Administration nke ọgwụ ọjọọ: ụzọ. Administration nke ọgwụ ọjọọ n'ụzọ dị iche iche: uru na ọghọm

Ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ n'ime ahu nwere ike ịda na ụzọ dị iche iche. Ụzọ nke ọgwụ ochichi ọnụego kpebisiri ike ọgwụgwọ mmetụta, ya n'ogo na oge. Mgbe ụfọdụ, n'ụzọ nke ọgwụ banyere n'ime ahu na-adabere na ọdịdị nke omume ya, ya mere anyị mgbake. E nwere ọtụtụ ihe isi ụzọ maka onu ochichi nke ọgwụ ọjọọ, ma onye ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere ya uru na ọghọm. Tupu ị chọpụta ihe na-aga nke ochichi họrọ, mkpa ka ị mara kpọmkwem ihe ụdị ọgwụ adị.

Isi iche nke ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe

Tupu akọwapụta ụzọ nke ochichi nke ọgwụ ọjọọ n'ime ahu, i kwesịrị ịma ụdị ọgwụ ọjọọ na-adị, na ha di ọtutu:

• Solutions - bụ a mmiri mmiri ụdị ọgwụ. Ha na-anọchi anya ọgwụ umi diluted na mmiri, na mmanya, glycerine ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ ihe mgbaze. Ma, ọ bụ uru na-echeta na àgwà na-emetọghị emetọ ngwọta kwesịrị doro anya, ọ dịghị apịtị sedimenti ma ọ bụ mba ọzọ ahụ. Ha nwere ike na-eji ma parenteral na enteral ochichi.
• Decoctions na infusions - a ego na-kwadebere si osisi. Ma ọ bụ uru na-echeta na ha na-agaghị na-echekwara maka ogologo oge, ọ bụghị ihe karịrị 3 ụbọchị a dị jụụ, ya ndò si ìhè anyanwụ.
• Mbadamba - a siri ike n'ụdị preparations nke na-enwetara site na ịpị. Ihu ọma, ha na-e jikwa ọnụ, ma nwere ike na ihe elu ụzọ na inye ọgwụ ọjọọ ma ọ bụrụ na ha na-echi ọnụ n'ala n'ime a ntụ ntụ.

• Dragee - bụ ihe ọzọ na iche iche nke siri ike iche nke ọgwụ mmadụ, ha na-kere laminating a isi ihe onwunwe na granule. Eji maka onu ochichi.
• Capsules - siri ike ụdị ọgwụ, mbadamba na-ntekwasa na a shei nke gelatin ma ọ bụ ọzọ na ihe onwunwe. N'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu, ọgwụ nchọ na capsules na a ilu uto ma ọ bụ ihe e ji mara isi ruru shei ukwuu facilitated n'ikuku nke a n'aka. Ke adianade do, ọ na-enye ohere ị na-iji chebe ihe ọmụma si na ngwa ngwa mbibi na digestive tract.
• Candles - a onunu ogwu ụdị ọgwụ, nke na ụlọ okpomọkụ bụ na ihe siri ike ụdị, ma ọ na-gbazee n'ime ahụ mmadụ. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-atụle na ochichi nke ọgwụgwọ, ụzọ kandụl emit abụọ na ụdị - a rectal na mmamiri.
• Plasta - a plastic ụdị pụtara na n'okpuru nduzi nke ahu okpomọkụ na-ịrọ arọ na-adị mfe agbaso anụ. Adabara mpụga were naanị.
• Otite - n'aka viscous anọgidesi, na-eji isi n'èzí ngwa. Ha ga-ebu ya mejupụtara banyere 25% solids.

E nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ gasị nke ochichi nke ọgwụ ọjọọ, a Ilerukwu ọ bụla n'ime ha.

Types of enteral

Enteral ụzọ nke ochichi nke ọgwụ ọjọọ na-atụle otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị adaba na nchebe. E nwere ọtụtụ subspecies nke ụzọ: onu, sublingual, rectal.

