The eze ukwu ikpeazụ nke China: aha, biography

The eze ukwu ikpeazụ nke China - Pu Yi - ihe iconic ọgụgụ ndị mere nke China. Ọ bụ n'oge ọchịchị ya, na mba-bịara jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ gbanwee site a monarchical ka a Kọmunist, mgbe e mesịrị na-aghọ a oké njọ player na mba arena.

aha Meaning

Na China, ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịkpọ aha akwa edidem, nyere ya na nwa - ọ bụ a ọtụtụ narị afọ-ochie. The eze ukwu ikpeazụ nke aha-ya bu a dara ụda China, kwekọrọ ekwekọ na eze - "Syuantun" ( "dịrị n'otu").

ezinụlọ

Ikpeazụ Emperor of China bụ n'ezie Chinese nationals bụ. Ya na ezinụlọ ya Aisin Gioro ( «Golden agbụrụ") so Manchu Qing usoro ndị eze, nke na-achị n'oge ahụ, ihe karịrị narị afọ ise.

Nna Pu m Zaifeng, Prince Chun, ẹkenịmde na ọkwá dị elu na ike nke elu-ogo (nke abụọ Grand Duke), ma akwa edidem ọ dịghị mgbe bụ. N'ozuzu, nna Pu m ike na-eleghara anya site ọ bụla metụtara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.

Nne Pu m Yulan nwere a n'ezie nwoke agwa. Zụlitere nna-general, ọ nọ n'okpuru nke dum alaeze ukwu ikpe ma taa ya ahụhụ maka nwetụrụ iwe. Nke a na-eche ma na-arụ ọrụ na mmadụ n'ezie Yulan hà na ọnọdụ. Ohu,-onozi, na ọ nwere ike a ga-egbu maka ihe ọ bụla na-eju ya afọ ya anya, na ozugbo na-akụ nwaanyị.

Direct achị China bụ Uncle Pu Yi, nakwa dị ka nwa nwanne nna Tszayfena - Tszaytyan, mgbe e mesịrị na-akpọ "Guangxu". Ọ bụ ya onye nọchiri ya na ghọrọ ikpeazụ Emperor nke China.

nwata

Pu Yi nwere lagoro ocheeze dị ka n'oge dị ka afọ abụọ. Mgbe ahụ, ndị ikpeazụ Emperor of China (afọ nke ndụ: 1906-1967) e gaa na Forbidden City - ebe obibi ndị ọchịchị personages nke China.

Pu Yi bụ nnọọ mwute na obi nwa, ka na-akpụ akpụ a ebe ọhụrụ na echichi emeghị ka ya ihe ọ bụla ma anya mmiri.

A akwa bụ ya mere. Mgbe ọnwụ ya na 1908 Tszaytyanya ya mere na nwa afọ gara Alaeze Ukwu, tọrọ ụgwọ, ịda ogbenye na-egwu na ida. Ihe kpatara nke a dị nnọọ mfe: aka ike Yulan ike echiche na Tszaytyan mebiri emebi uche, na mere nke mere na ya nọchiri a họpụtara nwa a na nwa nwanne nna nke na-achị eze ukwu ahụ, bụ nke Pu Yi

N'ihi ya, nwa okoro enịm a regent nke nna-ya, ọ bụghị-egbukepụ egbukepụ amuma ma ọ bụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị savvy, na mgbe ọ dị iche iche oké-nwanne mama Lun YU ya. M na-eche ihe nna m Pu m fọrọ nke nta mgbe hụrụ na nwata ma ọ bụ na-eto eto.

Ọ ga-kwuru na Pu Yi bụ, ihe ndị ọzọ, na nwa ahụ ike (ma e wezụga n'ihi na afo nsogbu), na; na fun. Ọtụtụ n'ime oge na Forbidden City ntorobịa eze ukwu nọrọ n'ụlọikpe onozi na egwuregwu na-ekwu na ndị nọọsụ ya gburugburu ka afọ asatọ.

