The ọrụ nke ribosomes na ndị ọzọ na cell organelles

Onu ka ihe integral usoro

Live eukaryotic cell bụ iche a haziri ahazi usoro, na mmekọrịta nke mmiri nke na-enye cellular ọrụ dị ka otu ihe unit. The isi mmiri na-agụnye cytolemma ya cytoplasm na ntọala, ma ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na mkpụrụ ndụ nwere organelles - pụrụ iche owuwu etisasịwo ke cytoplasm na isonye na metabolism nke mkpụrụ ndụ na ume. N'ihi ya, ọrụ nke ribosomes na protein njikọ, mitochondria emepụta ike ogige, microtubules egwu a ọrụ nke cellular ọkpụkpụ na-enye intracellular iga, na endoplasmic reticulum na Golgi mgbagwoju - isi "ụgbọ" na metabolism. Na nke a, ihe niile Jeremaya mere eme na cytoplasm, nke bụ na mgbe niile na-efegharị.

Membranous organelles na ha ọrụ

Ya ọrụ a rụrụ na ribosome EPR, nke na-ebu site na pores nke nuclear akpụkpọ ahụ ozugbo guzobere. EPR bụ akpụkpọ ahụ organelle, esịnede a plurality nke akpa na-eri ego, n'ime onye ọ bụla ọzọ na-ekwurịta okwu na lumen nke ntọala akpụkpọ ahụ. Na cell, e nwere abụọ akụkụ nke endoplasmic reticulum, dị iche iche na ma Ọdịdị na ọrụ, ezigbo onye na ike ike. The mbụ n'ime ha na-eburu a ribosome, a Ọdịdị na ọrụ nke na-tọrọ ka nọ na ụzọ ọpụpụ si ntọala, nke abụọ ribosomes bụ anọghị n'ụlọ, ọ na-abuana ke njikọ nke lipids na Steroid sel, intracellular calcium echekwa, dephosphorylates glucose-6-phosphate na imeju. Ma ma ụdị nke EPR bụ impermanent owuwu na bụ isiokwu Ugboro mgbanwe, dị ka nke ọma dị ka ndị Golgi mgbagwoju. Ọ bụ yiri na Ọdịdị na EPR na mejupụtara a mgbagwoju nke tankị, na ọrụ ya bụ ịgbacha isi protein synthesized na RER, guzobe lysosomes, ìgwè secretory bekee na ha iga nke cell.

ndị na-abụghị akpụkpọ ahụ organelles

Na cell, e nwekwara ndị na-abụghị akpụkpọ ahụ organelles: cytoskeleton, centrioles nwee nnọchi bekee (lipids, polysaccharides, biologically-arụ ọrụ bekee ma ọ bụ pigments) na ribosome. The ọrụ nke ọ bụla n'ime ha na-usoro agbara usoro na-bụ dabere na uwa nke a metabolism: Nsonye ịpụta na cell naanị mgbe ngafe njikọ, centrioles na-okpukpu abụọ mgbe ịmafe mkpụrụ ndụ na-ekewa, na microtubules na-n'itinyekwu ọrụ ha na-adọ nke emeghe iga ọwa na chemotaxis na phagocytes . Ribosome ọrụ a mmadụ cell ndị dịtụ mgbe nile na ọ bụghị nnọọ iche n'ebe ndị na osisi cell. Ha na-agụnye ion, na ụfọdụ biopolymer RNA condensed, anakọtara na abụọ subunits - 30s na 50s (na ọnụọgụ nke sedimentation Svedberg) emejupụta otú a, 80s ribosome. Nke a bụ nnọọ ihe dị mkpa nke na-enye ohere a onye ịmata na ribosome site ribosomes nke bacteria na-enwe 70s Ọdịdị, dị ka na ọgwụgwọ nke nje na-efe efe na-kenyere ọgwụ nje ike nke na-ezughị ezu ma ọ bụ kpam kpam na-egbochi ndị ọrụ nke 70s ribosomal bibiri, si otú inhibiting protein nsụchi na nje cell na inhibiting ya ọrụ.