Silver Age uri:-ede uri, uri, isi ntụziaka na atụmatụ

Na ebe nke XIX na narị afọ, nke ghọọ a oge nke pụrụ iche ịrị elu nke mba omenala na ezigbo rụzuru na niile ubi nke art, bịa mgbagwoju, full of ịrịba ama mere, na-esikwa isi nke XX narị afọ. The ọlaedo afọ nke na-elekọta mmadụ na nkà ndụ dochie na-akpọ silver, mụrụ ngwa mmepe nke Russian akwụkwọ, uri na prose ọhụrụ na-egbuke egbuke okwukwo, na ekemende ghọrọ amalite ọdịda ya. N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-elekwasị anya na abụ uri nke Silver Age, tụlee ya pụrụ iche atụmatụ, ga-ekwu okwu banyere isi ntụziaka, dị ka ihe atụ, futurism na Acmeism, ọ bụla nke nwere a pụrụ iche music nke amaokwu na doro anya okwu nke mmetụta uche na mmetụta nke in-a me dike.

Silver Age uri. Oké mkpa ná Russian omenala na art

Ọ na-kweere na mmalite nke Silver Age of Russian akwụkwọ guru nke 80-90 afọ. XIX narị afọ. N'oge a, e nwere ọrụ nke ọtụtụ na-ede uri: V. Bryusov, K. Ryleeva, K. Balmont, I. Ann - na dere L. N. Tolstogo, F. M. Dostoevskogo, Saltykov-Shchedrin. The mba na-aga site ike ugboro. N'oge ọchịchị nke Alexander m, na mbụ e nwere ike ịhụ mba n'anya ịnụ ọkụ n'obi n'oge agha na 1812, na mgbe ahụ, n'ihi na mberede mgbanwe ke mbụ na-emesapụ aka iwu nke eze, otu na-enwe a na-egbu mgbu ndakpọ olileanya na arọ omume losses. Ya heyday uri nke Silver Age ruo 1915 Social ndụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọnọdụ e ji a miri emi nsogbu, jupụtara n'ọgba aghara, esi ikuku. Na-eto eto uka ngagharị iwe, politicization nke ndụ na n'otu oge ahụ na-eme onwe onye bụ. The Company anamde ikike mgbalị ịchọta a ọhụrụ ezigbo nke ike ma na-elekọta mmadụ na usoro. Na-ede abụ uri na-ede akwụkwọ na-ijeụkwụ na ugboro, na-emepe emepe ọhụrụ art forms na àjà obi ike echiche. Human àgwà amalite-emezu dị ka a dị n'otu nke ọtụtụ mmalite: eke na-elekọta mmadụ, ndu na omume. N'oge February, na October mgbanwe na Civil War nke Silver Age abu nsogbu. Ọ Blok "Na uri" (11 February 1921), nye ha na House of Dere ná nzukọ na oge nke 84 ncheta nke ọnwụ nke Pushkin, na-aghọ ikpeazụ aghọta ihe atụ nke Silver Age.

akwụkwọ e ji mara nke XIX - n'oge XX ọtụtụ narị afọ.

Ka anyị tụlee akụkụ nke uri nke Silver Age. Firstly, otu n'ime ndị isi na atụmatụ nke akwụkwọ nke na oge nke oké mmasị na ebighị ebi themes: na search nzube nke ndụ nke onye na mmadu ka a dum, ilu nke mba agwa, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba, na nnyonye anya nke ụwa na ihe ime mmụọ, na mmekọrịta mmadụ na okike. References na njedebe nke XIX na narị afọ. Ọ na-aghọ ndị ọzọ na nkà ihe ọmụma: ndị dere ekpughe isiokwu nke agha, mgbanwe ọchịchị, onye mmadụ ọdachi nke ka furu efu n'ihi na ọnọdụ udo na udo nke uche. Na ọrụ nke ndị so dee na-ede abụ uri a mụrụ ọhụrụ, obi ike, ihe ọhụrụ, ike ma na-ejighị n'aka ruo n'ókè agwa, ike imeri isi ike nile na n'ụkọ. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-arụ ọrụ anya na-akwụ ụgwọ otú isiokwu site na prism nke uche ya kacha enyi na ọdachi na-elekọta mmadụ ihe. Nke abuo, karịsịa uri na prose ghọrọ onye na-ufiop search mbụ art forms na n'aka okwu nke mmetụta na mmetụta uche. Amaokwu ụdị na rhyme egwuri a dị mkpa karịsịa ọrụ. Ọtụtụ ndị ajụwo oge gboo ọkọnọ ederede na dịrị usoro ndị ọhụrụ, dị ka Vladimir Mayakovsky kere ya a ma ama "n'ọkwá." Ọtụtụ mgbe ndị dere iji nweta a pụrụ iche mmetụta na-eji a ikwu okwu na asụsụ abnormalities, fragmentation, na ọbụna alogisms ekwe mkpoputa njehie.

