The ndụ okirikiri nke mosses: usoro nke nzọụkwụ

Iji ogide ọhụrụ oghere, oge ochie osisi nwere imeghari ka a kpam kpam ọhụrụ ọnọdụ ibi ndụ. Ka ihe atụ, na-adịgide adịgide na ọnwụ nke mmiri site evaporation akwalite omume na-echebe wax oyi akwa. The enweghị support na ikuku, na iche mmiri mere ka e guzobere a zuru ezu isiike ahụ, agbanwe ụkpụrụ nke osisi respiration, gas mgbanwe. Okpomọkụ na Biochemical ọnọdụ aghọwo kpamkpam dị iche iche, na osisi ọma na-emegharị ka ha. Tụlee ihe nke a n'isiokwu na usoro ndụ nke mosses.

Gịnị bụ akpaetu?

Mosses - a otu oge ochie ntule. Dị ka ụfọdụ echiche, ha bụ nna nna nke ugbu a ẹdude terrestrial osisi. Mmiri na mbara ala anyị - isi iyi nke ndụ, nke sitere ihe nile dị ndụ, gụnyere osisi. About 420 nde afọ gara aga ụmụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ algae malitere inyocha ala.

The kasị iche usoro otú ahụ na ngwaọrụ ike deere si akpaetu. Dị ka ihe atụ, isi ọnọdụ maka ihe ịga nke ọma ozuzu nke algae bụ ọnụnọ nke mmiri. Mosses nwekwara ike mụta nwa naanị site n'ọnụ mmiri.

The ndụ okirikiri nke mosses bụ akpali nnọọ mmasị. Ndị niile na nke elu osisi ha bụ ndị kasị oge ochie ntule. Bryophyta ma ọ bụ na-agbasa akpaetu ezinụlọ - a multicellular osisi, ọ fọrọ nke nta nke na-enweghị conductive ákwà. Ya mere, na nke nke a ntule dị nnọọ obere - 1 mm 50 cm nwere akpaetu enweghị mgbọrọgwụ, ha na-mmasị ka n'elu ụwa threadlike ejiji, rhizoids, nke osisi banye mmiri .. Rhizoids iso mgbe ụfọdụ nke a otu cell. N'ụzọ dị iche na mgbọrọgwụ nke osisi ndị ọzọ na-enwe multicellular conductive ákwà. N'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke akpaetu ahụ nwere ike Olee ihe enyemaka na-akọwa dị ka azuokokoosisi na epupụta. Otú ọ dị, ha na-n'ezie ezi yiri ị ga na epupụta nke osisi ndị ọzọ na mbara ala na ya Ọdịdị.

Ebe izute?

Mosses ọma na-emegharị ka ndụ na a dịgasị iche iche nke okpomọkụ na Ọnọdụ Ihu Igwe na hụrụ fọrọ nke nta nile na mbara ala, si polar ógbè ndị e nwere okpomọkụ. Ha na-ọma adị ke ọnọdụ nke elu iru mmiri - na n'ọhịa, n'ugwu. E nwekwara akpaetu na akọrọ ebe. Ịlanahụ mossy etiwapụ - ha nwere ike idi nnọọ elu okpomọkụ, ruo 70 degrees Celsius. Na akọrọ climates mosses emegharị ịdaba n'ọnọdụ nke enweghị ihe na-aga aga metụtara na n'oge a kara aka na ihu igwe fluctuations. Na mmiri zoo na ikuku okpomọkụ na-lowered, ala a na-gwara, na akpaetu "ndụ", amụba okirikiri amalite. Tụlee uru nke esemokwu na usoro ndụ nke mosses.

Ọnọdụ ibi ndụ nke mosses

Akpaetu na-etolite nke ọma na ebe ndị na-enweghị ìhè anyanwụ, n'ihi na ihe atụ ke abaitiat, cracks na crevices nke nkume, na-ewere ndị na gburugburu ebe obibi niches ebe adịghị ike idi osisi ndị ọzọ.

The naanị ebe akpaetu nwere ike adịghị adị - ọ bụ saline Ona nso n'oké osimiri.

Oké gbasiri spores nke mosses. Na ifufe na ha nwere ike njem dị anya. Ọganihu nke spores anọgide ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ.

Mosses akpọkọtara ọkpụrụkpụ mee nke mmiri, ya mere, iji ha bụ ụkpụrụ nke mmiri itule nke a odida obodo. Ya mere, maka ilekota akpaetu dị oké mkpa. Ke adianade do, n'ihi na ụfọdụ umu, akpaetu bụ isi nri isi.

On n'ala taa, e nwere ihe 30,000 ụdị mosses. Ọkà mmụta sayensị were ndị a osisi na morphology, Ọdịdị na ụzọ nke spore capsules agbasa spores.

