Vinson - Antarctica n'usoro. Description, photos

Kpuchie ebighị ebi ice, na na akpa ilekiri a-apụghị imeri emeri, nke isii Afrika nke mbara ala a chọpụtara ọhụrụ. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na Dzheyms Kuk mbụ ịgafe Antarctic gburugburu na January 1773, Antarctica erubeghị a n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-enyoba.

Ebe a, dị ka ọ bụla ọzọ na Afrika, nwere ya "oases" na ahịhịa, oké osimiri na ọbụna Vinson Massif (nrụtụ 78,5833 Celsius ndịda ohere, 85,4167 Celsius W lonjituudu).

History of Antarctica

Dị ka otu nọọrọ onwe ha na Afrika, ya e mepere 1820 site Faddeem Bellinsgauzenom, n'ihu nke abụọ ọzọ pola nchọpụta - Nathaniel Palmer maka 10 ọnwa, na Edward Bransfield 3 ụbọchị.

Bellingshausen na ya otu Mihailom Lazarevym ke iru Antarctica dị nnọọ 32 km. Onye mbụ ka ụkwụ na ala nke a, na-ekwu Dzhon Deyvis, bụ ndị bịara na kọntinent 07.02.1821 afọ. The mbụ research njem a haziri ahazi nke United States Navy na 1839. Dabere na ya pụta, a mara ọkwa na ya meghere n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Antarctica Balleny Islands, na ala ebe hụrụ òtù ya, e mesịrị aha ya bụ na nsọpụrụ nke Wilkes Land njem ndú. The ọzọ pola nchoputa James Clark Ross na 1841, e meghere agwaetiti aha ya.

More anya Antarctica na ya ọmụmụ nyere na narị afọ nke 20. Ọ na-amalite nke narị afọ na mmeri nke South osisi Roald Amundsen na 1911. Na 1912 ọ nọ na-agbaso site Robert Scott, onye njem na-kwụsịrị kpam kpam na ụzọ azụ ka Big Land.

Na 1928, mbụ ụgbọ elu Antarctica pilot Hubert Wilkins e mere, nke e weere nnọọ a feat, n'ịtụle larịị nke mmepe nke ụgbọelu n'oge. Ọbịa ndekọ enyeghị ọzọ ọtụtụ aviators, ma na jisiri Richard E. Byrd na-esonụ afọ, iji ofufe n'elu South osisi.

Na agha afọ a na-ọnụ ọgụgụ njem tọrọ ntọala na ẹkenịmde ọzọ, ndị America site na 1945 ruo 1957, dị ka a n'ihi na ọ kasị osisi-mmezi McMurdo e tọrọ ntọala. Soviet pola nchọpụta tọrọ ntọala mbụ mmezi nke udo na 1956 na-enyemaka nke ndị crews nke abụọ mmiri - "Ob" na "Lena". Nke nta nke nta, ekele ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị si mba dị iche iche, ndụ ma na-arụ ọrụ na aka ike ọnọdụ nke permafrost, ma nwee ike na-emeghe mkpọchi na ọhụrụ map nke n'ọnụ mmiri, agwaetiti na Chile oyi capes. Ka ihe atụ, ugwu nke Antarctica n'etiti narị afọ nke 20 chere naanị na ozizi. The àmà nke ịdị adị ha a n'ihu na 1958, mgbe ha hụrụ na pilot, na-eme ya elu gafee Afrika.

Ndị a obi ike ndị mere a nkọwa zuru ezu nke Antarctic, nke ghọrọ akụkụ nke ọdịdị ala Akwụkwọ na nkà mmụta sayensị na ọrụ nke oge a na-eme nchọpụta.

atụmatụ Antarctica

Nke a Afrika ekpuchi ebe ndị 13975 thous. Km ^2, nke ndị ice shelves. E nweghị ndị na-adịgide adịgide bi, ọ bụghị naanị n'ihi na ihu igwe siri ike bụ kwesịrị ekwesị na penguins, kamakwa n'ihi na eziokwu na ọ bụ naanị Afrika na-abụghị nke na obodo ọ bụla, na ógbè niile a kpọrọ mmadụ.

Dị ka nkwekọrịta, bịanyere aka na 1961, na-eduga mba, ihe niile dị n'ụwa ohere dị n'ebe ndịda nke 60 Celsius S. w., bụ free si ịtụkwasị ọ bụla agha na bụ kwesịrị ekwesị na nkà mmụta sayensị na-eme nnyocha. Ọ bụ ezie na Antarctica bụ ọgaranya minerals, egwupụta ha na-aju.

Nke a bụ ndị kasị elu Afrika na mbara ala, na nkezi ya adahade 2040 m n'elu oké osimiri, na ya kasị elu mgbe - Vinson (n'usoro Ellsworth Mountains) esịmde 4892 mita.