Nke atọ, Silver Age of Russian uri na-ede uri kpamkpam na na na nka, ohere okwu. Ná mgbalị iji gosi na mgbagwoju, mgbe mgbe, na-emegiderịta, "obodo" ntiwapụ nke mmetụta uche, dere aghọwo a ọhụrụ okwu na-ezo ndị okenye ya poems ibuga aghụghọ iche ọ pụtara. Standard template akọwapụta doro anya na ebumnobi ihe: ịhụnanya, ọjọọ, ezinụlọ ụkpụrụ, omume ọma - aghọwo a dochie nkịtị psychological na nkowa. Kpọmkwem echiche nyere ụzọ mma na innuendo. Ndị dị otú ahụ a mmajijiji, fluidity ọnụ ụkpụrụ na-enweta site na-egbuke egbuke metaphors, nke na-emekarị dabeere ígwè bụghị n'ụzọ doro anya myirịta nke ihe ma ọ bụ phenomena, na nonobvious atụmatụ.

Nke anọ, ji ụzọ ọhụrụ nke na-ekwurịta okwu echiche na mmetụta nke in-a me uri nke Silver Age. Poems site ọtụtụ ndị e kere iji ihe oyiyi, motifs n'obodo dị iche iche, nakwa dị ka isịne na doro tikeeti. Ihe atụ, ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe na-esịne ke okwu nke ha kere ngosi Greek, Roman na mgbe e mesịrị Slavic myths na akụkọ na-emeghị. Na ọrụ nke J. Ann, Marina Tsvetaeva na V.Bryusov akụkọ ifo na-eji rụọ a eluigwe na ala psychological ụdị ịghọta mmadu, akpan akpan, mmụọ ya akụrụngwa. Onye ọ bụla na-ede uri nke Silver Age of na-egbuke egbuke mmadu. Ọ dị mfe ịghọta nke ha na nke a ma ọ bụ na amaokwu. Ma ha na-agbalị ka ha na-arụ ọrụ ndị ọzọ anya na ndụ, full of agba, ya mere na ihe ọ bụla na-agụ nwere ike na-eche okwu nile ọ bụla na akara.

Isi ntụziaka nke Silver Age uri. atụ

Dere na-ede uri, na-emegide onwe ya na-nsiridi, mara ọkwa na e kere eke nke a ọhụrụ, n'oge a na art - modernism. E nwere atọ isi edemede mmegharị nke Silver Age uri: atụ, Acmeism, futurism. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere ya akpan akpan egbuke. Atụ ibido bilie France dị ka a mkpesa megide kwa ụbọchị eziokwu ngosi na bourgeois enweghị afọ ojuju ná ndụ. The nna nna nke ebe a, gụnyere J. Morsas kweere na ọ bụ nanị site a pụrụ iche ndumodu - a akara, i nwere ike ịmụta ihe nzuzo nke eluigwe na ala. Na Russia, ihe atụ pụtara na n'oge 1890s. The nchoputa nke a ije bụ DS Merezhkovsky, sị n'akwụkwọ ya atọ bụ isi postulates nke ọhụrụ art: atụ, omimi ọdịnaya na "mgbasawanye nke nkà echiche."

Ndị agadi ma ụmụaka Symbolists

The mbụ Symbolists mechara gụọ ya agadi, malitere V. Ya. Bryusov, KD Balmont, FK Sologub, Z. N. Gippius, N. M. Minsky na ndị ọzọ. Ede uri. Ọrụ ha na-ji a nkọ agugo nke eziokwu. Ha kwuru nke bụ ndụ n'ezie ka na-agwụ ike, jọrọ njọ na-amaghị, na-agbalị igosi ndị kasị aghụghọ nuances nke mmetụta ha.

The oge site 1901 na 1904. Ọ akara mmalite nke a ọhụrụ milestone nke Russian uri. Symbolist uri impregnated na revolutionary mmụọ na a ujo ihe nwere ike ime ihe na-abịa. Nta Symbolists: Blok, V. Ivanov, A. White - ekwughị ụwa, na-eche ya Utopian mgbanwe, ịgụ egwu ugboro ugboro Chineke mma, ịhụnanya na femininity na-n'aka ịgbanwe eziokwu. Ọ bụ ya na ọdịdị na edemede idaha tọrọ Symbolists na akwụkwọ na-agụnye echiche nke agwa. Na-ede uri na-aghọta ya dị ka a na achị okwu na-egosipụta nke ụwa, "nke elu-igwe", ime mmụọ kachasi mkpa na n'otu oge, "alaeze n'ụwa."

Atụ na afọ nke mgbanwe

Russian Silver Age uri na 1905-1907. na-agbanwe agbanwe. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị Symbolists, ilekwasị anya socio-na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ihe, revising echiche ha nke ụwa, na ịma mma nke ebe ná mba ahụ. Nke ikpeazụ a na-now ghọtara dị ka a agha ọgba aghara. Ede uri ike oyiyi nke ụwa ọhụrụ, nke na-abịa iji dochie furu efu. V. Ya. Bryusov emepụta uri "Coming Huns", Alexander Blok - "Barca ndụ," "adahade si ọchịchịrị nke cellars ..." na ndị ọzọ.

