Crimea si accession ka Russia n'okpuru Catherine 2: History

Na 1475 dum ala gbara osimiri okirikiri na ugwu ugwu nke Crimea e weghaara ọchịchị Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman. Nyere na ndị fọdụrụ nke dịịrị banye na mmiri bụ Crimea Khanate, nke ghọrọ afọ atọ nke ya nọ n'okpuru, na-ọma-tọrọ ntọala mere aha nke Black Sea dị ka "Turkish esịtidem ọdọ", onye ọ bụ, na isi, bụ maka atọ ọzọ ọtụtụ narị afọ. Na nke a, na Crimea si accession ka Russia n'okpuru Catherine 2 izute kasị ngwa ngwa chọrọ nke Russian mba ọzọ amụma nke oge.

Ọ bụ mkpa tụziri site ndụ

Mgbe ọdịda nke Golden Horde na Russia na akpan akpan ịdị nkọ ọrụ bụ iji weghachi ohere ka Black Sea, nke adị oge nke Kievan rus ma na-emechi ya na oruru nke Tatar-Mongol yoke. Mee ya ka ọ dị mkpa nke mbụ niile na akụ na ụba metụtara, dị ka site na Black Sea na ha dị mkpa ụzọ azụmahịa na Mediterranean mba.

Ke adianade do, ọ dị mkpa ibibi Krymskoe Hanstvo, nke ókèala ọtụtụ narị afọ ịwakpo iji na bụ weghara ohu na ha n'ihu ere Constantinople. Dị ka mgbawa nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, ihe karịrị 300 afọ tupu accession nke Crimea na Russia n'okpuru Catherine 2, na ohu ahịa nke Turkey zitere dịkarịa ala, 3 nde mmadụ.

The mgbalị mbụ dozie nsogbu nke Crimea

Mgbalị ịmụta Crimea mere ugboro ugboro. Ịpụta ihe ọ na-echeta na mkpọsa nke Peter m na 1696-1698 biennium. ọ bụ ezie na-eduga ná kpọọ nke ebe ewusiri ike nke Azov, ma kpebiri na dum Black Sea okwu. N'ọbubu-eze Anny Ioannovny Russian agha ugboro abụọ mmeri banyere dịịrị banye na mmiri: na 1735 n'okpuru iwu nke B. H. Miniha, na mgbe afọ anọ gasịrị ─ Field Marshal P. P. Lassi. Otú ọ dị, ma mgbe ha na-amanye-agbahapụ n'ihi enweghị ọkọnọ na ntiwapụ nke ọrịa malitere na n'ohu agha.

A ezigbo ohere na-ebu ọdịdọ nke Crimea pụtara nanị otu ugboro na nkera nke abụọ nke XVIII narị afọ, New Russia e guzobere, bụ nke gụnyere nnukwu ebe nke Northern Black Sea, weghaara na Russia n'oge Russian-Turkish agha. Ọ na-kweere na site na malitere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke annexation nke Crimea na Russia site Catherine 2. Iji New Russia dị ka a rata maka inwekwu ọganihu, izugbe-in-Chief Army VM Dolgoruky na 1771, ka jisiri agbaji ndị na-eguzogide-agbachitere nke Crimea na inokota n'ime ya ókè.

Independent Krymskoe Hanstvo

Otú ọ dị, annexation nke Crimea na Russia n'okpuru Catherine 2, na nke nke kọwara n'okpuru ebe a, e kpọkwasịwo ọzọ dị nnọọ mkpa nzọụkwụ, nke e tụziri nke mkpa a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọchịchị na agha ọnọdụ nke oge. N'ihi ya nke mmeri nke Russian ogwe aka nke na agha na Turkey e banyere 1772 Karasubazarskogo nkwekọrịta, ọkwa otu nọọrọ onwe ha Khanate nke Crimea, bụ n'okpuru patronage nke Russia.

Dechara na afọ abụọ Russian-Turkish agha kara akara ọgwụgwụ nke Ottoman ọchịchị peninshula na-emeghe Russia na nọworo ohere ka Black Sea. O sina dị, rụzuru bụ nanị ọkara ụfọdụ na-apụghị-ewere dị ka mkpebi ikpeazụ nke Crimea nke.