Mosses nwere ike mụta nwa ma site spores na vegetatively. The ndụ okirikiri nke mosses na-adịkwaghị mmekọahụ n'elu asexual emana.

Deciduous mosses ma ọ bụ briopsidy

Nke a bụ a kama ibu klas nke osisi, nke na-anọchi anya 15 puku ụdị mosses. Ha dị nnọọ iche iche anya, size na udi. Nke a na osisi bụ a stalk kpuchie epupụta na-ndokwa spirally gburugburu azuokokoosisi. The kasị mkpa ogbo nke mmepe ha na-akpọ gametophyte. Method ozuzu leafy mosses - spores. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ndị a osisi na-hụrụ na keguru mmiri ebe, swamps na tundra. Kukushkin flax na peat akpaetu - na-ahụkarị ndị nnọchiteanya briopsidov.

hepatic mosses

Liverworts anọchi anya abụọ subclasses: jungermanniales na marshantsievye. Ndị a osisi na-hiri nne - 8500 umu. Dị ka hardwood akpaetu gametophyte - kasị elu ogbo nke ha viability. The osisi ya onwe ya bụ a oké azuokokoosisi na epupụta, nke na-emi odude tinyere azuokokoosisi. The usoro mmeputakwa - esemokwu nke na-na-ekesa site na a pụrụ iche na ngwaọrụ, a ụdị "isi iyi", nke a na-akpọ elaters. Ndị a osisi na-ọma ike iru mmiri nke ebe okpomọkụ na ọnọdụ climates. N'etiti ndị nnọchiteanya - marchantia polymorphic, ptilidium ciliated, blefarostroma volosolistnaya, na ndị ọzọ.

Antotserotovye mosses

Nke a na klas na-adịghị otú ọtụtụ, ọ na-anọchi anya 300 ụdị osisi. Sporophyte - kacha mkpa ogbo na ndụ okirikiri nke osisi. Lee antotserotovye mosses ka thallus - a ahu nke e bụghị akpaghasịwo n'ime mgbọrọgwụ, na esiwe na epupụta. Eto ndị a mosses na iru mmiri nke ebe okpomọkụ na oke ohia na ọnọdụ zones. Antotseros - a typical nnọchiteanya nke a na klas.

KUKUSHKINA flax ndụ okirikiri ga-kọwara n'okpuru ebe a. Akpaetu Kukushkin flax - bụ a perennial osisi. Ya Ọdịdị bụ a na-mepụtara Ọdịdị. The isi kwụ azuokokoosisi nke aja aja epupụta na-enweghị sekọndrị stalk, guzo ogologo, branched ma ọ bụ otu.

The abụọ azuokokoosisi kpuchie na ọchịchịrị akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ aka ike, dị ka ihe awl, mpempe akwụkwọ. Ndị a ị ga nwere ike iru a elu nke 10-15 cm 40 cm. The ala epupụta ndị flakes. The osisi nwere a oge ochie conductive usoro nke bụ ike nke na-akpụ akpụ mmiri, na mineral na epupụta tinyere azuokokoosisi. Ya rhizoids nwere ike iru a n'ogologo nke fọrọ nke nta 40 cm.

ebe ibu nke akpaetu Kukushkin flax

Kukushkin flax puru na ndị na-emekarị nke ọma na mmiri ebe, swamps, udu mmiri ahịhịa juru na spruce ọhịa, hụrụ anwụ. Na-emeghe ebe ọ na-eto eto ezigbo ike, akada niile ọhụrụ ókèala. Ya ị ga na-ka uko "Kechie" ala na mkpụrụ nke osisi ndị ọzọ na-eto eto na-. A osisi a na ezubere iche site na-egbutu nke ọhịa ma ọ bụ conflagration. Nke a akpaetu bụ nnọọ nke ọma na-amịkọrọ mmiri. Njupụta nke osisi retains mmiri na ala. N'ihi na nke a ọ bụ na mmiri na-egbu osisi ebe.

Ndị mmadụ ogologo-eji nke a osisi dị ka a na-enye okpomọkụ. Caulk na-enyemaka nke mgbidi nke log ụlọ. Mgbe ụfọdụ na-eji dị ka a ọgwụ ogwu maka oyi.

Kukushkin flax abuana ke kpụworo peat. Nke a bụ a bara uru fatịlaịza, a mma akụrụngwa maka chemical ụlọ ọrụ.

The ndụ okirikiri nke mosses Kukushkin Len

Akpaetu Kukushkin flax - a dioecious osisi. Nke a na onu, mgbe onye ị ga nke otu osisi na-guzobere abụghị nwoke akụkụ - nwoke na nwaanyị.

Kukushkin flax mepụtara site na eri oké nri nke ọgbọ abụọ - asexual na-enwe mmekọahụ. Sporophyte - a akpaetu ndụ okirikiri, na-akpata ihe asexual cell guzobere. Ha na-ebu a diploid set of chromosomes. Gametophyte - dị iche iche usoro ndụ nke otu osisi, nke culminates ke kpụworo gametes, izizi mkpụrụ ndụ na-ebu naanị otu set of chromosomes - haploid.