Mgbe a na isi, 99% na-ice, na naanị obere akụkụ nke ebe bụ nke "Oasis", nke na-eto eto mosses, ferns, lichens na fungi. Ebe a na-ebi penguins na akàrà.

Ọ dịghị onye bụ ike idi oyi oyi ka -89 degrees (dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Afrika na ebe nke Russian ebe "Vostok"). The nkezi okpomọkụ na oyi ọnwa, na ike nke esịmde -70 degrees, na ọkọchị - si -30 ka -50. On n'ụsọ oké osimiri, ọ fọrọ nke nta a "eme" dị ka oyi na okpomọkụ na ebe a na-àmà site -8 ka -35 degrees, mgbe ke ndaeyo - si 0 ka 5. Description of Antarctica na ya hurricane ike ifufe na ntu oyi bụ Chile ebe nnọọ kpọrọ nkụ maka njem.

Onye kasị ukwuu ugwu ụwa: Mount Everest na Aconcagua

Mountain planet - abụghị naanị ịdị ukwuu ya na ịma mma, ma na-akụkọ ihe mere eme nke e guzobere kọntinent. Na ala, 6 na nke 7 nke kọntinent kasị ukwuu ọnụ ọnụ na e meriri, onye ọ bụla na mgbe ya, daredevils bụ ndị obi ike na-akpali ndị mmadụ na ikwugharị ha feat.

Bụ ugwu ndị kasị elu na ụwa - Ugwu Everest (Asia), adahade elu oké osimiri ka 8.848 m Ya mmeri -. Ọ dị ka ule nke nka maka climbers. Beginners adịghị meriri ya, ebe a ọbụna ahụmahụ climbers ize ndụ nke ọnwụ, n'ihi ya, ugwu dị aka ike na-apụghị ịbanye abanye.

About ugboro 50 na njem si mba dị iche iche gbalịrị arịgoro n'elu a dị ize ndụ, ma ọ jisiri May 29, 1953 New Zealander Edmund Hillary. Mgbe o meriri Everest na ya dị iche iche n'akụkụ abụọ, ọ bụghị nanị ndị mmadụ ma nwekwara ndị inyom, nke mbụ nke nke bụ Japanese onyielu nwoke na 1976

Aconcagua - kasị elu nwuchapu ugwu mgbawa na ụwa dị na South America. The elu nke a Argentine "skyscraper" bụ 6962 mita. Gore bilitere na njikọ na nkukota nke abụọ tectonic efere - na Nazca na South American. Otu nwere ike na-were ihe ọdachi esonyere ndị dị otú ahụ grandiose Filiks ọtụtụ nde afọ gara aga. Nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu adabara ọzụzụ beginners, ebe ọ na-adịghị na-ewere ike si ele ihe anya nke ugwu. Ọ meriri ọbụna ụmụaka.

Mount McKinley

Seven ugwu nke ụwa - nke a bụ onye kasị ukwuu ugwu ndị kasị elu na otu nke kọntinent nke mbara ala. McKinley -. The kasị elu mgbe ndị Alaska, na-ebili n'elu ala na 6194 m N'otu oge ọ bụ ndị kasị elu elu nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu, nke a na-akpọ-adịghị mgbagwoju - Big Mountain. Mgbe ire nke ókèala America, ọ bụ ndị kasị ibu North America.

Site 1917 na 2015, ugwu ahụ nọkwa na aha ya bụ onye nke oche nke USA - McKinley, ma ọ laghachiri na ya mbụ aha Denali, nke pụtara n'elu nke Great si sụgharịa Athabasca asụsụ (Indian ebo). Ya na nke mbụ meriri na 1906 Frederikom Kukom, bụ onye na-adịghị anya ebubo falsification a ọrịrị. Ruo ugbu a, ụbọchị nke climbers na-arụ ụka ma e nwere kemgbe ndị dị otú ahụ a na-eguzo rịa.

Kilimanjaro

Onye ama ama nke African ugwu a na-gụnyere na udi nke "Asaa ugwu nke ụwa." Dị na Tanzania, ọ bụ na niile njem amasị. Lee ya snow okpu n'etiti ọkụ Savannah adịbu ịtụnanya, ma taa, ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-mkpu etiri, n'ihi na afọ iri na ice agbazewela nwayọọ nwayọọ ruru ka na-agbanwe agbanwe na ihu igwe.

Ugwu Kilimanjaro, decorating ha na mbụ snowy ọnụ ọnụ gbara ya gburugburu ebe, taa tụfuru ya ice cover site 80%. N'ihi na oge mbụ na 5895 mita n'elu oké osimiri, na-meriri site Hans Meyer na anya 1889. N'ihi na a mbido, onwem na oge a rịa ngwá, nke a n'elu bụghị ike, ọ bụ ezie na ọrịrị na-emekarị dịruru ogologo n'ihi nsogbu na acclimatization.