Mgbanwe na akara. Ugbu a, ọ na-ezo na-oge ochie nketa, na Russian akụkọ ifo na-Slavic akụkọ ifo. Mgbe a gbanwesịrị ọchịchị, e nwere nkewa nke Symbolists, na-achọ inwere iji chebe art nke revolutionary ọcha na, na Kama nke ahụ, na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ndị nwere mmasị na-elekọta mmadụ na-alụ. Mgbe 1907 eneni Symbolists iyuzucha onwe ha, dochie abịa n'iṅomi art nke gara aga. A 1910 Russian atụ na nsogbu, o doro anya na-egosipụta ya esịtidem emegiderịta.

Acmeism na Russian uri

Na 1911, N. S. Gumilev ahazi edemede otu - "Shop na-ede uri." Ọ gụnyere na-ede uri S. Gorodetsky, Osip Mandelstam, Ivanov na G. Adamovich. Nke a ọhụrụ ntụziaka bụghị jụrụ gburugburu eziokwu na-anabata eziokwu dị ka ọ bụ, ịnọgide na-enwe ya uru. "Na-ede uri Onodi" malitere na-ekwusara ya magazin "Hyperborean", nakwa dị ka na-ebi akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ na "Apollo". Acmeism, malitere dị ka a edemede akwụkwọ chọta a ụzọ nke nsogbu nke ihe atụ, n'otu nnọọ iche ideological na nkà nrụnye na-ede uri.

Otu n'ime ndị kasị ama dere-Acmeists bụ Anna Akhmatova. Ọrụ ya nile e jupụta na ịhụnanya ahụmahụ na-adị ka a nkwupụta emekpa agụụ mmekọahụ nke nwanyi mkpụrụ obi.

Akụkụ nke Russian Futurism

Silver Age of Russian Poetry eduba ọzọ na-akpali ebe a na-akpọ "Futurism" (site na Latin. Futurum, ya bụ, "ga-eme n'ọdịnihu"). The search maka ọhụrụ nka forms na ọrụ nke ụmụnna H. na David Burliuk, N. S. Goncharovoy, N. Kulbin MV Matyushina ibu a mkpa maka ọmụmụ nke a na-emekarị na Russia. Na 1910 ọ bịara na-ebipụta futuristic collection "Zedok, bú onye-ikpe", nke na-anakọtara ọrụ nke kasị pụta ìhè na-ede uri dị ka V. Kamensky, V. Khlebnikov, Burliuk ụmụnna, E. Guro. Ndị a dere kpụrụ isi nke a na-akpọ Cubo-Futurists. Mgbe e mesịrị, sonyeere ha Vladimir Mayakovsky. Na December 1912, ndị Almanac si - "ụra n'Agbanyeghị Public Ire". cubofuturists Amaokwu "Buch Lesin," "Nwụrụ Anwụ Ọnwa", "ebigbọ Parnassus", "gag" ghọrọ isiokwu nke ọtụtụ arụmụka. Na mbụ, ha na-aghọta ka a ụzọ tiis-agụ àgwà, ma na nso perusal ahụrụ ọchịchọ siri egosi a ọhụrụ ọhụụ nke ụwa na a pụrụ iche na-elekọta mmadụ Nsonye. Anti-aesthetically ghọọ a heartless jụrụ, adịgboroja mma, na-akparị okwu ghọọ olu nke ìgwè mmadụ.

Ego-Futurists

Kubofuturizma Ọzọkwa, e nwere ka ọtụtụ na ọnọdụ, tinyere egofuturizm gawa I. Severianin. E jikọtara ya ejikọta site na-ede uri dị ka V. I. Gnezdov, I. V. Ignatev, K. Olympia, wdg Ha kere a na-ekwusara ụlọ "Petersburg Herald", mepụtara magazin na anthologies na mbụ aha: ". Nebokopy", "Eagles n'ebe kpọdara akpọda" "sugar fitment" na na. d. ha poems dị iche-emezu oké na-emekarị bụ ndị kere ha okwu. E wezụga Ego-Futurists, anyị ejikwara abụọ ọzọ dị iche iche: "Centrifuge" (B. L. Pasternak, N. N. Aseev, S. P. Bobrov) na "Mezzanine abu" (R. Ivnev, SM Tretyakov, VG Sherenevich).

kama a ọgwụgwụ

Silver Age of Russian Poetry adịteghị, ma ada ọnụ na-egbuke egbuke galaxy nke nkà na-ede uri. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a biographies bụ ọdachi, n'ihi na uche eke ha nwere ịdị ndụ na-arụ ọrụ dị otú ahụ a fateful maka mba, a oké mkpa nke mgbanwe na-post-revolutionary afọ nke ọgba aghara, agha obodo, nkụda mmụọ na Olee banyere anyị taa. Ọtụtụ na-ede uri nwụrụ mgbe e gbuchara (Khlebnikov, A. Block), ọtụtụ kwaga (K. Balmont, Z. Gippius, IA Ugwu, Marina Tsvetaeva), ụfọdụ were ndụ ya, gbara ma ọ bụ n'iyi Stalin ahụhụ. O sina dị, ha jisiri ike eme ka a nnukwu onyinye Russian omenala na-eme ka ọ na-ukwuu okwu, yi, mbụ ọrụ.