Ugbu a, m ghọtara ihe mere ná ndụ okirikiri nke mosses na-adịkwaghị mmekọahụ n'elu asexual emana.

Igbe na esemokwu, dị ka ndị mmadụ, dị ka cuckoo ọdụ na a osisi. Na n'ozuzu akpaetu Kukushkin flax yiri a miniature osisi flax, site na nke ọ na-akawanye aha ya. Thin ntutu na okpu, ekpuchi igbe na esemokwu, na-yiri linen yarn.

Box onwe ya mejupụtara ọtụtụ akụkụ - urnochku, a n'olu ma okpu. Inside na ọ bụ a obere kọlụm. Ọ dị ya nnọọ nwere akpali mmasị mkpụrụ ndụ, nke na-eweta Mbelata nkewa haploid spores eto. Urnochka mgbanaka agwụ. Mgbe mmezu nke chaa usoro a mgbanaka nke ifufe gabiga urnochku mfe ekewapụ si azuokokoosisi na okpu. Esemokwu na-ada n'ala, na osisi bụ ihe dị mkpa ndụ okirikiri-amalite ọzọ.

Akpaetu ndụ okirikiri ogbo

Asexual spores n'oge "maturation" bụ haploid spores (nwere ọkara a set of chromosomes) dị ka a n'ihi nke anọ, mbelata nkewa.

Mgbe ala na-akawanye mmiri haploid spores, mgbe ahụ, ọ na-amalite na-epu ome, akpụ a proton - filamentous predrostok. Site na ọ kpụrụ gametophyte - nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị.

Na n'elu nke dị iche iche ị ga, gametophytes Kukushkin flax na ịzụlite antheridia archegonium - nwoke na nwaanyị inwe mmekọahụ na akụkụ. Na archegonium tozuru okè egg, na antheridium - biflagellate spam. Hibere nwoke osisi nwere nnukwu epupụta na-acha aja aja na top. Na nwanyi osisi ndị dị otú ahụ epupụta ndị na-anọghị.

N'ihi na ihe ịga nke ọma njikọta chọrọ mmiri ụmụ irighiri mmiri na-agafere si spermatozoa ka antheridium archegonia ebe egg odude. Nke a usoro a na-akwalite ike mmiri ozuzo ma ọ bụ igirigi.

Dị ka a n'ihi nke mmakọ nke spam na egg n'elu nke nwanyi osisi Nleta a diploid zaigọtụ. Site ọ na-etolite a ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke a osisi, na sporophyte ma ọ bụ sporogonia. Na na ọ na-anọchi anya sporangium-igbe na nke na-eto spores.

Anyị enyocha usoro nke nzọụkwụ nke ndụ okirikiri nke akpaetu.

Ọdịdị nke akpaetu Kukushkin flax

mosses ahu Ọdịdị yiri algae, ka mejupụtara thallus. Otú ọ dị, ọ nwere ike ịnwe a Ọdịdị yiri ndị ị ga na epupụta. N'ihi na ala a na-mmasị site rhizoids. Ndị a osisi nwere ike na-adọrọ mmiri na mineral rhizoids bụghị nanị na, ma dum.

Uru akpaetu na ọdịdị

Ke ofụri ofụri, mosses - a dị oké egwu, akụrụngwa nke ebe obibi usoro nke mbara ala anyị. The ndụ okirikiri nke mosses e ji a okirikiri nke ọzọ elu osisi. Ha na-adị ndụ nakwa na ogbenye ala nri. Ibi n'ebe ndị ahụ na undergone oghom mmadụ metụtara. N'ihi ya na-akwadebe ala mweghachi. Mgbe niile, otmiraya akpaetu Nleta a bara uru ala mkpụrụ, nke ga-ekemende na-eto eto osisi ndị ọzọ.

Mosses - na egosi nke gburugburu ebe obibi mmetọ, akpan akpan ikuku. N'ihi na ụfọdụ ụdị nke akpaetu bụghị na-eto eto na ebe ikuku na-karịa ịta nke sọlfọ dioxide. Site na-anọghị na omenala ebe nke ụdị nke akpaetu nwere ike ikpe na ikuku ndu. Otú ọ dị, dị ka mosses egosi mgbanwe Ona, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.

Mosses kpọrọ ndị siri nguzozi na permafrost mpaghara, na-ezo n'ala anyanwụ na ụzarị. N'ihi ya na-azọpụta, na ebe obibi nguzozi.

Ugbu a, ọ bụrụ na ị na-jụrụ, sị: "Kwuo ndụ okirikiri nke akpaetu, 'mgbe ahụ i nwere ike mfe ime ya.