Special nkwanye ùgwù na ụjọ Pu m nwetara tupu a na-akpọ okenye nne Duan Kan. Ọ bụ nke a na nlezianya nwaanyị na-akụzi obere Pu m zaznaykoy bụghị eweda agbata obi.

Military kuu na abdication

The eze ukwu ikpeazụ nke China, onye biography azụlitewo a ukwuu mwute ụkpụrụ bụ negligible - a obere ihe karịrị afọ atọ (3 afọ na 2 ọnwa). Mgbe Xinhai mgbanwe nke 1911 Lun YU aka omume nke abdication (na 1912).

The ọhụrụ ọchịchị hapụrụ Pu m alaeze ukwu n'obí ùgwù ndị ọzọ, nke dabeere a elu onye. Eleghị anya na-emetụta ùgwù maka ịbụisi na kweere na Chinese DNA. Karịsịa egbu iche na Chinese mgbanwe si Soviet, ebe na-achị achị ezinụlọ Emperor Nicholas II e mesoro dị ka iwu nke ọchịchị aka ike, na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla ndumodu nke ndi mmadu.

Ọzọkwa, ọchịchị ọhụrụ hapụrụ Pu m ikike inweta ọzụzụ. Ikpeazụ Emperor nke China na iri na anọ na afọ amụ English, ọ makwaara otú e si Manchu na Chinese. Site ndabara, mmasị na iwu Konufutsiya. English nkụzi Pu Yi, Rezhninald Johnston, mere ya a n'ezie n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Ụwa na ọbụna nye ya a European aha - Henry. M na-eche ihe ha yiri asụsụ Pu Yi mere na-amasị, na-akụziri nnọọ ekweghiekwe (kwa afọ nwere ike inyocha naanị banyere iri atọ okwu), mgbe ndị English, tinyere Johnston kụziiri na oke-elekọta na ịdị uchu.

Pu Yi ndọ nnọọ n'oge, na afọ iri na isii, na nwa nwaanyị nke a agadi ukara Wang Rong. Ma, iwu nwunye Pu m afọ, ya mere, dị ka a hụrụ (ma ọ bụ iko) were a Wen Xiu.

Ọ dịghị ihe na (na ọ dịghị onye na) ala na onye eze ukwu bi otú a ruo 1924, mgbe Ndị mmadụ Republic of China nwere apụta ya ndị ọzọ nke ụmụ amaala. Pu Yi na nwunye ya na-ahapụ Machibidoro Iwu City.

Manchukuo

Mgbe Ịchụpụ nke butere n'aka ala Pu m gara n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ China - territtoriyu, na-achịkwa site Japanese agha. Na 1932 e guzobere a na-azọrọ-ala-akpọ Manchukuo. Ọ bụ ya onye na-achị na ghọrọ ikpeazụ Emperor nke China. History, Otú ọ dị, nke a na saịtị na-anọ nwa oge nwere Chinese n'ókèala nnọọ prediktebul. Real ike, dị ka na Kọmunist China, Pu Yi na Manchukuo nweghị. Ọ bụla akwụkwọ ọ na-agụ ma na-aka ha na-enweghị na-achọ, ọ fọrọ nke nta n'okpuru okpukpo nke Japanese "advisors". Dị ka Nicholas II, onye Pu Yi e kere maka a n'ezie, oha, karịsịa ndị dị otú ahụ a nnukwu na mfịna. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ na Manchukuo bụ eze ukwu ikpeazụ nke China nwere ike otu ugboro ọzọ laghachi maara ndụ, na nke mere ka Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ.

New obibi "eze ukwu" ghọrọ obodo Changchun. Ókèala a na-azọrọ-ekwu bụ nnọọ oké njọ - karịrị otu nde square kilomita na a bi na nke nde mmadụ 30. Site n'ụzọ, n'ihi na ndị na-abụghị ude nke League of Nations Manchukuo Japan aghaghị ịhapụ nzukọ ghọrọ prototype nke UN. More ọchịchọ ịmata eziokwu na ruo afọ iri, ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, na Manchukuo ike diplomatic mmekọahụ a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke European na Asian mba. Ha bụ, n'ihi na ihe atụ, ígwè Italy, Romania, France, Denmark, Croatia, Hong Kong.

