Akụkọ volleyball. Akụkọ banyere ntolite na mmepe nke volleyball

Ruo mmalite afọ ndị 1930 na ụwa egwuregwu, a naghị elebara volleyball anya maka ntụrụndụ na ntụrụndụ. Akụkọ banyere ntolite nke egwuregwu "volleyball" na mpaghara dị iche iche abụghị otu, n'ihi na n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke ụwa, e nwere iwu dị iche iche nke egwuregwu ahụ. Otú ọ dị, a na-egwuri egwu mba n'ọtụtụ mba (dịka ọmụmaatụ, na Eastern Europe, ebe ọkwa dị elu). N'ihi ya, volleyball na-aghọwanye egwuregwu na-asọmpi, nke a na-egosipụta ọrụ dị elu na ahụike. Kedu ka o si malite?

Nna Volleyball bụ William G. Morgan

A mụrụ nna ochie nke egwuregwu a ugbu a n'afọ 1870 n'obodo Lockport, New York, ebe ọ nọ na nwata, na-aga ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze ma na-arụ ọrụ n'ụgbọ mmiri papa ya na ndagwurugwu Old Canal Erie. N'afọ 1891, ihe kpatara ya mere Morgan na-eto eto bụ James A. Naismith, bụ onye e kpebiri ịghọ nna ochie nke basketball. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na-akwadebe na Northfield, Morgan nọgidere na-agụ akwụkwọ na International Young Men's Association (YMCA) na Sprinfield (nke dị ugbu a Springfield College). Na Sprinfield, nkà na-eto eto, na-egwu egwuregwu ya, weere òkè na otu ndị egwuregwu a ma ama nke kọleji n'okpuru nduzi nke Alonzo A. Stagga, otu n'ime "ndị isi na-agba ọsọ". Na 1894, gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Morgan kwetakwara nke Director nke mkpakọrịta na nakweere a yiri ọnọdụ nchịkwa na Holyoke Massachusetts. Ọ bụ n'oge a ka e debere akụkọ volleyball. Na nkenke, anyị nwere ike ikwu na ọ bụ ekele James A. Naismith na Morgan nwetara ohere iji mee ka kpakpando ya dị n'ọhịa egwuregwu.

Ihe egwuregwu maka ndị agadi?

Na 1895, tupu onye nduzi William. Mazi Morgan chere nsogbu ihu: nkà ndị egwuregwu na ọzụzụ na ọkwa dị mkpa kwesịrị ịnata site n'aka ndị ọgbọ ọ bụla, ma egwuregwu bọl basketball ọhụrụ ahụ bịara bụrụ naanị ewu na ụmụaka. Maka ndị ọchụnta ego nke etiti obodo, ọ dị oke ụfụ, n'ihi na ọ na-ewe ọtụtụ ume ma ghara ikwe ka ahụ dị jụụ. Morgan chere ọrụ ahụ ihu - ịkwesịrị iji ụdị mmega ahụ dị otú ahụ, nke ị nwere ike iji obi ụtọ na-arụ ọrụ na mgbe ị na-arụ ọrụ, na n'oge ezumike nri ehihie. Ka Morgan kọwara ọrụ ahụ: "Egwuregwu ahụ aghaghị ịdị na-enwe mmetụta siri ike nke egwuregwu, ma ọ bụrụ na enweghi mkparịta ụka ike."

Mgbe ahụ o kpebiri ịmepụta ihe nnọchianya nke egwuregwu dị iche iche, buru ihe kacha mma ma mee ihe dị ọhụrụ; Nke a bụ ụzọ mmepe na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke egwuregwu ahụ gafere. Volleyball na-agụnye ihe ndị dị na basketball (bọl), tenis (grid), handball (ojiji nke ntinye aka nri na-eri nri site na ogologo anya), baseball (echiche nke innings). Egwuregwu niile nke ọma na egwuregwu "Mintonet", dị ka onye ahụ kere ya. Ọ bụ ezie na mbụ ịmara egwuregwu ahụ ezughị ezu, ma o nwere ihe ịga nke ọma iji merie ndị na-ege ntị na ogbako egwuregwu nke ndị nduzi nke YMCA, nke a na-eme na Sprinfield.

Akụkọ banyere volleyball bụ na ọ bụ na nkwurịta okwu a ka Dr. Alfred Halstead, prọfesọ na Sprinfield College, kwuru okwu "volleyball" dị ka isiokwu nke egwuregwu ahụ.