Elbrus

Ugwu a bụ maara ọbụna na ndị na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla na-eme na ugwu. Ọ bụ ndị kasị elu ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu na Europe. Ọ na-emi odude na ókè-ala n'etiti Kabardino-Balkaria na Karachay-Cherkessia. Ugwu a na usoro ke Main Kọkeshịan Ridge. N'ihi na oge mbụ na ya elu nke 5642 m merie ndị Russian ọkà mmụta sayensị na njem na 1829. Ọ gụnyere a physics, a zoologist, a ọkà, nchoputa na artist, onye ọ bụghị naanị mere nrigo, ma sketched ma na-amụ na Ọdịdị nke ahịhịa na ugwu.

Taa, e nwere na-ọma mepụtara njem nleta akụrụngwa na isi mmegharị ahụhụ, na ugwu onwe ya bụ ebe a na-njem uka bụghị naanị climbers ma na-amu amu climbers onye Emeriwo ọbụna otu vertex.

E wezụga na-emeri emeri ọnụ ọnụ Elbrus adọta skiers, n'ihi na nke ụzọ gasị ná mgbanwe nke ihe isi ike na ẹkenịmde slalom asọmpi na-haziri ebe a kwa afo. A haziri nke ọma akụrụngwa na-ewepụta na-emeghe ebe a njem nleta isi na otu larịị na European skai ntụrụndụ.

Puncak Jaya

Australia na-nwere a ugwu, nke kachasi uche bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu Puncak Jaya (4884 m). Mount Jaya mara maka nke ahụ bụ kasị elu nke agwaetiti dị. Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta na-arụ ụka na nnukwu n'ókè nke Oceania nwere a elu nke 5030 m.

Maka ụwa ugwu bụ na-emeghe Dutchman Jan Carstens na 1623. Nke a na-eme nchọpụta emo site ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị maka kwuru na ha hụrụ a glasia na ogbe na ụwa. Mgbe e mesịrị ugwu e nyere ya aha, nke kere ruo 1965.

Ọ bụ ezie na ọ mere ogologo oge gara aga, nke mbụ ya merie Austrian climbers na 1962. Laghachi site mbụ ya aha na translation si Indonesian asụsụ na-ada ka Pobeda elu.

Vinson Massif

Mountains nke Antarctica - a na-aga n'ihu cover of ice. Ikekwe, ọ bụ ihe mere ha nwere ike ịbụ ya mere ogologo na-achọpụta, ma naanị theoretically gbakọọ na ha bụ ndị a na Afrika. Na ice bụ nnukwu ihe mgbochi na nrigo ha.

Ha kasị elu mgbe bụ Vinson - n'usoro ogologo bụ 21 km na 13 km n'obosara. Ọ na-ewe ezigbo obi ike na professionalism imeri nke a siri ike n'elu. The mbụ n'ihe e mere Antarctica ọkụ ọhụma (5140 m). Mepụta a pụrụ ịdabere na uru e nwetara naanị na 1980, mgbe ka Vinson (n'usoro) rigoro Soviet climbers na arụnyere na e nwere ọkọlọtọ. N'ihi ịtụ bụ 4892 mita.

mmeri icebergs

Ọ bụrụ na anyị anya na n'usoro Vinson na map, ị pụrụ ịhụ na si South osisi ọ na-iche site na naanị 1200 km. Ndị a na n'elu ya, ha na-ekwu na ọ na-enye a mara nnọọ mma echiche nke ice, ìhè na-egbuke egbuke anyanwụ.

Ọ bụghị nanị ndị kasị ibu glasia na ụwa, ma na-kasị sie ike iji merie ugwu. Vinson Massif ọnwa isii mikpuru na polar abalị, otú kwesịrị ekwesị ka mmeri nke "n'oge okpomọkụ" oge site November ka January, mgbe okpomọkụ adahade 30 degrees n'okpuru efu. Summer igwe n'elu kpamkpam cloudless na anyanwụ na-awa gburugburu elekere.

N'agbanyeghị a nta okpomọkụ nke ikuku, rịa na-ịghọta site ike ifufe na gbazee ice site na-ekpo ọkụ anyanwụ.

Antarctica taa

Taa, e nwere 37 na Antarctic na nkà mmụta sayensị ụgbọ si mba dị iche iche. Ọkà mmụta sayensị na-amụ ice ọnọdụ, mgbanwe ya chemical mejupụtara na ọnụego nke agbaze. Ọkà na zoologists mụọ umu nwere ike ịdịgide ndụ na ike ọnọdụ nke permafrost.

Ke adianade na nkà mmụta sayensị njem ndị mmadụ merela, njem ụlọ ọrụ iji hazie tours oké daredevils arịgo na Vinson. The n'usoro aghọwo-ewu nnọọ ewu ụzọ na-ewu ewu na climbers.