Amino asịd: n'ihi mmiri ọgwụ, nhazi ọkwa

N'ihi na zuru ọrụ nke ahụ mmadụ, na-arụ niile na ọrụ dị mkpa ka ị na-eri oriri ọgaranya na-edozi, abụba, carbohydrates. Ndi na-edozi, na ndi na-edozi na-mmiri nke cell, otú a mmadụ mkpa protein oriri. Gịnị bụ amino asịd? The n'ihi mmiri ọgwụ ndị a ogige - otu ihe dị mkpa na kwesịrị ntụle zuru ezu na ọmụmụ ihe.

karịsịa amino asịd

A ogige dị mkpa maka njikọ nke protein ụmụ irighiri. Na ọdịdị, e nwere ihe karịrị otu narị na iri ise dị iche iche amino asịd, ma ọ bụghị ha niile bụ ndị dị oké mkpa ka ahụ mmadụ. Ihe anyị chọrọ bụ amino acid? N'ihi mmiri ọgwụ 20 nke ndị a ogige e mụọ n'ụzọ zuru ezu site anụ ụlọ na ndị mba ọzọ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị. Ọ hụrụ na iri na abụọ nke ha na-enwe ike ike synthesized na ahụ mmadụ, na na asatọ amino asịd otu ga-enweta site na nri.

nhazi ọkwa

Tụlee ụfọdụ nke amino asịd. N'ihi mmiri ọgwụ, nhazi ọkwa nke ndị a organic ogige na-agụnye nkewa nke atọ isi dị iche iche:

• oké mkpa ewepụtara nri. Dị otú ahụ bekee ike-synthesized n'ime ahụ mmadụ;
• Kennyeghari kpụrụ ke idem, na-ada n'ime ya, tinyere protein oriri;
• Kennyeghari conventionally emepụta si dị oké mkpa ogige.

Key Njirimara

Gịnị bụ anụ ahụ na chemical Njirimara na-amino asịd? The n'ihi mmiri ọgwụ ndị a ogige enye otu echiche nke ha bụ isi e ji mara. Amino asịd nwere nnukwu agbaze ihe, n'ụzọ zuru okè soluble na mmiri, nwere a crystalline ụdị.

Olee ihe ọzọ na-ji amino asịd? N'ihi mmiri ọgwụ usoro ha na-egosi na ọnụnọ nke carbon ụmụ irighiri na-enwe ngwa anya ọrụ.

chemical e ji mara

Mmasị ha bụ n'ihi mmiri ọgwụ. Aminoacids - isi Ọdịdị nke peptides. Ọ bụ site na ijikọta ọtụtụ amino acid residues n'otu linear Ọdịdị bụ a njikọ nke a protein molekul. Mgbe eji na nwoke glycine powder ma ọ bụ mbadamba, a ngwa ngwa na mfe penetration nke organic umi ke ọbara. Mmasị ha bụ n'ihi mmiri ọgwụ. Amino asịd, ndi na-edozi, carbohydrates, abụba - bekee nke ndị dị mkpa maka ịrụ ọrụ nke ndị dị ndụ organism. Mgbe ha na-adapụta elu erughi ọrịa.

Amino asịd na-amphoteric ogige egosi sọrọ chemical Njirimara.

The ndu uru

Nke a na klas nke nitrogen-nwere ogige maka njikọ nke protein ụmụ irighiri na ahụ mmadụ. Na ikpe nke na mpe, e nwere oké nsogbu na ụjọ usoro. Gịnị ọzọ dị mkpa maka ahụ amino asịd? N'ihi mmiri ọgwụ ndị a amphoteric ogige-akọwa ihe ha mkpa maka biosynthesis nke glycogen na imeju. Ya ezughi oke ego na-eduga ná njọ ọrịa. N'etiti isi kpatara enweghị nke 20 mkpa amino asịd, ndị dọkịta na-akpọ nsogbu iri ihe, ịṅụ mmanya, Ịhazi nchegbu ọnọdụ. Iji zere depletion nke aru (zere protein erughi), ị ga-agụnye a nri mmiri ara ehi, anụ, na soy.

duality Njirimara

Olee ihe ndị na-enwe ihe amino acid? N'ihi mmiri ọgwụ ndị a ogige n'ihi ọnụnọ na ụmụ irighiri nke abụọ ọtọ iche iche. Ndị a chemical ogige nwere a carboxyl (acid) COOH otu, nakwa dị ka ndị amines. Dị otú ahụ bughi atụmatụ akọwara ndị chemical atụmatụ.