Eleezie, n'oge ọchịchị Pu Yi nke Manchukuo aku na uba tọrọ. Nke a mere n'ihi na nnukwu ego ego na Japan na mpaghara: ụba Ngwuputa (ore, coal), ịzụlite agriculture na arọ ụlọ ọrụ.

Ọzọkwa, Pu Yi nnọọ enyi na enyi na Japanese Emperor Hirohito. N'ihi nzute ya Pu m ugboro abụọ gara Japan.

Soviet n'agha

Na 1945 Red Army ụgbọala na Japanese agha si ha n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ala gaa Manchukuo. Ọ e zubere na Pu Yi ga-ngwa ngwa zigara Tokyo. Otú ọ dị, ndị agha Soviet rutere Mukden, na Pu Yi e weere site ụgbọelu na Soviet Union. Ọ gbalịrị maka "mpu" ma ọ bụ, kama nke ahụ, n'ihi na ọ bụ ihe masịrị nke Japanese ọchịchị.

Ná mmalite, bụ eze ukwu ikpeazụ nke China na-Chita, ebe ọ na ebubo ma jide ya. Chita ọ gaa Khabarovsk, ebe ọ na-enwe na a POW mara ụlọikwuu elu n'ohu. E Pu Yi bụ a obere ala na nke ọ pụrụ itinye aka na ugbo.

Mgbe Tokyo usoro Pu m pụtara dị ka a àmà na ama megide Japan. Na-aga azụ China, na ọ chọghị, n'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, ya kpọrọ oké atụle-akpụ akpụ na United States ma ọ bụ na Great Britain. Chinese oké ozu egwu nke ọhụrụ Chinese ọchịchị, edu Mao Zedong. Ego na-aga, o nwere, dị ka niile jewels nọgidere na ya. Na Chita Pu m ọbụna gbalịrị gabiga Soviet ọgụgụ isi akwụkwọ ozi, bụ nke e degaara US President Geri Trumenu, ma ọ bụghị ime.

Laghachi China

Na 1950, Soviet ọchịchị agbala Pu m China. E, bụbu eze ukwu nọ na-ekpe ikpe site isiokwu bụ "agha mpụ." No maka ya, N'ezie, e nyere. Pu Yi ghọrọ nkịtị mkpọrọ na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla ùgwù. Ma, o nnọọ nwayọọ were isi ike nile nke mkpọrọ ndụ.

Mgbe ịnọ n'ụlọnga, Pu Yi ọkara nke na-arụ ọrụ oge nọrọ na mmepụta nke igbe maka pencils na ndị ọzọ - ọmụmụ nke Kọmunist akụziri dabeere na ọrụ nke Karl Marx na Vladimir Lenin. Ọnụ na ndị mkpọrọ ndị ọzọ Pu Yi abuana na-ewu nke ámá egwuregwu ụlọ mkpọrọ, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ma na-eme ndokwa ọma n'ókèala.

N'ụlọ mkpọrọ, Pu Yi-nwetara ikewapụ ya nke atọ na nwunye, Li Yuqin.

Mgbe itoolu mkpọrọ afọ Pu Yi e nyere mgbaghara maka ezi omume, na ideological reeducation.

The ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya

Atọhapụ, Pu Yi bi na Beijing. Ọ naara ọrụ na Botanical Garden, ebe ọ na-emekwa ụfọdụ na cultivation nke orchids. Ebe a, akpali mmasị, ọ nyeere anọ na Soviet n'agha, ebe Pu Yi bụ nso n'ala.

Ọ dịghịzi ihe ọ bụla na-ekwu ma ọ bụ choro ihe ọ bụla. Ụka ọ bụ nsọpụrụ, courteous, na-akwanyere ùgwù obi umeala.

The ọrụ nke ihe ndị nkịtị Chinese amaala bụghị nnọọ obi erughị Pu Yi Ọ mụrụ ihe bụ nso obi, na-arụ ọrụ na ya biography akpọ "Site Emperor ka Citizen".

