The kacha mma ọrụ nke Pasternak B.: A ndepụta nke na-akpali eziokwu na reviews

Boris Pasternak - Russian na-ede uri na onye so dee. Ọ na-nwere ihe kasị mma nsụgharị nke Shakespeare na ndị ọzọ na mba ọzọ ochie. Pasternak e ọdịda nke Nobel Nrite. N'ihi na ihe akwụkwọ Russian dere natara a prestigious award? Oleekwa ọrụ na-egwuri site na ihe omume ná ndụ ya? Pasternak ọrụ - isiokwu nke isiokwu.

biography

Boris Pasternak A mụrụ Moscow, na a okike ezinụlọ. Nna m bụ onye na-ese. Nne - pianist. Pasternak n'ulo e odude ke obi nke isi obodo. The na-ede uri site na nwata gbara gburugburu nka. The ụlọ agakarị ma ama dere, nka na egwú. Otu ulo Pasternak gara ọbụna Rilke. Maruuru German ede uri, andiwet Scriabin na ndị ọzọ na ndị a ma ama keere òkè dị mkpa na mmepe nke a okike àgwà.

Pasternak ọrụ egosipụta mmetụta nke o natara dị ka a nwa. Otu ụbọchị, ọ dara n'okpuru-efega nke protesters gbakọtara egbu anụ. N'ihi ya, ọ ga-ede afọ mgbe e mesịrị na otu nke ya poems. N'ọdịnihu na-ede uri, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. Teachers see ahịhịa na ịnọgidesi ike nke a na-eto eto. Ọchịchọ maka izu okè bụ ghara ịhapụ ndụ ya.

Boris Pasternak, ọ gụchara akwụkwọ na ngalaba nke Iwu na Moscow. Ọ mụrụ nkà ihe ọmụma na Germany. Nne na nna ya, ọ gara Venice na 1912. Ụfọdụ ọrụ nke Pasternak, e dere ná mmalite nke narị afọ ahụ, na-ebunye echeta nke a njem Europe.

Na 1921, ezinụlọ ekpe Russia. Ndị nne na nna na nwanne biri na Berlin. The na-ede uri na ya kemgbe 1936 intermittently biri Peredelkino. Russian edemede na-ede uri, nwụrụ na 1960. E liri ya na-eli ozu, nke dị nso n'obodo nta nke onye dere na Peredelkino.

Mmalite nke creativity

Mgbe alọta Germany, ọdịnihu na-ede uri kpebiri iji si ugbu a kacha nke oge na-amụ nkà ihe ọmụma. Oge a nwekwara mmalite nke ya edemede ụzọ. Pasternak n'oge ọrụ e kere n'okpuru nduzi nke ọrụ nke Russian Futurists. Otu n'ime ihe ndị na-ede uri bụ ndị nwere on budding edemede mmetụta, nke mbụ, anyị kwesịrị banyere Vladimir Mayakovsky.

The kasị ama ọrụ nke Pasternak, na ndepụta nke na-dị n'okpuru, e kere mgbe mgbanwe. Ma akpa collection of ya edemede o bipụtara na 1913. Otú ọ dị, ọ gụnyere ọ bụghị nanị na ọrụ ya kamakwa poems nke ọzọ na-ede uri.

Na 1916, o bipụtara akwụkwọ "Karịsịa ihe mgbochi". Na ọrụ nke na-ede uri na na oge ọ na-pụtara ọma mara na edemede okirikiri Boris Pasternak. Works na-gụnyere na nke a collection: "Ọrịa a na ọrịa", "Yard", "oyi igwe", "Obi Ụtọ", "Echo", "Swifts", "Ural maka oge mbụ", "Ịhapụ-elu", "snowstorm" na ndị ọzọ.

"My Sister - Life"

Nke a collection e bipụtara na 1922. N'otu a nkịtị echiche na oge a na Pasternak ọrụ. List of poems esịne ke collection "My Sister - Life":

1. "Now na anya mmiri."
2. "Life".
3. "February, na ink na-akwa ákwá!".
4. "Station".

Echeta na nwata na-eto eto Pasternak jikọtara na in-a me ọrụ. The ndepụta n'elu bụ na-enweghị ike ịgwụcha agwụcha. Kasị nke poems na-gụnyere na nke a collection e kere na 1917. Na na afọ abụọ tupu ya n'akwụkwọ Pasternak dere uri "narị itoolu na ise afọ", "Spektorsky", "Lieutenant Schmidt".

prose

Ke mbubreyo iri abụọ, Boris Pasternak dere obere uri. Ọ na atụgharịa prose. Na mbụ ha obere edemede, memoirs. Na 1930, o bipụtara akwụkwọ "Nchekwa Omume". N'oge a, na ike nke na onye dere kama mma. Otú ọ dị, n'oge na-adịghị ya mmekọrita n'ọdịnihu na-ede akwụkwọ nke nchụàjà "Doctor Zhivago" agbanweela.

na doghouse

Ụfọdụ oge Pasternak-emeso ya na a na-akwanyere na ọbụna mmasị Stalin. Mgbe njide nke Gumilev dere ya a akwụkwọ ozi nke ọ jụrụ n'ihi na ntọhapụ nke ndị na-ede uri. Arịrịọ e mere. Na n'oge na-adịghị tọhapụrụ. Ma mmekọahụ n'etiti Pasternak na Soviet ọchịchị nwere soured na 1936. Si na-ede uri malitere ịchọ ideological ọdịnaya, nke na odide ya na-azọrọ na e. Pasternak, n'aka nke ya, bụ ike izute a chọrọ. Na ya poems malitere ịpụta ọzọ na ndị ọzọ n'ụzọ doro anya na mwute shades.

nsụgharị

Na forties, obere dere Boris Pasternak. Famous ọrụ nke Shakespeare, Goethe, Schiller e zigara ha. N'ihi ya, ọ zọpụtara ya na ezinụlọ ya si a enweghi ego. Ma o mesịrị kweta na ọ nọrọ ya kacha mma afọ na-enyefe, mgbe ọ ka na enwe ike ike a otutu lyric na prose arụ ọrụ. Ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke ụbọchị, onye dere bụ na doghouse. On n'akwụkwọ nke ọrụ ya, na nke ajụjụ.

