Olee otú ime ka a chemical akụkụ: iwu, ihe atụ. Ịdekọ chemical mmeghachi omume

Ka anyị kwuo banyere otú ka a chemical akụkụ, n'ihi na ha bụ ndị bụ isi ndị na nke a ịdọ aka ná ntị. N'ihi mmata nke ihe nile iwu na mmekọrịta nke chemical Filiks na bekee nwere ike na-achị ha, jiri ha na-dịgasị iche iche.

usoro iwu atụmatụ

Mkpokọta nke chemical arụmarụ - otu ihe dị mkpa na oké mkpa nzọụkwụ, anya ke asatọ ọkwa nke ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. Gịnị ga-ebu a na ogbo? Tupu a nkụzi agwa ụmụ akwụkwọ ha banyere otú ka a chemical akụkụ, ọ dị mkpa mata ụmụ akwụkwọ na okwu ahụ bụ "valency" na-akụziri ha ka ha na-ekpebi ihe a uru site ọla na-abụghị ọla, iji ọcha nke oge table.

Nkwadebe nke formulas maka valency ọnụọgụ abụọ

Iji ghọta otú ka chemical akụkụ nke valency na-amalite ịmụta otú ime ka ogige nke usoro, esịnede abụọ ọcha, iji valency. Anyị na-amam ihe algọridim aka ịnagide ọrụ. Dị ka ihe atụ, mkpa ime ka usoro nke sodium oxide.

Nke mbụ, ọ dị mkpa iburu n'uche na chemical mmewere na kwuru na aha nke ikpeazụ, na usoro ga-enịm ke akpa itie. Na nke a, mbụ a na-e dere na usoro sodium abụọ oxygen. Cheta na ọnụọgụ abụọ oxides nke ogige zoro aka na nke ikpeazụ (nke abụọ) mmewere ga-oxygen na ihe ọxịdashọn nọmba -2 (valence of 2). Ọzọkwa na oge table mkpa iji chọpụta na valence nke ọ bụla n'ime ihe abụọ ahụ ọcha. N'ihi na nke a anyị na-eji iwu ụfọdụ.

Ebe ọ bụ na sodium - metal, nke a na-ewekarị na isi subgroup nke ìgwè 1, ọ bụ valence nke mgbe nile ịdị ukwuu, ọ bụ hà I.

Oxygen - a na-abụghị metal, dị ka na oxide ya bụ onye ikpeazụ, na-ekpebi valence nke asatọ anyị (otu nọmba) wepụ 6 (a otu nke oxygen), anyị na-ahụ na oxygen bụ hà valence nke II.

N'etiti ụfọdụ valences chọta dịghị ihe ọzọ nkịtị multiple, mgbe ahụ, kee ya site valence nke ọ bụla n'ime ndị ọcha ka ha index dị iche iche. Dee njikere usoro Na ₂ O.

Ntuziaka na chikota akụkụ

Na ugbu a na-ekwu ihe banyere otú iji mee ka a chemical akụkụ. Anyị buru ụzọ tụlee n'ọnụ ihe na mgbe n'ihu kpọmkwem ihe atụ. N'ihi ya, ihe ndị mejupụtara nke chemical arụmarụ pụtara a ụfọdụ n'ime ihe.

• 1st ogbo. Ịgụ chọrọ ọrụ, ọ dị mkpa iji chọpụta nke ọgwụ ndị dị ugbu a na n'aka ekpe nke akụkụ. N'etiti amalite mmiri enịm ịrịba ama "+".
• 2nd ogbo. Mgbe hà ịrịba ama bụ na ọ dị mkpa ime ka usoro nke mmeghachi omume ngwaahịa. Na-arụ dị otú ahụ na-eme na-achọ na-eru algọridim formulas nke ọnụọgụ abụọ ogige, anyị na-atụle n'elu.
• Nke atọ ogbo. Anyị na-elele na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke atọm nke onye ọ bụla mmewere tupu mgbe chemical mmekọrịta, ma ọ dị mkpa ọzọ ihe ka formulas.

