The digestive usoro mammals: bughi atụmatụ

Mammals - na ụmụ anụmanụ na-eri nri ha na-eto eto na mmiri ara ehi. Ha bụ ndị kasị ukwuu haziri. Excretory, omumu, digestive, akụkụ okuku ume na usoro ọbara ji erugharị nke mammals, ihe kasị dị mgbagwoju Ọdịdị tụnyere ndị ọzọ Ịhazi nkeji. Ma uche pụrụ iche na a ga-akwụ ụgwọ iji Ọdịdị bụ digestive usoro.

Nutrition na mgbaze

Food - otu n'ime ndị isi na atụmatụ nke ndu eme ntule. Nke a usoro mejupụtara n'itinye aka ahu bekee na ha mgbanwe na excretion si unprocessed nri residues. Na pụrụ iche akụkụ emee mgbaze - ekewa mgbagwoju organic bekee (protein, lipids, carbohydrates) n'ime mfe, nke ike-etinye obi gị dum n'ime ọbara. Mere biopolymers disintegrate n'ime ya akụrụngwa akụkụ? The eziokwu na ha na ụmụ irighiri ihe dị nnọọ ukwuu na-apụghị iru si digestive ọwa n'ime ọbara. The digestive usoro mammals - sokwa. Ọ nwere ọtụtụ atụmatụ na ọdịiche dị ha site na ndị ọzọ chordates.

Ọdịdị nke ahụ digestive usoro na mammals

Nke a usoro ngwa mejupụtara abụọ akụkụ: ọwa na glands. The mbụ nri gbarie, nri na-etinye obi gị dum n'ime ọbara, na ya remnants unprocessed-aga ná mpụga. Alimentary kanaal na-agụnye ndị na-esonụ ngalaba: buccal uji eze, pharynx, na nkọlọ, afo, obere na nnukwu mgbiri afọ, agwụcha ike. Therethrough na ewepu undigested irighiri. Atụmatụ nke Ọdịdị nke ahụ digestive usoro mammals bụ na ọnụnọ nke ígwè. Nke a pụrụ iche akụkụ, nke bụ enzymes - ndu akpali nke na-akwalite usoro nke cleavage nke biopolymers.

Akụkụ nke mgbaze na ọnụ

Ụlọ ọrụ mammalian digestive usoro, na ndị ọzọ kpọmkwem na ọwa-amalite na onu oghere. Agba na egbugbere ọnụ ụdị preoral oghere. Nke a bụ ebe abụọ na ụdị nri nhazi. Mechanical rụrụ site n'aka differentiated ezé na asụsụ, chemical - enzyme nke emepụta asọ mmiri. N'ebe a, ha rapara n'aru naanị otu ụdị organic bekee - polysaccharides, mgbagwoju carbohydrates mfe sugars.

Iche ezé na-adabere na ụdị nri na usoro nke ya mmepụta. N'Ike ndị kasị mepere emepe incisors, maka herbivores bụ ahụkarị molars ewepụghị udi, na whales ezé na-efu efu na niile.

Mgbaze na afo

Bolus si n'ọnụ site na nkọlọ na afo na-akpụ akpụ - kasị gbasaa akụkụ nke dum ọwa. Ya muscular mgbidi amalite ịda mbà, na nri bụ mbuaha. Ebe a na ọ na-gụrụ, na chemical nhazi. Digestive, ọbara usoro mammals na-anya metụtara. Gastric ihe ọṅụṅụ mgbari na-edozi na lipids n'ime monomers - mmiri. Naanị otú a na ha ga-esi n'ime ọbara.

Mgbaze ke gootu

The digestive usoro nke mammalian eriri afọ na-aga n'ihu: obere na nnukwu. Ikpe gbarie na afo, nri abatakwa obere akụkụ ya mbụ otu. Ebe e nwere bụ a ikpeazụ mgbaze na absorption nke bekee na ọbara na Lymph. The mbụ nke obere eriri afọ na-akpọ duodenum. Ọ na-emeghe ducts nke pancreas na imeju na. Large eriri afọ - nkebi ikpeazụ nke digestive usoro. Ebe ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na mmiri na-etinye obi gị dum na kpụrụ stool, ozigbo agagharị n'ebe ikensi.

digestive gland

The digestive usoro mammals e ji ọnụnọ nke ígwè. Nke a bụ ozu, nke na-enzymes. The onu oghere bụ atọ na abụọ nke emepụta asọ mmiri. Ha secrete a slimy umi colorless. The mejupụtara nke asu na-mmiri, enzyme amylase na maltase na imi mucin. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha rụrụ ọrụ ya. Water wets nri lysozyme inactivates microorganisms na-agwọ ọnyá, amylase na maltase cleaves carbohydrate mucin nwere a echebe mmetụta.

