi nke ndị bi ná mba ọ bụla, a akụkụ buru ibu nke ihe oriri nke na ụmụ anụmanụ na ndị dị mkpa ngwaọrụ bụ mgbe Central ka ọtụtụ ebe nke ụlọ ọrụ. Fọrọ nke nta 80% nke ụwa ọka olu nwere wheat, ọka na osikapa. Gwa anyị banyere ihe ndị a osisi.

wheat

Mara kemgbe oge ochie, omenala bụ a na-eduga ọka. Nhọrọ-arụ ọrụ na mmepe nke ọhụrụ, ihe na-eguzogide ọgwụ iche anaghị akwụsị ọbụna ruo otu awa, ka na dị iche iche n'ógbè na-emekwu emegharị ka obodo ọnọdụ iche. The kacha arụpụta ebe maka cultivation nke a cereal na-atụle ihe nādighi nke America na Canada, na Argentine omenala arable ala, Russia, Australia, China na mba ndị ọzọ na kọntinent.

osikapa

Site na nke nke ubi osikapa, ndị staple nri maka ndị nke mba ndị dị n'Eshia, họọrọ abụọ na ụwa. Nke a omenala - na isi akụrụngwa nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ebe, n'efu nke emeju anụ ụlọ oriri nri. Specific technology maka cultivation osikapa-ekwe omume nanị na iru mmiri okpomọkụ, otú ya ebe nke mmepụta geographically mata ndịda na n'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ mba nke Asian Afrika. Agbagha ndú na cultivation na collection of osikapa - China, isi na-emepụta - Japan, Thailand, India.

ọka

Iji ya omenala: oriri na nri akuku. Mexico-mụrụ ọka - okpomọkụ-ima ima osisi, cultivation nke na-lekwasị na ebe a nwayọọ idụhe, na-ekpo ọkụ ọnọdụ latitudes. Isi ebe nke mmepụta bụ American mbara ọzara, emi odude n'ebe ndịda nke Great Lakes. The kasị exporters ọka ghọtara mba North na South America.

oilseeds

Olive bụ osisi, mkpụrụ osisi ma ọ bụ osisi nke na-emepụta ọdụdụ mmanụ.

Mkpụrụ oilseeds nwere ruo 60% abụba na bụ ihe ndabere maka na-amị oriri mmanụ na-enwe ihe bara oké uru nri ma ọ bụ oru pụtara. Ha na-eji dị ka nri ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ nke gụchara na lubricants, na-eji mmiri, confectionery, canning, ọgwụ na-esi ísì ụtọ ụlọ ọrụ, na agba n'ichepụta na ndị ọzọ.

N'ihi oilseeds bụ botanical ụdị dị iche iche ezinụlọ: ugu, olive, legumes, beech, pine, Euphorbiaceae, yasnotkovyh na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. A ọtụtụ n'ime ha, a zuru ezu ndepụta nke ezinụlọ nke ndị a osisi mejupụtara karịa 30 utu aha. Mmanụ na-emepụta si ha, ugbu a 70% nke ego nke abụba iwesa na ụwa.

Progressive echiche nnọchi nke anụmanụ abụba na akwukwo nri na ikwu nnweta ndị a ngwaahịa nwere budata ụba nke ike nke ha mmepụta na ahịa na-adịbeghị anya. Mba na emepe emepe ọkachamara na cultivation nke mmanụ, belata ebupụ nke mmanụ na njikọ na mmepe nke ya ụlọ ọrụ maka nhazi na n'ire bụ agaghịkwa ngwaọrụ na okokụre ngwaahịa.

Oilseed ọkụkụ bụ osisi nwere ihe bara uru Njirimara toning - tii, Rubiaceae (kọfị), Malvaceae (koko). Ha na-toro na nnọọ nta ebe - .. na ogbe na subtropics, ie ebe mmepụta a na lekwasị ke ọtụtụ South Asian mba - Malaysia, India na ndị ọzọ.

Atụmatụ oilseed mmepụta ke Russia

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na na Russia na ọtụtụ ndị ebe dị na zones na a kama ihu igwe siri ike, na akuku ebe-lekwasị na ọnọdụ na continental latitudes (na Volga mpaghara, Siberia, Prikavkaze, na Urals na Far East) omenala ugbo oru, gụnyere cultivation nke oilseeds osisi ịzụlite intensively. ugbo mmepụta ke Russia na-ekpuchi ọtụtụ osisi na emeputa oru, na mgbakwunye na nke cultivation nke osisi na osisi, ekwesighi ka ụlọ ọnọdụ.

Atọ kasị ụdị ọka, a makwaara dị ka Russian oilseeds - sunflower, soybean, canola. Ha kụrụ ogide fọrọ nke nta 4 nde hectare na-akọ na ha na-na-emepụta ihe oriri na mmanụ na ntụ ọka na a elu protein akụrụngwa. The mmanụ eji na-esi nri, nri - dị ka akụkụ nke ihe oriri nke na ụmụ anụmanụ.