1. Oral ochichi nke ọgwụ, ndị ọzọ okwu, ingestion - nke a bụ otu nke mfe ụzọ, nke mere na ọ esiwak kenyere ọtụtụ ndị dọkịta. Absorption nke ọgwụ ọjọọ, natara otú a, bụ tumadi site mgbasa na obere eriri afọ, na obere okwu - na afo. Ngwa mmetụta dị kwesiri ngosi mgbe 30-40 nkeji. Nke a bụ ihe mere ihe mberede ndị dị otú ahụ na usoro adịghị mma. The na-agba na ihe zuru ezu nke absorption adabere na nri, ya mejupụtara na nke ukwu. N'ihi ya, ọ bụrụ na a na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na-aṅụ na ihe efu afo, ndị absorption na-akakwa mma na-adịghị ike bases, dị ka acidity na afo bụ ala, ma acid a na mma etinye obi gị dum mgbe ingestion. Ma e nwere ụfọdụ ọgwụ ọjọọ, ndị dị ka "Calcium chloride" nke abatakwa ozu ke ingestion, nwere ike na-etolite unyi anaghị agbasa na calcium salts, nke egbochi ekwe omume nke ha absorption ghọọ ọbara.

2. ọzọ mfe ma dị irè otú nke enteral ochichi nke ọgwụ ọjọọ - sublingual. The na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na-etinye n'okpuru ire, ekele a nnukwu netwọk nke capillaries na mucosa, ọ na-agbari ngwa ngwa. Mmetụta pụtara n'ime a nkeji ole na ole. Nke a na usoro nke ochichi na-kasị na-eji maka na itinye "nitroglycerin" rịaworo "clonidine" na "Nifedipine" maka iwepu hypertensive nsogbu.

3. The rectal ụzọ na-adịghị mee nnọọ mgbe. Ihe ọ na-eji ma ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa nwere eriri afọ ọrịa, ma ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ amaghị ihe ọ bụla.

Enteral ochichi: uru na ọghọm

All ụzọ n'aka ọgwụ ochichi, ha uru, ha na-enwe na enteral nwere:

• Mfe na ala nke iji.
• Naturalness.
• The ikwu nchekwa n'ihi ọrịa.
• Ọ dịghị achọ Vol nlekota site n'ụlọ ọgwụ.
• Ekwe omume nke ogologo oge ọgwụ.
• Nkasi Obi onye ọrịa.

Ma, e nwekwara ọghọm nke enteral ụzọ nke ochichi nke ọgwụ ọjọọ:

• Mmetụta na-adịghị ewe.
• Low bioavailability.
• Dị iche iche na-agba na ihe zuru ezu nke absorption.
• Mmetụta nke nri na ndị ọzọ na mmiri na mmiri usoro.
• Enweghi ike iji site na ọrịa na a onodu nke amagh onwe.
• Ọ bụ ekwesighi iji ọrịa ndị nwere ọrịa nke afo na eriri afọ.

Iche nke parenteral ochichi nke ọgwụ ọjọọ

The parenteral ụzọ nke ochichi nke ọgwụ ọjọọ na-agụnye ochichi nke ọgwụ ọjọọ na-enweghị metụtara usoro nke digestive usoro. Ọ nwere ike na-ekewa n'ime ọtụtụ ụdị.

The ákwà:

• Intradermally - Nke a na usoro a na-eji maka na-achọpụta ọrịa ebumnuche, dịka ọmụmaatụ maka anataghi testing Burne ma ọ bụ maka mpaghara ná Nkụnwụ.
• SC - eji mgbe ị chọrọ inwe kacha mmetụta nke ọgwụ. Nke a na-enweta n'ihi na subcutaneous abụba oyi akwa a na-nyere na a ọma nile, na ọ na-akwalite ngwa ngwa absorption.
• Intramuscularly - na-eji mgbe subcutaneous injection akpata iyatesịt ma ọ bụ ihe mgbu, dị ka nke ọma dị ka ọgwụ na ya na-nwayọọ nwayọọ etinye obi gị dum.

• Intraosseous - usoro a na-eji infrequently, tumadi na ọtụtụ Burns na N'ịdị deformation mgbe ndị ọzọ nhọrọ nwere ike ọ bụghị etinyere.

Ọ bụrụ na i nwere na-ọgwụ ochichi, ụzọ site na arịa ndị dị ka ndị:

• IV - Nke a na usoro a na-eji ịme a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ọgwụ ọjọọ na ụfọdụ ọgwụ ọjọọ nwere dị otú ahụ a chọrọ maka ojiji.