Ndozi na mmechi nke iwu

Ọtụtụ mgbanwe agbanweela akụkọ ihe mere eme nke volleyball, nke mere na egwuregwu ahụ eruola anyị n'ụdị ihe ahụ, dịka anyị maara ugbu a. Dịka e kwuworo, n'elu ihe niile, aha mbụ nke egwuregwu n'onwe ya agbanweela. Kwere, ọ ga-esiri ike ịlele Carcha Kirali (onye na-egwu volleyball American, onye na-asọ asọmpi Olympic nke oge atọ na volleyball), na-egwu n'ụsọ oké osimiri na Mintonet! E gbanwekwara ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị egwuregwu: na mbụ, a na-ekwe ka ndị otu egwuregwu nwee ọtụtụ egwuregwu nke ga-adaba na ọkara nke 10x5 mita, nke bụ mmadụ itoolu. Otú ọ dị, mgbe a gbanwechara, ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ belatara 6 na otu.

Egwuregwu ndị mbụ na Morgan gọọmenti na-eji bọl na-eji igwefoto akpọrọ ihe. Ma na 1896, a egwuregwu na ụlọ ọrụ "Spalding" tọhapụrụ mbụ ukara volleyball, na site 1900, a na fọm na ibu ihe mgbaru ọsọ ndị fọrọ nke nta yiri ka ndị akụkụ na-eji taa.

Okporo bụ nke ukwu elu karịa na-adịbeghị anya egwuregwu ime ka ndị ọzọ ihe ịma aka egwuregwu nke volleyball. Iwu nke egwuregwu na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmepe kemgbe ahụ budata ju. Taa, elu nke net bụ 2.43 m na ntakịrị karịa 2.24 m maka ụmụ nwanyị. Dị ka iwu nke volleyball si kwuo, ìgwè ahụ nwere akara 21 iji nweta mmeri, na 1917 kwa, ọnụ ọgụgụ a dị ala.

Volleyball n'èzí USA

N'agbanyeghi na akụkọ ihe omumu nke volleyball bu nwayo nwayo n'oge afo ole na ole gara aga, o gbasaa karia Naijiria site na ndi nnochite anya ndi ogwuri egwu, ndi na eleta n'ulo akwukwo ndi ozi ala na Asia. Egwuregwu ahụ dị mkpirikpi weere ọnọdụ dị nsọ n'etiti egwuregwu ọwụwa anyanwụ, ma na 1913 volleyball nwere mgbọrọgwụ na Russia. N'oge asọmpi mba nile nke bidoro na afo 1950, Russia bu ndi kachasi ike ma gosiputa uzo di mma. Na Europe, ebe nile nwere mmasị na volleyball n'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ.

N'afọ 1913, volleyball akụkọ ihe mere eme na-emepụta nke ọma n'Ashia, n'afọ a, e tinyere egwuregwu ahụ n'ime usoro egwuregwu mbụ nke Far Eastern nke a haziri na Manila. Ekwesiri ighota na ogologo oge n'Esia ka ha na-egwu site na iwu ndi ozo, nke putara otu ndi egwuregwu iri na isii (maka ndi mmadu na ndi mmadu na-egwu egwu).

Eritere egwuregwu kachasị ewu ewu mgbe e mechara ka ndị ọrụ gọọmentị na ndị nnọchianya nọchite anya ha. Na 1928, United States Volleyball Association nọ na 1947. A kpọgharịrị ya International Volleyball Federation (FIVB). N'afọ 1949, e mere ndị mmeri mbụ na Prague, Czechoslovakia.

Ihe ngosi na-egosi

Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mmụba nke ndị ịgba egwu volleyball amụbawo nke ọma, dịka akọwara ya na mbido 1916 nke Robert K. Kabbun dere site na itinye Spalding. Kabbun na-ekwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị egwuregwu ruru ngụkọta nke mmadụ 200,000, nke a na-ekesa ndị ntorobịa dị ka ndị a: 70,000 nọ na YMCA (ụmụ nwoke, ndị ntorobịa na ndị agadi), 50,000 na YWCA (ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwanyị). , N'ụlọ akwụkwọ (ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ agbọghọ) - mmadụ 25,000. Na ụmụ akwụkwọ kọleji (ụmụ nwoke) 10 000 mmadụ.

