Sulfides na hydrosulfides. Hydrosulfide na ammonium sulfide

Site sulphides gụnyere organic na inorganic chemical ogige, a sọlfọ atọm ya molekul ihe na ụfọdụ ọla ma ọ bụ ndị na-abụghị ọla. N'ihi na inorganic sulfides ahụkarị ogige bụ hydrogen sulfide (H2S), nke klas nke asịd na ammonium sulfide (usoro (NH4) 2S), nke klas nke salts. Ọzọkwa sulfides nke ọla na nonmetals c general usoro KxSy (ebe K - bụ a metal ma ọ bụ nonmetal cation, na S - acidic hydrogen sulphide fọduru, x na y - ego nke metal cations na anions nke acid moiety na molekul, karị), na-ezo aka na klas nke salts. Dị ka ihe atụ, ígwè sulfide (II) FeS. Organic sulfides - a chemical umi, a sọlfọ atọm na ha molekul jikọtara hydrocarbon radicals. Nke a mercaptides (thioethers) nke n'ozuzu usoro RSR ', na R na R' - hydrocarbon radicals.

All chemical ogige onye ụmụ irighiri nwere a metal atọm, na ụmụ irighiri akụkụ ụfọdụ ndị na-abụghị ọla (boron B, site P, sịlịkọn Si, arsenic Dị), na njikọ aka sọlfọ atọm (S) na a ogo ọxịdashọn hà mwepu 2, elekarị salts H2S hydrogen sulphide . Inorganic sulfides (ma e wezụga H2S), e.g., sulfide, ammonium sulfide ma ọ bụ boron, na-ẹkekerede ịbụ onye na-nkezi salts, ebe ọ bụ na ma nke hydrogen sulphide acid hydrogen atọm e dochie ọzọ cations. Ọ bụrụ na ndị hydrogen sulphide na acid, naanị otu atọm na-anọchi cations (nke-ahụkarị nke alkaline ụwa na alkali metal), nnu ga-akpụ acid nnu. Ihe Nlereanya nke inorganic hydrosulfides (bisulfide ma) nwere ike ịbụ ogige ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka ammonium hydrosulfide (NH4HS Formula) ma ọ bụ sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS). Na hydrosulfides ụmụ irighiri, na iche sulfide, ma ọ bụ ihe acid anion fọduru bụ HS-. Organic hydrosulfide gụnyere mercaptans (thiols na thioalcohols) nke n'ozuzu usoro RSH, ebe R - hydrocarbon buu. Mercaptides na mercaptans na-ji ọtụtụ nomenclature, ya mere ha na-achọ ndị ọzọ echiche.

Kasị sulfides nwere na-egbuke egbuke agba?. Na mmiri nke ọma soluble naanị ammonium sulfide na sulfides nke alkali ọla. Fọrọ unyi anaghị agbasa na mmiri, na-metal sulphides. Ebe ọ bụ na sulfides bụ hydrogen sulfide salts nke na-adịghị ike asịd, ha mmiri-soluble nnọchiteanya nwere ike hydrolyzed. N'ihi sulfides kpụrụ ọla na a elu ọxịdashọn obodo ma ọ bụ, ma ọ bụrụ na ha hydroxides na-adịghị ike bases (e.g., Cr2S3, Al2S3, wdg), mgbe mgbe hydrolysis retara irreversibly. Sulfides dị nwayọọ mbenata mmadụ, na-eme na ikuku oxygen na elu okpomọkụ na-etolite salts, nke na sọlfọ atọm nwere elu ogo ọxịdashọn, dị ka sulfates na sọlfọ dioxide. ammonium sulfide na-eji na foto, na akwa ụlọ ọrụ. Sulfides na-eji dị ka okporo ọkụ ihe, phosphors, na nkà mmụta ọgwụ, na oru ugbo.

The sulfides nwere ike na-emepụta site na ụzọ dị iche iche. Ammonium sulfide (mara dị ka aha ọzọ a nnu - diammonium sulfide) na-akwado ya site na omume hydrogen sulfide na ngafe nke amonia: H2S + 2 NH3 → (NH4) 2S. More na-eguzogide ọgwụ acid nnu nke hydrogen sulfide bụ ígwè sulfide FeS, nke nwere ike na-akadiahade site kpo oku na vacuo nweta ya (na nke a bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ mara ụzọ) site irreversible mmeghachi omume na sọlfọ ígwè: Fe + S → FeS.

Molekụla arọ nke ammonium sulfide na 68,14. .. E m Gross-usoro nke Hill usoro nwere ike e dere dị ka: H8N2S. Anya yiri nnu colorless kristal. Ammonium sulfide na 20 ° C bụ ngwa ngwa soluble n'ime mmiri. Soluble na ethanol. Nke a hygroscopic umi ike nke na-amịrị mmiri. Na free ala na-adịghị nwetara ammonium sulfide. Ebe ọ bụ na (NH4) 2S nnu bụ ejighị n'aka, mgbe ahụ, ya okenye agbanwe agbanwe na-nso na hydrogen sulphide otú iso nnoo nke a ngwakọta nke NH3 na NH4HS, na okenye agbanwe agbanwe nke (NH4) 2S bụ a colorless mmiri mmiri na-esi ísì nke amonia na hydrogen sulfide. The mmeghachi omume ngwọta bụ alkaline na a onye Onyenwe anyị + na 9.3. The kristal nke siri ike nnu gaghị ekwe omume ịmata ihe dị iche, ọbụna ike jụrụ nke ngwọta. Dị ka a n'ihi nke ọxịdashọn site ikuku oxygen na guzobe polysulfides, ammonium sulfide ngwọta ngwa ngwa amama odo. Ya mere sulfide ngwọta ga-echekwara na a karama jupụta na igbochi na tightly anọkwasị.

Molekụla arọ bụ ammonium hydrosulfide na 51,11. .. E m Gross-usoro nke Hill usoro nwere ike e dere dị ka: H5NS. Nnu anya bụ a colorless rhombic kristal. The njupụta nke nnu hà 0,89 g / cm3. Agbaze ebe 120 ° C (nrụgide). Na ụlọ okpomọkụ na evaporation na sublimation nke reagent Alụlụụ. Nke a compound bụ obodo na ụlọ okpomọkụ. Umi bụ ngwa ngwa soluble na ethyl mmanya na mmiri oyi, na-ekpo ọkụ mmiri ma ọ bụ na-ewe iwe na obere gbawara. Jeremaya mere okenye alkali. Ikuku ike ammonium hydrosulfide na-oxidized, n'ihi ya, ọ si colorless ngwọta mgbe echekwara ngwa ngwa amama odo ruru ka e guzobere polysulfides. Ammonium hydrosulfide nwere ike kwadebere kpọmkwem site na omume amonia na hydrogen sulfide na diethyl (sọlfọ) ma ọ bụ site na-agafe ikuku na 0 ° C na ihe amonia ngwọta nke ngafe hydrogen sulfide site mmeghachi omume akụkụ: NH3 + H2S → NH4HS.