The mejupụtara nke gastric ihe ọṅụṅụ na-agụnye hydrochloric acid, n'igbochi putrefactive Filiks ma na-akpali akpali locomotor ọrụ. Ọzọ bekee enzymes pepsin na lipase, nke na-karị rapara na-edozi na lipids. Hydrochloric acid bụ a na ya nọ n'ọrụ umi, ọ nwere ike corrode afo lining. Site na nke a na-eme na-echebe ndị imi (mucin).

The pancreas atanyekwa digestive juices, enzyme esịnede trypsin, amylase na lipase. Ha mesịrị rapara na ihe ọ bụla organic umi.

Great na ọrụ nke imeju. Ọ bụ mgbe niile kpụrụ bile. N'otu oge, ke obere eriri afọ, ya emulsifies abụba. Ihe kachasi mkpa nke usoro bụ ire ere nke a biopolymers n'ime obere ụmụ irighiri mmiri. Dị ka ndị dị otú ahụ, ha na-ngwa ngwa gbarie na etinye obi gị dum site idem. Ebighị nke enzymes, mụbara moto ọrụ nke eriri afọ, putrefaction stop - ọ bụ na-a ọrụ nke imeju.

Gịnị bụ enzymes

Na ugbu a ihe banyere ọdịdị na usoro nke ihe nke enzymes. Ka ndu akpali, ha adị n'elu chemical Jeremaya mere. The digestive tract nke mammals bụ nnoo dị nnọọ a ebe edinam nke enzymes.

Nri àgwà nke mammals

A set nke chemical mgbanwe nke bekee site na oge nke ikpughe na-erite na-akpọ metabolism. Nke a bụ a dị mkpa ọnọdụ maka uto, mmepe, na na ịdị adị nke ọ bụla dị ndụ organism. Iche iche iche iche nke mammals na ọtụtụ ụzọ na-emegharị ka mmepụta nri. N'Ike awakpo na-adịghị ike ụmụ anụmanụ. Iji mee nke a, ha nwere a na-mepụtara ezé, ya bụ na incisors na canines. Na ọtụtụ herbivorous na carnivorous umu. Nke otu mmasị bụ ruminants. Ha digestive usoro karịsịa mgbagwoju. The incisors bụ kpamkpam na-anọghị na n'elu, ha na-dochie anya a cross-ala eze na ezé na-underdeveloped. Nke a na Ọdịdị nke ezé dị mkpa iji na-ata ahihia - chịngọm. Giraffes, ehi na mgbada - na-ahụkarị ndị nnọchiteanya nke otu a nke ụmụ anụmanụ. Ha afo ekewa nkebi anọ. Ha na-akpọ rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum. Na mbụ na nke abụọ ata ata nri erekasịchaala n'ime siri ike na mmiri mmiri akụkụ. Chịngọm burped si afo azụ n'ime ọnụ na-ata ata ọzọ. Mgbe ahụ nke ọma esichara nri ozugbo ọkọkpọhi atọ ngalaba - akwụkwọ ahụ, na mgbe ahụ na - na abomasum. Na nke ikpeazụ a ngalaba ọ e doro ihe e ihe nke gastric ihe ọṅụṅụ, na n'ikpeazụ kewaa.

Non-ruminant ụmụ anụmanụ ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka anụ boars, ezi na hippos na a mfe otu-ulo afo na digestive usoro ọkọlọtọ.

Jidere nri, iji ụfọdụ mammals N'ịdị. Ya mere, ndị enyi na-eme oriri n'ime ọnụ iji ogwe. Na ụsụ na-eri nri na nectar, nwere a esisịt ihu na ire n'ụdị a ahịhịa. A pụrụ iche ngwaọrụ bụ na ngwaahịa nri. Ọtụtụ òké na-echekwa ọka na ǹtì pouches.

The digestive usoro mammals nwere a mgbagwoju Ọdịdị, nke bụ karịsịa dabere na ọdịdị nke ihe oriri na anụmanụ ndị a gburugburu.