GOSIRI combustion mmeghachi omume

Gbalịa ịghọta otú ka magnesium combustion chemical akụkụ, na-eji algọridim. The n'aka ekpe nke akụkụ a na-e dere na okwu nke magnesium na ego nke oxygen. Echefula eziokwu na oxygen bụ a diatomic molekul, n'ihi ya, ọ dị mkpa iji na-enye ndị index 2. Mgbe ndị hà ịrịba ama ide usoro nwetara mgbe mmeghachi omume ngwaahịa. Ha ga- magnesium oxide, agaghi asu magnesium mbụ e dere na nke abụọ oxygen ọkọnọ na usoro. Ọzọkwa, dị ka table nke chemical ọcha kọwaa valency. Magnesium dị na otu 2 (isi subgroup) nwere a mgbe nile valence II, nwere oxygen site subtracting 8 - 6 na-enweta valence II.

Ịdekọ usoro ga-enwe ụdị: mg + O ₂ = MgO.

The akụkụ kwekọrọ na iwu nke umu ihe nche nke uka bekee, ọ dị mkpa iji ndokwa ọnụọgụ. First, chọpụta ego nke oxygen na mmeghachi omume, mgbe usoro zuru ezu. Ebe ọ bụ 2 oxygen atọm na kpụrụ nanị otu, n'akụkụ aka nri n'ihu usoro magnesium oxide mkpa ka ịgbakwunye ọnụọgụ nọmba 2. Ọzọkwa iche magnesium atọm tupu mgbe usoro. The mmeghachi omume nke magnesium 2 tụgharịa n'ihi ya na n'aka ekpe n'ihu a mfe umi nke magnesium dịkwa mkpa na-akpata 2.

Total mmeghachi omume ụdị: 2Mg + O ₂ = 2MgO.

GOSIRI nnọchi mmeghachi omume

Ọ bụla kọwara ná mkpirikpi na Chemistry na-akọwa dị iche iche nke interactions.

N'adịghị ka ogige ma nnọchi na ekpe na n'akụkụ aka nri nke akụkụ abụọ ga na bekee. Ka e were ya na ị chọrọ ide a mmeghachi omume n'etiti zinc na hydrochloric acid. ede algọridim iji ọkọlọtọ. Akpa, na n'aka ekpe site dee ego nke zinc na hydrochloric acid, na n'akụkụ aka nri nke usoro-eme ka elu mmeghachi omume ngwaahịa nwetara. Ebe ọ bụ na galvanic usoro nke ọla na-emesi ndị zinc bụ hydrogen, na usoro ya displaces si acid molekụla hydrogen, akpụ zinc chloride. N'ihi ya, anyị na-enweta ndị na-esonụ na ntinye: Zn + HCL = ZnCl ₂ + H _2.

Ugbu a, anyị na-atụgharị equalize ọnụ ọgụgụ nke atọm nke onye ọ bụla mmewere. Ebe ọ bụ na n'aka ekpe bụ otu chlorine atọm, na mgbe omume ha dị afọ abụọ, n'ihu hydrochloric acid usoro ga-anapụta a na-akpata nke 2.

N'ihi ya, anyị na-enweta okokụre mmeghachi omume akụkụ, kwekọrọ ekwekọ na uka nchekwa umu iwu bekee: Zn + 2HCL = ZnCl ₂ + H _2.

ọgwụgwụ

A na-ahụkarị ndepụta nke Chemistry bụchaghị nwere ọtụtụ chemical mgbanwe. Ọ dịghị akụkụ nke a sayensị na ọ bụghị nanị a dị mfe ọnụ nkọwa nke mgbanwe, mgbasa Filiks, evaporation bụchaghị niile enen arụmarụ. Specificity onwu bụ na ndị niile na Filiks na-erukwa na n'etiti dị iche iche inorganic ma ọ bụ organic bekee, nwere ike kọwara site chemical akara, ihe ịrịba ama, ọnụọgụ indices.

Gịnị ọzọ dị iche iche site na nkà mmụta ndị ọzọ onwu? Chemical arụmarụ aka ọ bụghị nanị na-akọwa mgbanwe na-ewere ọnọdụ, ma na-eme ka ha quantitative ngụkọta oge, site na nke i nwere ike mepụta laabu na ulo oru na mmepụta nke dị iche iche bekee.