Conductivity dị ka a isi e ji mara nke eletrik na-eduzi

Movement nke eletrik na-eduzi na-apụghị izere ezere na-esonyere ihe ụfọdụ anụ ahụ agha na gbochie a ije. Si ele ihe anya nke atọm na molekụla Ọdịdị nke ahụ umi Ozizi n'azụ a onu bụ na ebubo electrons n'oge ha ije ikukota na atọm nke nke bụ onye na-eduzi ihe.

Dị ka ihe ndị ọtụtụ nnyocha, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ collisions nke electrons bụ ozugbo yiri ka ekwe omume nke a akpan akpan ihe gabiga onwe ya eletrik na di ntakiri losses. N'ihi ya, ndị na-eguzogide, nke nwere a-eduzi ihe na-agafe therethrough ihe eletrik nwetara aha "Physics electric -eguzogide ndị na-eduzi ya."

Iguzogide ya bụ kpọmkwem dabere voltaji na inversely proportional ka nke ugbu a. Dị na mba usoro nke nkeji ịtụ na-denoted site n'akwụkwọ ozi R na tụrụ na ohms.

N'otu oge, mgbe mgbe na ihe e kere eke nke dị iche iche ihe na-esiwanye mkpa abụghị otú ifịk ifịk-eguzogide eduzi Itie therethrough nke eletrik, ma olee otú ọ bụ ike na-ebu otu ugbu a. The okwu inverse electric-eguzogide bụ conductivity.

Specific electric conductivity eji na physics, ihe e ji mara na n'ozuzu ike nke a na ahụ a eduzi eletrik. Na quantitative okwu, kpọmkwem conductivity bụ mmegwara nke resistivity. Ọ na-denoted site γ, na tụrụ ụkpụrụ hà m / ohm mm × ^ 2 ma ọ bụ Siemens / mita).

Dabere na isi iwu nke eletriki - Ohm iwu - uru nke conductivity na-egosi na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti na nke ugbu a njupụta nke pụtara na a akpan akpan eduzi, na space uru nke electric ubi na-egosi na a nyere gburugburu ebe obibi. Otú ọ dị, ndokwa a bụ nanị nti maka a homogeneous ajụ, na a nonuniform oyi akwa nke otu conductivity bụ ihe ọ bụla dị ka tensor.

Metal kasị elu conductivity e ji mara nke ọlaọcha na ọla kọpa. Nke a bụ n'ụzọ bụ isi n'ihi na peculiarities nke ihe owuwu nke crystal lattice, nke ka dịtụ mfe ịkwaga ebubo ahụ (electrons na ion).

Kwesịrị ịdị, dị ọcha ọla igosipụta elu conductivity karịa alloy, otú eletriki ụlọ ọrụ na-achọ na-erigbu ndị kacha dị ọcha na ọla kọpa na-adịghị na-adịghị karịa 0,05%. Na mberede, ndị conductivity nke ọla kọpa bụ 58,5 Simmons / mm ^ 2, nnọọ elu karịa ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ ọla.

Ke adianade metal-eduzi, na ụlọ ọrụ na-eme kwa ụbọchị n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka na-eduzi nke nonmetals, ndị kasị nke bụ carbon. Si ya, akpan akpan, a pụrụ iche brushes na-mere maka eletriki igwe, na electrodes eji na projectors, et al.