The na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na agha na-emegide Turkey

Dị ka a pụrụ hụrụ si ndị na-Catherine 2, ebe-enweta onwe ha n'aka Crimea Khanate Ottoman Alaeze Ukwu, ọ na-ahapụ echiche nke ya accession ka ihe onwunwe ya. Nke a na-ezukọ na-ebute ọdịmma nke Russia, n'ihi na peninshula nwere mkpa akụ na ụba na agha-na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị mkpa maka mba ahụ dum. Otú ọ dị, Turkey bụ nnọọ mmasị na mweghachi nke ha na-achị na Crimea. Ma agha ọzọ mere mgbalị dị ukwuu iji nweta ihe ndị ha chọrọ mgbaru ọsọ, na n'ihi nke a na-alụ n'etiti Ottoman Alaeze Ukwu na Russia n'oge ahụ adaghị mbà.

Na November 1776 aru nke onyeisi-general A. A. Prozorovskogo abanye Crimea, wee chebe onwe ọnọdụ na Perekop. Ya ọsọ enyemaka site Moscow ngwa ngwa rutere Division n'okpuru iwu A. V. Suvorova. Joint mgbalị ha jisiri agbaji ndị na-eguzogide ndị agha nke Crimea Khan Giray Davlet na-amanye ya ka na-agbabakwa na Bakhchisarai, wee gbaga Constantinople. N'ọnọdu ya hoputara dị ọhụrụ onye na-achị Shahin Giray, bụ onye ghọrọ ikpeazụ n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Crimea Khan.

Tatar Khan, na-eche na a European

Ntuli aka nke onye a facilitated annexation nke Crimea na Russia n'ụzọ dị ukwuu site Catherine 2. N'adịghị ka ya ụzọ, ọ bụ nwoke dị nnọọ European si eche echiche. Mgbe ọzụzụ na Venice na Thessaloniki, Shahin Giray ọtụtụ asụsụ mba ọzọ, iwu na-abụghị nanị n'ime Tatar omenala.

Otú ọ dị, na-agbali iji gbanwee ndị agha, nhazi na aku usoro nke Khanate na European n'ụzọ dugara dissatisfaction nke ndị obodo ahụ na-emeghe nnupụisi, nke bụ ike na-ebelata naanị na enyemaka nke Russian bayonets. The bụrụkwa ọrụ idozi esemokwu na-egwuri oru na post of ọchịagha niile Crimea agha A. V. Suvorova.

Crimea kwabatara

Nkerisi dum ókèala ndị dịịrị banye na mmiri 4 territorial distrikti na enịm ke weghaara ewusiri ike bukwanu ìgwè ndị agha, ọ na-yipụ ma Turks na-akwado ha si obodo ama nke ikpeazụ ohere na-emetụta n'ime ndụ nke Crimea. Ọ bụ a dị ịrịba ama nzọụkwụ kwupụta annexation nke Crimea na Russia n'okpuru Catherine 2.

The mbụ n'etiti ndị bi dịịrị banye na mmiri n'okpuru nkpa-n'aka nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu nke Russia kpaliri ma kwaga ọhụrụ ọnọdụ nke ndị nnọchianya ya nke Kraịst bi ─ Georgians, ndị Armenia na ndị Grik. Ha na-nyere site n'ala n'ọnụ nke Danube na na n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Azov Oké Osimiri. N'oge opupu ihe ubi na okpomọkụ 1778 si Crimea wee 31 puku. Man, nke mere ka a kpara na Khan na-edebe akụ, n'ihi na ndị a ndị mmadụ bụ ihe ndị kasị aku na uba ifịk nke ndị bi.

Report na Prince G. A. Potomkina

Na 1781, ndị Turks kpasuru ọzọ nsogbu nke ndị obodo ahụ na, ghara inwe afọ ojuju iwu, ẹkenam Shahin Giray, na ọzọ nwere pacify ndị nnupụisi na Russian agha, a n'okpuru iwu nke Ya serene Onye nwem Prince G. A. Potomkina.