Ihe na-emetụta ndị cultivation nke ihe ọkụkụ na nkebi nke ha mmepụta

Na-eto eto ndị a osisi bụ dabere na a kpere territorial ihe: na ihu igwe e ji mara, mejupụtara na ọmụmụ nke ala, obodo ebe. Ihe atụ, na ala kpọrọ nkụ zones n'ala akọrọ ọka-agụghị oké mepụtara na elu iru mmiri ma ọ bụ oké mmiri ozuzo azu inweta ezi wheat n'ubi. Ya mere, ọrụ dị mkpa nke atụmatụ na-mgbe dọpụ olu nke kụrụ n'ubi na nnabata ya na chọrọ nke ụfọdụ osisi na ihu igwe na nke obodo.

E nwere 4 nkebi, nke na-ekewa n'ime dum usoro nke mmepụta nke ọka na oilseeds:

• nkpuru bed nkwadebe;

• ndị agha;

• owuwe ihe ubi;

• enye nchekwa na iga nwere ahịa ma ọ bụ processors.

Ọzọ, ka okwu banyere cultivation nke oilseeds, bi na isi akụ nke ebe Russia.

sunflower

N'ịnọchite anya oilseed sunflower - vasatail osisi. On ya e nwere mgbe a elu ina na mba, ebe ọ bụ na nnukwu nke akwukwo nri mmanụ mere si sunflower bụ. Oil ama elu gustatory àgwà n'oge mmepụta nke ọma na-kpochara nke adịghị. Sara mbara akporo oriri nke ngwaahịa a: ọ na-ekwu ga-eri, na-eji ke imewe nke akọwa, varnishes, fuels na lubricants, na ncha Ndinam. Waste - achicha na nri - bụ ihe magburu onwe ndabere maka mmepụta nke nri anụmanụ. Akọ dị ka ihe ornamental osisi sunflower na magburu onwe anu osisi. Site ná mgbalị nke breeders bred na omenala, ọbụna roba-ụdị.
Sunflower bụ kacha arụpụta na-ekpo ọkụ ebe tụụrụ nwa ụwa. Ọ kwesịrị na ogologo na-eto eto oge, na n'oge okooko - zuru ezu elu okpomọkụ (25-30˚S) ala mmiri na obi iru ala. Oke kwuru zaa ruo 45 ton kwa hectare. Ihe ịga nke ọma na cultivation nke sunflower na Russia bụ Southern, Central na Volga gọọmenti etiti distrikti.

soybean

Oilseeds na bụ nwa afọ nke East Asia - soy. Ọ nso nso a na-emezu na mba, ma ọ bụ nnọọ ewu ewu na enyene a n'ókèala sara na Far East (Amur Region na Khabarovsk Territory) na Black Earth, ọkọnọ Stavropol na Krasnodar Territory. Limited ebe nke soybean cultivation dị ka a omenala ogologo ụbọchị, chọrọ nke a zuru ezu na iru mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ. Market nnyocha tinye n'ihu ndị na-ekwu na na-esonụ afọ ole na ole, ihe ubi nke soybeans ga-amụba okpukpu abụọ ka a n'ihi ihe ahụ na nnukwu nhọrọ ọrụ, na ihe nke taa bụ nọmba nke ghọtara na iche na-emegharị ka ihe siri ike ọnọdụ nke ibu.

The nta soy oriri na nri ụlọ ọrụ na Russia ụgwọ mgbe nile na-abawanye na ina ya dị ka ihe exportable ngwaahịa, ndị dị njikere ịzụta ná mba ọzọ. Ke adianade do, ebe ọ bụ na mmalite nke narị afọ ọ nọwo na-a nkọ na-abawanye na oriri nke na nri anụmanụ soy dabeere, na-enye ezigbo uru.

rape

The nnukwu ezinụlọ a na-akpọ "oilseed" na-agụnye, ndina n'ike, ịgbasa acreage nke bụ otu n'ime ndị Russian agrarian iwu na-ebute ụzọ. Taa, canola ubi dịrị 1 nde hectare. Canola mmanụ dị elu na unsaturated ọdụdụ asịd - ezigbo ihe oriri. Ná mba ọzọ, ọ bụ ịrụ sunflower, bi a-eduga ọnọdụ na Russia, otú ahịa maka ngwaahịa a na-ekwe nkwa na-abịanụ.

Mmekorita dị ka a bara uru nri na mmanụ aṅụ omenala. Green uka na mkpụrụ nke osisi na-nri ka ụmụ anụmanụ, onye nri na-nọgidere na-enwe na n'efu site na mmepụta nke mmanụ - achicha na nri. Na oge nke okooko oilseed rape - ụbọchị 30, nke na-enye ohere iji ihe ubi dị ka nri aṅụ.

Rịba ama nwekwara phytosanitary mmetụta nke omenala na ya ike na imubanye ke ala organic okwu, ukwuu rụọ Ọdịdị.

N'ihi ya, oilseeds na cereal osisi bụ idé nke agriculture - ubi.