Na 1961, Pu Yi sonyeere CCP na ghọrọ onye òtù nke State Archives. Na afọ 58, ọ, na abụba na posts na Archive, sonyeere Chinese Political Consultative Council.

Ná ngwụsị nke ndụ Pu m zutere ya nke anọ (na ikpeazụ) na nwunye ya, ya na ha bi ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke ụbọchị. Aha ya bụ Lee Shuasyan. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka a nurse na a mfe n'usoro ọmụmụ ndị nwere ike ghara ịnya isi. Lee nnọọ nke tọrọ Pu Yi, na 1962 na ọ bụ naanị 37 afọ. Ma, n'agbanyeghị na a oké njọ dị iche na afọ, di na nwunye biri ndụ ise obi ụtọ afọ, ruo mgbe 1967, Pu Yi agabigawo si imeju cancer.

Ọ bụ na-akpali na Lee Shuasyan bụ naanị nwunye a Chinese nwaanyị, Pu Yi maka nwa afọ nke Manchuria, n'ezie, na-enwetụbeghị ụdị.

Mmefu na Pu olili ozu ma were a PDA, si otú na-ekwupụta nkwanye ùgwù maka ihe eze ukwu ikpeazụ nke China. The ahụ kpọrọ ozu ya ọkụ.

Children na Pu Yi bụghị site na otu n'ime ihe anọ ahụ nwunye.

Ime Shuasyan akpa ke 1997, anwụghị di ya iri atọ na afọ.

Pu Yi na sinima

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Pu Yi bụ ya mere na-akpali akpali, ọ bụ na e kere dabere na sere "The ikpeazụ Emperor". A film banyere eze ukwu ikpeazụ nke China were Italian director Bernardo Bertolucci na 1987.

Film-akatọ relished akụkọ, nke e abuana bụ eze ukwu ikpeazụ nke China: fim natara fọrọ nke nta kacha ekwu ọnụ ahịa.

The picture bụ nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma: merie ndị "Oscar" na itoolu ige, "Golden Globe" na anọ, na "Cesar" Award "Felix" na "Grammy" na ihe award si Japanese Academy Awards.

Nke ahụ bụ eze ukwu ikpeazụ nke China, ihe nkiri nke e mere ihe ịga nke ọma wee nadigh anwu anwu na ụwa nke art.

omume ntụrụndụ

Kemgbe ọ bụ nwata, Pu Yi masịrị ụwa gburugburu ha. Ọ na-dọtara site anụmanụ chọpụtara, nke ọ hụrụ n'anya nke ukwuu. Little Pu Yi hụrụ n'anya na-egwu na kamel ha, na-ekiri ịhụ otú iji hazie ndụ ndanda bred earthworms. N'ọdịnihu, a ahuhu n'ihi na uwa aghọwo naanị ike, mgbe Pu Yi ghọrọ onye ọrụ nke botanical ogige.

The uru nke ihe nlereanya ndị mere Pu Yi

Atụ Pu Yi bụ nnọọ ihe e ji mara nke akụkọ ihe mere eme usoro nke mbubreyo XIX - n'oge XX narị afọ. Alaeze ukwu ya, nakwa dị ka a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke European, bụghị lanahụ ule nke ọhụrụ oge na ike ikwu na ya ngwa ngwa oku.

Ikpeazụ Chinese eze ukwu Pu Onye biography siri ike ma na ọdachi, bụ n'ụzọ ụfọdụ a njigide akụkọ ihe mere eme.

Ma ọ bụghị n'ihi na akụ na ụba ọnọdụ nke China si otú arọ na esịtidem feuds n'etiti ozu ike zuru ezu, ma eleghị anya, Pu Yi emecha nwere ike ibu ihe ndị kasị European nke Asian eze. Otú ọ dị, ọ tụgharịrị na dị iche iche. N'ime oge ahụ, Pu Yi ezi ihe kwesịrị ekwesị na kommunististicheskuyu party na malitere iji chebe ndị gbasara ya.