Na 1916, YMCA jisiri ike kpalite mmụba siri ike na egwuregwu nke egwuregwu n'etiti ụmụ akwụkwọ nke National University Sports Association (NCAA), na-ebipụta usoro iwu na usoro dum gbasara volleyball.

Site na mgbatị ahụ na ájá

N'afọ 1940, otu ụdị volleyball mepụtara. Egwuregwu site na mmadụ abụọ ma ọ bụ anọ na-asọmpi na asọmpi na-adịghị mma na osimiri California, n'oge na-adịghịkwa anya, ìgwè ndị kachasị mma malitere ịbanye ma ọ bụ ala n'ụsọ oké osimiri iji zute ọgụ na ndị ọzọ. Egwuru egwu volleyball nke mbụ na-akpa na California na 1948.

Ihe ịga nke ọma maka ikuku volleyball nke osimiri bịara mgbe telivishọn kwusịrị egwuregwu na Atlanta Olympic na 1996. Akụkọ banyere egwuregwu ahụ gosipụtara ọganihu nke FIVB Swatch World Tour, na volleyball nke osimiri meghere ụzọ ọhụrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ.

Beach Volleyball

E hiwere The Beach Volleyball Association na 1965 iji mee ka a mara ọdịiche na ịhazi iwu na ijikwa mmemme ndị ọchịchị. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1976, ndị egwuregwu kasị mma meriri maka ego a na-agbata n'ọsọ dị ka ndị egwuregwu a ma ama, na 1983, òtù ndị na-arụ ọrụ na Volleyball Professionals (AVP) guzobere. Maka ego a na-agbata n'ọsọ, ndị kachasị egwu egwuregwu volleyball na-asọmpi dị ka ndị egwuregwu a ma ama. Ndị inyom kere onwe ha na 1986.

Mgbe kpakpando Olympic nke volleyball malitere ịsọ asọ na osimiri, egwuregwu a bịara bụrụ ihe na-ewu ewu karị. Volleyball nke na-efe efe si na California gaa Florida, mgbe ahụ gaa na mpaghara ndị ọzọ, ọbụna ndị na-enweghị osimiri. N'ebe ụfọdụ, ha na-egwuri egwu n'ime ụlọ na ájá. Ka ọ na-erule 1993, volleyball nke osimiri aghọwo ihe a ma ama na United States na a na-agbasa ihe nkiri asọmpi na telivishọn mba.

N'afọ 1987, e nwere egwuregwu mbụ nke ụwa n'etiti otu nwoke abụọ (volleyball). Ndị inyom na-egwuri egwu mbụ nke atụmatụ dị otú ahụ n'afọ 1993.

Ụgwọ ọma

Ngwa ngwa, ọ bịara doo anya na volleyball dara na ọ bụghị naanị ndị agadi, dịka e chere na mbụ, kamakwa maka ụmụ agbọghọ. Egwuri egwu volleyball nke mba Amerịka nke mbụ na 1949, afọ 54 mgbe amụrụ egwuregwu ahụ. A na-eme asọmpi mbụ mba ụwa na Moscow maka ụmụ nwanyị na 1952.

Taa asọmpi ndị nwoke na ndị nwanyị na volleyball nke oge ochie na nke osimiri bụ akụkụ nke egwuregwu Olympic. Na nke mbụ, egwuregwu Olympic ahụ ghọrọ egwuregwu na 1964 na Japan. Mba nke mba ya, Japan na Soviet Union zutere ndị isi, ndị na-eme egwuregwu Soviet weghaara ọlaedo n'ime ụdị ndị inyom. N'ime ụdị volleyball ndị nwoke, Soviet Union nwekwara uru, mgbe anyị meriri egwuregwu Olympic mbụ ahụ, ndị egwuregwu anyị meriri akara na nke ọ bụla n'ime egwuregwu ise ọzọ. Ndị agha Volleyball nke United States meriri na 1984 na 1988.

Akụkọ banyere ntolite na mmepe nke volleyball na ájá pụtara ọtụtụ oge karịa oge egwuregwu. Beach volleyball ghọrọ ihe Olympic egwuregwu na Atlanta naanị na 1996 (na ndorondoro n'etiti United States, Brazil na Australia).

N'afọ iri gara aga, egwuregwu ahụ enwetawo mmepe ohuru ọhụrụ n'ámá egwuregwu: asọmpi mba nile nke asọmpi ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka FIVB World Championship, World League, World Grand Prix Championship, Olympic Games nwere nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma.