Pasternak, onye kacha mma na-arụ ọrụ naanị ke mbubreyo eighties maara e Soviet na-agụ akwụkwọ, na-gbanwee mgbe ọnwụ ya. N'afọ 1988, ndị nchụàjà "Doctor Zhivago" mbụ e bipụtara na ndị Soviet Union. Ọ bụ nanị na nineties banyere uri omume na dere Boris Pasternak.

The Nobel Nrite

N'ihi na ihe na-arụ ọrụ o e ọdịda nke onye dere ihe a na-akwanyere ùgwù award? Nchụàjà "Doctor Zhivago", bipụtara na 1958 na Soviet Union ama na-agụ site na a ole na ole nke mmadụ. Nobel Nrite e ọdịda ka onye edemede maka ya onyinye mmepe nke The Epic Russian akwụkwọ. Soviet isi dị ka akwụkwọ bụ "Doctor Zhivago" a na-akpọ a iteto. Gafee mba, malitere baiting.

Pasternak a chụpụrụ si Dere 'Union. Banyere ya ekewet iwe isiokwu site ma ama dere, gụnyere Sergei Mikhalkov. Semiofficial nnọchiteanya nke Soviet prose choro ịnapụ na-ede akwụkwọ nke controversial akwụkwọ nke ụmụ amaala na achụpụ mba. Pasternak, na-atọ ụtọ nke ndị iro ya, na-etinye, ma ọ nọ na kwa nke ọma mara na Europe. Ihe ijuanya bụ na akwụkwọ a katọrọ ọtụtụ ndị. Ma fọrọ nke nta onye ọ bụla n'ime ha na-agụ ya.

Mgbe e mesịrị, na-ede uri dere abụ na-akpọ "Nobel Nrite". N'ihi na nke a na-arụ ọrụ ọ kpọrọ ndị Lubyanka. N'oge a, ọ n'ezie egwu site na ebubo nke "ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru." Ma, dabara nke ọma, ọ dịghị ihe mere.

Ya mere, Pasternak ghọrọ nke abụọ Russian Nobel Laureate akwụkwọ. Nke mbụ bụ Ivan Bunin. The akwụkwọ, n'ihi na nke ọ e ọdịda nke na-agbata n'ọsọ, a na-akpọ ogologo asịrị na n'ala nna ya. Gịnị mere ọrụ bụ ihe ndị kpatara nke ukwuu asị?

"Doctor Zhivago"

A ngwaahịa na emewo ka a oké ifufe nke iwe, na-agwa banyere akara aka nke nwa a odida na-azụ ahịa. The protagonist - Yuri Zhivago - a na nkpuru nke ugboro n'ezinụlọ bara ọgaranya. Ma nna-ya mikpuru dum uba na aṅụrụma. The dike nke nchụàjà were na muta nke di na nwunye Gromeko. Yuri etolite na nwa ha nwaanyị, Tonya, onye mesịrị ga-aghọ nwunye ya.

Yuri ghọrọ a dọkịta. N'otu oge, mgbe m bụ ka a na-amụrụ, ọ hụrụ na ọdachi idaha: nwa agbọghọ mere nwara igbu maara nke ọma Moscow ọkàiwu Komarovsky. Nwoke a ozugbo-etinye aka ya na mbibi nke ndị na-ebi dissolute nna. Yuri-echeta mgbe niile girl, na-agbalị iji na-agbapụ Komarovsky. Aha ya bụ Larissa. O we ghọrọ ya n'anya, afọ mgbe e mesịrị, n'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ, mgbe Yuri bụ onye dọkịta nke otu n'ime n'ógbè n'ụlọ ọgwụ.

The agha obodo emewo ihe niile isi n'ala. Zhivago azụ Moscow, ma na ụlọ ebe ọ nọrọ ya na-eto eto, na-now mba a kiateka Markel. Na Yuri ọ ugbu a na-ekwu okwu dị iche iche. Mgbe niile, e nwere okwu: onye ọ bụla ga-aghọ ihe niile. Zhivago lụọ nwunye Markel ada n'oge na-adịghị nwụrụ nke a obi ọgụ. The ikpeazụ isi nke akwụkwọ e a nzukọ nke enyi Zhivago. Otu n'ime ha - Michael Gordon - maara extramarital ada George na bụ a collection of ya poems. Otu n'ime ndị a uri ọrụ:

1. "Hamlet".
2. "Na Nsọ."
3. "Wedding".
4. "Mgbụsị akwụkwọ."
5. "White Night".
6. "Ịkwụsị Dawn."
7. "Winter Night".
8. "Ọrụ Ebube".
9. "Magdalene."
10. "The ọjọọ ụbọchị."