Ethanoic acid. Physical Njirimara, nkwadebe na iji

Ethanoic acid (aha ọzọ - acetic acid) - bụ ihe organic umi nke bụ nnọọ isi ike carboxylic acid. The nkwekọrịta nke a acid a na-akpọ acetates. Site a umi pụrụ inweta ethanoic acid methyl Ester: ethanal = + ethanoic acid methyl Ester.
Physical Njirimara ethanoic acid

1. ethanoic acid (usoro - CH3COOH) bụ a mmiri mmiri na-enweghị agba na isi na onye wetara utoojoo uto.
2. hygroscopic. Enweghị atụ soluble n'ime mmiri.
3. ethanoic acid miscible na kasị solvents. Ọ dị mma soluble gas na inorganic ogige dị ka ndewo (hydrogen iodide), HF (hydrogen Fluoride), HBr (hydrogen bromide), HCl (hydrochloric acid) na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.
4. E ka linear na cyclic dimers.
5. The dielectric mgbe nile nke 6.1.
6. mgbanye okpomọkụ na ikuku bụ 454 degrees.
7. ethanoic acid forms azeotropes na carbon tetrachloride, benzene, cyclohexane, toluene, heptane, ethylbenzene, trichlorethylene, o-xylene, p-xylene na bromoforom.

Ethanoic acid pụrụ inweta na ọtụtụ ụzọ:

1. Site oxidizing acetaldehyde na oxygen site n'ikuku. Usoro a bụ na o kwere omume naanị na ọnụnọ nke a mkpali - manganese acetate na okpomọkụ nke si na 50 ruo 60 degrees. The mmeghachi omume bụ dị ka ndị a:

2CH3CHO (acetaldehyde) + O2 (oxygen) = 2CH3COOH (ethanoic acid)

2. The oxidative ụzọ mee ụlọ ọrụ. Na mbụ maka ethanoic acid ọxịdashọn nke butane e ji na acetaldehyde.

Atsetilaldegid oxidized naanị na ọnụnọ nke manganese acetate na elu nsogbu na okpomọkụ. Mkpụrụ nke ethanoic acid bụ banyere iri itoolu na ise percent.

2CH3CHO + O2 = 2CH3COOH

N-butane e oxidized na okpomọkụ nke 150 na 200 degrees. Mgbe a cobalt acetate-eme dị ka a mkpali.

2C4H10 + 5O2 = 4CH3COOH + 2H2O

Ma n'ihi ịrị elu pụtara ìhè na mmanụ ahịa, ma ndị a ụzọ ghọrọ na-abaghị uru, ndị e anya dochie anya site ọzọ ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma usoro maka carbonylation nke methanol.

3. The catalytic carbonylation nke methanol - bụ ihe dị mkpa usoro maka njikọ ethanoic acid. Ọ na-adị nhazi akụkụ:

CH3OH + CO = CH3COOH

4. E nwekwara Biochemical mmepụta usoro nke na-eji ike nke microorganisms na oxidize ethanol. Nke a usoro a na-akpọ acetic gbaa ụka. Mgbe a na-eji dị ka a akụrụngwa okenye Ester ethyl mmanya ma ọ bụ etanolosoderzhaschie mmiri mmiri (fermented juices). Nke a multi-nzọụkwụ mgbagwoju usoro. Ọ nwere ike kọwara ndị na-esonụ akụkụ:
CH3CH2OH (ether mmanya) + O2 (oxygen) = CH3COOH (ethanoic acid) + H2O
ngwa

- ethanoic acid okenye agbanwe agbanwe na-eji na-emepụta ihe oriri, na-esi nri na ichebe;

- ethanoic acid a na-eji ike odoriferous bekee na ọgwụ ọjọọ (acetone, acetyl);

- eji na dyeing na-ebi akwụkwọ;

- ka a mmeghachi omume na-ajụ maka ọxịdashọn nke ụfọdụ organic bekee (hydrogen peroxide ọxịdashọn nke sulfides);

- ebe ethanoic acid ụzọ abụọ nwere onye wetara pungent ísì ụtọ, ọ ga-eji kama amonia.