The myirịta na organic na ịnweta asịd gosiri na Jeremaya mere na-arụsi ọrụ ike ọla, isi oxides, bases, salts nke na-adịghị ike asịd. Ọzọkwa amino asịd nwere ike ịbanye chemical mmeghachi omume na alcohols na-etolite esters. Ọnụnọ nke amino otu akọwa ihe ha na mmekọrịta ya na asịd nke onyinye-acceptor usoro nke nkwurịta okwu.

Nhazi ọkwa na nomenclature

Dabere na ebe nke carboxyl iche iche nwere ike na-eke ndị a organic ogige ka Alfa, beta, amino asịd. The nọmba carbon atọm ebe a carbon amalite eso acid otu.

Na organic onwu dịpụrụ adịpụ amino acid dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọtọ iche iche: isi, na-anọpụ iche, acidic.

Dabere na ọdịdị nke hydrocarbon radicals emekarị nkewa niile amino asịd na abụba (aliphatic) heterocyclic, aromatic na sọlfọ-nwere ogige. Dị ka ihe atụ, ihe aromatic amino acid nwere ike na-anọchite anya 2 aminobenzoic acid.

Site Ịhazi nomenclature n'okpuru aha nke a na klas nke organic ogige ọgụgụ na-egosi ọnọdụ nke amino otu, mgbe ahụ, tinye aha nke carbon yinye, nke na-agụnye a carboxyl otu. Mkpụrụ okwu Grik a na-eji ihe omume ahụ na ihe amino acid ga-aha ya bụ site na-adịchaghị mkpa nomenclature.

Mgbe molekul dere abụọ ọtọ (amino), na aha ikwu na nganiihu mee: diamino-, triamino-. N'ihi polybasic amino asịd na aha kwukwara na triol acid ma ọ bụ diol.

Atụmatụ isomers na mmepụta nke amino asịd

Nyere specificity nke ndị chemical Ọdịdị nke ndị nnọchiteanya nke a na klas nke organic bekee, mata ọtụtụ ụdị nke isomerism. N'otu aka ahụ, carboxylic asịd ndị a amphoteric ogige, e nwere isomers nke a carbon ọkpụkpụ.

I nwekwara ike ime ka isomers na a dị iche iche ndokwa nke amino arụmọrụ. Of mmasị bụ ngwa anya isomer nke klas, nke na-enye ohere iji kọwaara ha ndu mkpa maka ndu eme ntule.

Dị ka a akụrụngwa n'ihi njikọ nke naịlọn amara aminocaproic acid. Site hydrolysis nwere ike nwetara 25 mkpa amino asịd. E nwere ụfọdụ nsogbu ndị na nkewa nke dapụtara ngwakọta nke amphoteric ogige. Na mgbakwunye na hydrolysis nke protein ụmụ irighiri nwere ike synthesized site omume amino asịd site mmeghachi omume galogenhzameschennyh jel-Volhard-Zelinsky.

Amino asịd kpụrụ n'oge Filiks nke hydrolysis nke ndi na-edozi nke na ihe oriri. Ndị bekee bụ ụlọ blocks, nke pụtara n'ihi na itinye n'ọnọdụ nke akwukwo nri na ụmụ anụmanụ na-edozi, saturation nke ahụ ahụ dị oké mkpa mmiri maka ya zuru ndụ.

Ka ihe atụ, na ikpe nke na oké ike ọgwụgwụ, mere site arọ ọrụ, ọrịa na-kenyere a ọnụego pụrụ iche nke amino asịd. Na glutamic acid a rụrụ ọgwụgwọ nke ụjọ ọrịa, gastric ọnyá mkpa na-eji a histidine. Na ugbo, na amino acid-eji dị ka a top mgbakwasa maka ụmụ anụmanụ na-akwalite ha na mmepe.

ọgwụgwụ

Amino asịd na-amphoteric organic ogige na-egwu ọrụ dị mkpa ụmụ mmadụ na ụmụ anụmanụ wastes. Ọ bụrụ na ezughi oke quantities nke otu n'ime ndị dị oké mkpa amino asịd, e nwere oké nsogbu ahụ ike. A zuru protein nri dị mkpa karịsịa n'oge uto, nakwa dị ka ndị na-ata ahụhụ na-adịgide adịgide ọrụ ahụ, na-na-arụsi egwuregwu.