The etoju nke bughi nzukọ nke protein ụmụ irighiri ma ọ bụ protein Ọdịdị

Ọdịdị nke ahụ protein molekul-amụ ihe karịrị 200 afọ. Ọ mara maka ọtụtụ-edozi. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha na e synthesized (e.g., insulin, RNase). Ihe bụ isi bughi na ọtọ unit nke protein ụmụ irighiri si amino asịd. Ọzọkwa na carboxyl na amino iche iche na-edozi nwere ndị ọzọ ọtọ iche iche, nke chọpụta ha Njirimara. Ìgwè ndị dị otú na-agụnye enịm ke mpụta branchings protein molekul: carboxy ìgwè nke aspartic acid ma ọ bụ glutamic acid, amino ìgwè nke lysine ma ọ bụ hydroxylysine, guanidine ìgwè nke arginine, na imidazole ìgwè nke histidine, na hydroxyl ìgwè nke serine na threonine, a phenol ìgwè nke tyrosine, na sulfhydryl ìgwè nke cysteine, disulfide ìgwè nke cystine, thioether ìgwè nke methionine, phenylalanine benzelnoe isi, aliphatic n'agbụ nke ọzọ amino asịd.

E nwere ihe anọ etoju nke bughi nzukọ nke protein ụmụ irighiri.

The isi Ọdịdị nke ahụ protein. Amino asịd na protein molekul na-Igbere site peptide agbụ, otú akpụ isi Ọdịdị. Ọ na-adabere qualitative mejupụtara nke amino asịd, ha na ọnụ ọgụgụ na usoro n'etiti ogige. The isi Ọdịdị nke ahụ protein Ọtụtụ kpebisiri ike site Sanger. The ule protein-emeso ya na a ngwọta ditroftorbenzola (DNP), si otú akpụ dinitrophenyl-protein (protein-DNP). Ekemende DNP-hydrolyzed protein kpụrụ fọduru protein molekul na DNP-amino acid. DNP-amino acid na-natara site na nke a ngwakọta na measurable hydrolysis. The ngwaahịa nke hydrolysis na-amino acid na dinitrobenzene. The fọdụrụnụ nke protein molekul eme na ọhụrụ akụkụ DNP ka ogologo dị ka dum molekul emebighị n'ime amino asịd. Dabere na quantitative amụ amino asịd ka elu isi Ọdịdị nke onye circuit protein. Mara isi Ọdịdị nke na-edozi insulin, myoglobin, haemoglobin, glucagon na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ).

Site usoro nke Edman protein-emeso ya na phenyl isothiocyanate. Mgbe ụfọdụ, iji proteolytic enzymes - trypsin, pepsin, chymotrypsin, peptidase, wdg

The abụọ Ọdịdị nke ahụ protein. American ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, na iji X-ray analysis, chọpụtara na protein polypeptide n'agbụ mgbe adị n'ụdị Alfa-helices na mgbe ụfọdụ beta owuwu.

Alpha-helix tụnyere na a gburugburu steepụ, nke na-arụ ọrụ nke degrees nke amino acid residues. Na ụmụ irighiri fibrillar edozi (silk fibroin) polypeptide yinye na-fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam agbatị (beta-Ọdịdị) na ndokwa n'ụdị ngalaba, Nọsi'ike site hydrogen agbụ.

Alpha-helix pụrụ kpụrụ spontaneously na sịntetik polypeptides (dederon, naịlọn), nke nwere a molekụla arọ nke si 10 20 puku. Ee. Na akụkụ ụfọdụ nke molekul na-edozi (insulin, haemoglobin, RNAse) etịbede Alfa helical nhazi nke peptide yinye, na-guzobere helical Ọdịdị nke ọzọ ụdị.

The tertiary Ọdịdị nke ahụ protein. Gburugburu akụkụ ụfọdụ nke polypeptide yinye nke protein molekul nọ dị iche iche mmekọrịta nke chọpụta tertiary (atọ akụkụ) Ọdịdị, ụdị na udi nke olu nke protein molekul. Ọ na-kweere na tertiary Ọdịdị nke ahụ akpaka na emee ruru otu mmekọrịta amino acid residues nke mgbaze ụmụ irighiri. N'ihi ya hydrophobic radicals "mmasị" n'ime protein molekul, akpụ ha akọrọ mpaghara na hydrophilic iche iche na-agba mbọ kwupụta mgbaze, nke na-eduga ná guzobe energetically mma-egosi molekul. Usoro a na-esonyere guzobe intramolecular agbụ. The tertiary Ọdịdị nke ahụ protein molekul transcribed maka RNAse, haemoglobin, lysozyme ọkụkọ àkwá.

The quaternary Ọdịdị nke ahụ protein. Nke a na ụdị Ọdịdị nke ahụ protein molekul emee ka a n'ihi mkpakọrịta nke ọtụtụ subunits ike n'ime otu molekul. Onye ọ bụla subunit nwere a bụ isi, sekọndrị na tertiary Ọdịdị.