Na ya akụkọ ya ya n'iru eze, o dere na, dị ka ya kwuru, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị bi na-ezo aka nnọọ obi ọjọọ Shahin Giray na ga-ahọrọ n'okpuru Russian Protectorate. Obi abụọ adịghị ya, a jaa Potemkin keere a ọrụ ke annexation nke Crimea na Russia n'okpuru Catherine 2.

The memorandum, kpebiri akara aka nke Crimea

N'ịbụ a dị nnọọ anya-ahụ ụzọ nke ọma ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, G. A. Potomkin ghọtara mkpa maka Nsonye nke Crimea na Russian Alaeze Ukwu, dị ka ma ya n'ókèala ike ịghọ a adaba rata maka ọdịnihu aggressions na akụkụ nke Ottoman Alaeze Ukwu. Ọ bụ nnọọ ihe doro anya uru akụ na ụba nke na-eme nri ala nke Crimea aku na uba niile Northern Black Sea. Ndien ke akpatre, ọ ga-dechara mgbasawanye nke Russia ndịda ya eke ókè. Ya serene Onye nwem Prince echiche depụtara zuru ezu na memorandum zigara ha na December 1782 na Emperor.

Mgbe akafiakde ese na akwụkwọ natara, na Eze Nwanyị Ukwu na nzaghachi ya nye ya mmasị sara mbara ike iji mejuputa turu ime nke na mma ya oru ngo. N'ihi ya, annexation nke Crimea na Russia n'okpuru Catherine 2 (afọ 1783), ndị isi ọrụ na-eweta Prince Grigoriyu Aleksandrovichu Potomkinu, n'ihi na nke ọ na-e nyere aha nke Tauride (Tavriya ─ bụ oge ochie aha nke Crimea).

Nkwadebe nke ihe ndị mere eme

The ụbọchị nke annexation nke Crimea na Russia site Catherine 2 ga-atụle dị ka 8 (19) na April 1783, mgbe autocrat kwekọrọ ekwekọ manifesto e banyere. Otú ọ dị, n'oge ahụ, ọ nyere iwu na-edebe ya na nzuzo n'ihi na dị ka ogologo dị ka mgbanwe nke dịịrị banye na mmiri na ndị niile bi na ya n'okpuru Russian Mkpanaka eze agaghị aghọ a ezigbo omume.

Site na nke a oge na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndụ nke Crimea Khanate gbanwere budata. Ya mere asị site ndị Şahin Giray manyere arụkwaghịm si akakan onye na-achị, na ya ebe ahu bu ohere iputa. Nke a nyere aka Potemkin site na ha elekọta mmadụ ime ka ndị ọchịchị nọ n'ọkwá dị elu nke Khanate uru nke mgbanwe n'okpuru Protectorate of Russia.

Mgbe nke a gasịrị, ngwa ngwa jikoro na ndokwa na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke dịịrị banye na mmiri n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri e mere ịnabata n'ọdịnihu nsoro Black Sea Fleet. A afọ mgbe e mesịrị, e nwere ebe e wusiri ike obodo e wuru, na-akpọ na behest nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Sevastopol.

Iyi ịkwado Russia

N'ikpeazụ, na June 28 (July 9), 1783, kachasi manifesto e mere n'ihu ọha. Ya mere na nke mbụ (na Catherine 2) Crimea si accession na Russia bụ a fait accompli. Ihe ndị mere ugbu a, mgbe a na mpaghara vvtorichno gafere na Russian Federation, mara ọtụtụ ndị, ka biri na ha, anyị na-agaghị. Ma ihe ndị oge, n'ụbọchị ahụ na-erukwa Onye nwem Prince Potemkin, guzo n'elu a dị n'elu ugwu AK-Kaya, were iyi si ọhụrụ achị ya Imperial n'iru eze. The mbụ ṅụụrụ n'ọnụ nke na mpaghara obodo na nke ndị ụkọchukwu, ma na-akpata ha na-ama - niile nkịtị. Ruo ugbu a, ọ nọgidere na a akụkọ ihe mere eme akwụkwọ ─ manifesto on accession nke Crimea na Russia n'okpuru Catherine 2 photos nke na-n'ihu na isiokwu.