• Intraarterially - itinye na ọnụ ọnọdụ, nke na-akpata a ujo, a nnukwu ọnwụ nke ọbara, asphyxia, electrocution trauma, mmenaanya na-efe efe.
• The lymphatic arịa - usoro a na-eji mee ka nkà mmụta ọgwụ na-adịghị ada n'ime imeju na-na akụrụ, na-enye ihe ezi wɔfrɛ wɔn T saịtị nke ọrịa efesa.

Ọ bụghị mgbe niile adaba intravascular ochichi nke ọgwụ ọjọọ, nwere ike ime bụ ụzọ na site uji eze:

• Pleural.
• Abdominal.
• Obi.
• Articular.

Parenteral ochichi: uru na ọghọm

Parenteral ochichi nwere ọtụtụ uru:

• Nke a na usoro na-eme ka o kwe omume na-ịme ọgwụ uzo digestive tract, nke dị ezigbo mkpa maka ọrịa na oké njọ pathologies nke afo.
• Speed nke edinam dị mkpa na ihe mberede.
• The kacha dosing ziri ezi.
• Nnata nke ọgwụ n'ime n'ọbara na-agbanweghi agbanwe ụdị.

The parenteral ụzọ nke ochichi nke ọgwụgwọ nwere ọtụtụ ọghọm:

• Amanyere bụ iwu ọgwụ ọjọọ na a ga-ndinọ site zụrụ ọgwụ ọkachamara.
• Chọrọ ime aseptic na antiseptik.
• Ike na-adọ ọgwụ ọjọọ ọbụna agaghị ekwe omume na-agba ọbara, ọnya nke anụ na-agbanye na saịtị.

inhalation

Kuru ụzọ nke ochichi nke ọgwụ ọjọọ nwere ike na-eji na ọgwụgwọ nke aerosols, gas (obodo antiseptics) na ntụ (sodium cromoglycate). Na usoro a nke ochichi nke ọgwụ na-ime ngwa ngwa na-akpa ha ọgwụgwọ mmetụta. Ke adianade do, ọ dị mfe bụ management gị n'ụlọnga ịta na ọbara - na cessation nke inhalation na-eduga ná nkwusioru nke ọgwụ. Na inhalation aerosol ịta pụtara na bronchi nnọọ elu na di ntakiri systemic mmetụta.

Ma anyị ga-echefu na n'agbanyeghị otú ndị inhalation ịdị irè, ọ na-adịghị ekwe ka itinye irritants. Ọ kwesịkwara iburu n'uche na kuru ọgwụ ọjọọ nwere ike imebi ndị ọzọ (eg, ná Nkụnwụ).

Uru na ọghọm nke inhalation

Anyị na-aka iso tụlee ụzọ nke ọgwụ ochichi. Uru na ọghọm nke usoro na inhalation. inhalation pluses:

• Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na na saịtị daa ọrịa.
• The ọgwụ nwere ike mfe banye n'ime ndị a na saịtị nke mbufụt, imeju na-aga unaltered na-akpata ya ukwuu ịta ke iyịp.

inhalation ọghọm:

• Ọ bụrụ na idiọk isi bronchial patency, ọgwụ penetrates agụghị oké n'ime ọrịa na saịtị.
• The formulations nwere ike iwe imi, ọnụ na akpịrị.

Isi ụzọ nke ochichi nke ọgwụ ọjọọ na-atụle, ma e nwere ndị ọzọ na-na-na ụfọdụ pụrụ ịghọ oké mkpa.

Rectal, mmamiri na urethral ụzọ gasị nke ochichi

Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-atụnyere ndị rectal ụzọ nke ochichi nke ọgwụ onu ochichi, ọ bụ omume na-ekwu kpọmkwem ihe mmetụta nke mbụ usoro emee ọtụtụ ihe ngwa ngwa. The ọgwụ na-ngwa ngwa etinye obi gị dum n'ime n'ọbara enweghị na-ebibi n'otu oge n'okpuru ihe nke enzymes nke digestive tract na imeju na.