Volleyball na Russia

N'agbanyeghi n'emere volleyball na America, na Russia, egwuregwu ahụ gbanye mgbọrọgwụ wee daa. Na nke ukwuu ka e wee kpọọ ya ndị Germany na ndị Germany. Ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya, n'ihi na ọ bụ ndị asọmpi Russia nyere egwuregwu egwuregwu pụrụ iche: maneuverability, athleticism, speed. N'afọ ndị 1920, site n'enye ndị nkụzi America aka, ìgwè ndị volleyball na-ahazi na obodo ụfọdụ nke Russia, na 1922, egwuregwu a nwere mmasị na Moscow ma tinye ya na mmemme ọzụzụ. Ndị ntorobịa na-eto eto n'ebe nile malitere ịsọ mpi egwuregwu a. Na mba nile nke Soviet Union egwuregwu kwesịrị ka a mara ya, karịsịa mgbe e tinyere ya na asọmpi egwuregwu. Soviet na-agba ọlaedo ugboro isii na iko ụwa, oge isii ghọrọ ndị mmeri nke asọmpi mba ụwa na ndị mmeri 12 na Europe.

Mgbe ọdịda nke USSR gasịrị, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke volleyball na Russia akwụsịghị. N'afọ 1991, e hiwere Federation Volleyball All-Russian, bụ nke nwere ihe ọmụma nke ndị nkuzi Soviet. N'afọ 1993, ìgwè ndị ikom ahụ kere òkè na Njikọ Ụwa, ebe ọ na-ewe ebe ọzọ dị ùgwù. N'otu afọ na Turku na-eme egwuregwu na-enweta a ọla nrite na Intercontinental ndorondoro. Nke a na-agbaso site a usoro nke ọdachi ruo mgbe 1999 mgbe otu nchịkwa egosi G. Ya. Shipulin, nke otu na-akawanye ọlaọcha nrite na European ndorondoro na-enweta nkwanye World Cup. Ụzọ dị na laurels dị nnọọ ike, n'ihi na ìgwè ndị Russia nọ na Holland, Italy, Czech Republic, Gris, Yugoslavia, na-eche ihu. Volleyball nke Russia maliteghachiri na 2002, mgbe otu ahụ meriri na World League.

Egwuregwu ndị ọzọ - World Championship na Olympic Beijing - akara ezigbo mma na egwuregwu ahụ ma merie n'ọsọ asọmpi ikpeazụ, ma ọla na-akwado ndị na-eme egwuregwu. 2012-2013 akara mmeri ọhụrụ maka Russia - na 2012 Olympic na European Championships.

Akụkọ banyere volleyball na nọmba. Ihe kachasị mkpa na ụbọchị

1895: William G. Morgan (1870-1942) kere egwuregwu nke volleyball.

1896: a na-emepe bọl maka volleyball ma malite na mmepụta.

1922: Egwuregwu mba ndị mbụ e mere na Brooklyn, New York, bụ ebe otu puku mmadụ 27 sitere na mba iri na otu.

1928: ọ bịara doo anya na ihe nkiri na asọmpi dị mkpa. E guzobere Association nke Volleyball American.

1930: ọmụmụ nke volleyball osimiri na osimiri nke Santa Monica, California.

1934: nnwapụta na mmata nke ndị ikpe obodo na volleyball.

1947: International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) tọrọ ntọala; eze akwukwo akụkọ ihe mere na volleyball iwu.

1948: Ngwurugwu osimiri mbụ.

1949: asọmpi mba nile na Prague.

1964: Egwuregwu Volleyball gụnyere na ndepụta na Olympic Games na Tokyo.

1965: Azụlite Volleyball Association (CBVA).

1983: okike nke Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP).

1996: egwuregwu volleyball a na-asọ asọ dị ka egwuregwu Olympic.

1997: Dane Blanton ghọrọ onye mbụ na-agba bọl n'egwuregwu ndị America na Amerịka iji merie Miller Lite / AVP.

2007: Kirche Kirali hapụrụ ọrụ kpakpando, na-ahapụ usoro egwu a na-agaghị echefu echefu. Kirali bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke volleyball. Anyị nwere ike ikwu nkenke banyere ihe ndị ọ rụzuru na ọ meriri agba chaa chaa ruo afọ 24, ndị otu ya nọ na nchịkọta ikpeazụ na ihe karịrị pasent 75 nke mmeri niile ọ na-eso.