Rectal suppositories ndinọ n'ime ahu, ointments, na ụdị ndị ọzọ nke preparations, na mbụ bibiri na diluted, oge a na enemas. Ma, ọ bụ uru na-echeta na ihe ngwọta ẹkenam rectally, ga-eme ihe ngwa ngwa karịa a kandụl. Ndahie enemas maka okenye bụ 50 na 100 ml, na n'ihi na ụmụ - site 10 ruo 30 ml. Ma, nke a na usoro nke iji ọgwụ ochichi e nwekwara ọghọm:

• -Achọghị ngwa.
• Special ọnụego fluctuations na nkọwa zuru ezu banyere mmiri.

Ọ bụ ya mere rectal ụzọ nke ochichi na-na-atụ aro naanị na ọnọdụ ụfọdụ ebe onu ochichi bụ mgbagwoju anya mgbe ị kwesịrị kụrụ ọgwụ ngwa ngwa n'ime n'ọbara na-eme injections na-contraindicated n'ihi ihe ụfọdụ ma ọ bụ ọzọ.

Mmamiri na urethral ụzọ ekwe ịme ọ bụla n'ụdị preparations. Otú ọ dị, ma ụzọ arụpụta ihe kasị mma mgbe etinyere maka ọgwụgwọ nke na-efe efe na ndị a akụkụ ma ọ bụ maka nchoputa, ihe atụ maka ochichi nke iche mmadụ, ndị dị ka "yodamid" "Triombrast" na ndị ọzọ.

Ọkpụkpụ azụ na intracranial ụzọ nke ochichi

Na nnọọ obere okwu iji intracranial na spinal (suboccipital, subarachnoid, subdural, wdg) ogwu ogbugba. Nke a bụ n'ihi n'ụzọ eziokwu na ndị dị otú ụzọ ịme ọgwụ kwesịrị naanị ruo eru. Ndị dị otú ahụ ụzọ-achọ naanị akpali mmasị, kpamkpam uzo ezi okenye agbanwe agbanwe na a na-anọpụ iche mmeghachi omume. The edinam na-abịa ngwa ngwa.

Transdermal ọgwụgwọ usoro

Ke ndondo e nwere ọgwụ ọjọọ na a ọhụrụ ụdị. Transdermal ọgwụgwọ usoro (TTS) - otu n'ime ha. Ha na-adụ, onunu ogwu ụdị nwetara n'ihi mpụga ngwa ka onye na-adịghị ntọhapụ nke ọgwụ umi. Modern TTC - a film, na patches na e mere iji art technology na mfe iji: na patch gbasoro na akpụkpọ na film dina agba. Ebe bụ isi umi na-etinye obi gị dum n'ime n'ọbara site akpụkpọ ma ọ bụ mucosa.

Ọtụtụ ndị dọkịta na gburugburu ụwa na-adịbeghị anya ọzọ na ndị ọzọ na-akwụ ntị ọhụrụ ụzọ nke ochichi nke ọgwụ ọjọọ. Uru na ọghọm nwere onye ọ bụla, gụnyere na TTC. Tụlee pluses:

• Medicine na-arụ ọrụ na ihe ngwa ngwa ijeụkwụ.
• The ọgwụ na-abanye n'ọbara nwayọọ nwayọọ na-enweghị a ezumike, nke na-enye ohere maka a mụ larịị nke isi ihe.
• Wetara sensations na-kpamkpam ekwe, a na-emetụta retching, na ihe mgbu si injections.
• The zuru ezu enweghị oghom mmetụta na akụkụ nke digestive tract.
• Mbenata ugboro nke ahu anataghi.
• Ekwe omume nke ngwa ngwa ndọrọ ego nke ọgwụ, mgbe mberede bụ a contraindication.
• The kpọmkwem usoro onunu ogwu.
• Ohere na-ezo nnyefe nke ọgwụ iji ezi akụkụ nke ahu.

Onye ọ bụla nke kọwara ụzọ gasị nke ochichi nke ọgwụ ọjọọ nwere ya uru na ọghọm. Ma, n'agbanyeghị otú ihe ọma bụ usoro, isi ihe na ya ga-ahọpụta a dọkịta, ma ọ bụ na-achọsi ike na ihe kasị dị mgbagwoju na obere ụdịdị nke ochichi rụrụ site akpan zụrụ onye a ọgwụ owuwu. -Elekọta onwe gị, na-enweghị ka na-eche, ihe n'ụzọ napụta ọgwụ n'ime ahu.