General Dmitry Karbyshev, dike nke Soviet Union: A Biography. Feat nke General Karbysheva

Future dike nke Soviet Union Dmitry Karbyshev A mụrụ 1880 na Omsk. O nwere oké ozu si dị: nna-ya na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye agha mara. Mgbe onyeisi ezinụlọ nwụrụ nká, na nwa ahụ nanị afọ 12 ma na-elekọta nke dara na n'ubu nke nne.

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Family ekesịpde Tatar mgbọrọgwụ ma bụ na ndị agbụrụ na nke okpukpe otu Kryashens ekwupụta na Chọọchị Ọtọdọks, n'agbanyeghị nke Turkic malite. Dmitry Karbyshev nwekwara nwanne. Na 1887 enye ama jidere maka ikere òkè na amamihe ije nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na Kazan University. Vladimir e jidere ya, ndị ezinụlọ hụrụ onwe ya na a enwe ihe ijuanya banyere.

O sina dị, Dmitry Karbyshev enwe ike ịrụzu Siberia Cadet agha n'ihi na ha na talent na mgbalị. Mgbe nke a izi alụmdi soro Nikolaev engineering akwụkwọ. Ọ na-eto eto agha gosiri na ya. Karbyshev e zigara ókè-ala na Manchuria, ebe ọ na-eje ozi dị ka otu n'ime chiefs na ụlọ ọrụ, bụ maka telegraphy.

The ọrụ ke alaeze ukwu agha

On na Iv nke Russian-Japanese War, a keobere ojii natara n'usoro nke onyeisi. Ebe ọ bụ na mmalite nke agha, Dmitry Karbyshev e mee nchọpụta. Ọ meghere nkwukọrịta, maka ọnọdụ nke àkwà mmiri na n'ihu na so na ihe ndị dị mkpa agha. N'ihi ya, ọ hụrụ onwe ya oké nke ntiwapụ nke agha Mukden.

Mgbe agha, ọ na nkenke biri Vladivostok, ebe ọ nọgidere na-eje ozi na battalion. Na 1908-1911 gg. otu onye uwe ojii a zụrụ na Nikolayev Military Engineering Academy. Emechara ya, o wee na-Brest-Litovsk dị ka a isi, ebe ọ abuana ke ewu nke Brest Ebe e wusiri ike.

Ebe ọ bụ na ndị a afọ Karbyshev bụ na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ala nke obodo ahụ, ọ hụrụ onwe ya n'ihu ndị Agha Ụwa Mbụ site nnọọ ụbọchị mbụ nke ya mara ọkwa. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ọfịsa ndụ ẹkenịmde n'okpuru idu ndú nke ama Alekseya Brusilova. Ọ bụ South-Western Front, ebe Russia na-alụ agha na Austria-Hungary, na mgbanwe nke ọma. Ka ihe atụ, Karbyshev abuana ke ọma kpọọ nke Przemysl, na Brusilov itunanya. Ụbọchị ikpeazụ nke agha Karbyshev nọrọ na ókè na Romania, bụ ebe a na-ike nke iji chebe onwe ọnọdụ. Na N'ezie nke ọtụtụ afọ na n'ihu, o jisiri ike na-gbara na ụkwụ, ma ka na-laghachi na usoro.

Aga n'ime Red Army

Na October 1917, na Petrograd kuu, mgbe nke ahụ Bolsheviks wee ike. Vladimir Lenin chọrọ ka anyị agha na Germany ka anya dị ka o kwere ébé niile ha agha ọgụ esịtidem iro: ọcha ije. Iji mee nke a, ọ malitere a oke okwu nduhie, azọ Soviet ike na ndị agha.

Kpọmkwem Karbyshev hụrụ onwe ya n'ohu ahụ Red Nche. Na ya, ọ na-ahụ maka n'ịhazi nzere na injinịa ọrụ. Karịsịa a otutu Karbyshev mere na Volga mpaghara, ebe ke 1918-1919. Ọ gbara Eastern Front. Talent na ikike ya engineer nyeere Red Army nweta a foothold na mpaghara na-anọgide na ya tupu kwupụta Urals. Karbysheva ọrụ ibu bịara ná njedebe na nhọpụta nke 5th Army nke Red Army na otu nke na-eduga ọnọdụ. Civil agha, o kwusịrị na Crimea, ebe ọ na-ahụ maka engineering ọrụ Perekop ejikọ ndị dịịrị banye na mmiri na-adịdebeghị mmiri.

N'etiti World Wars

N'oge udo na 20s na 30s Karbyshev aku ozizi agha academies na ọbụna ghọọ prọfesọ. N'oge ruo n'oge, ọ na-abuana ke mmejuputa mkpa akụrụngwa oru ngo nke agbachitere. Dị ka ihe atụ, anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere "Stalin Lines".

Ebe ọ bụ na mmalite nke ndị Russo-Finnish War na 1939 Karbyshev pụtara na n'isi ụlọ ọrụ, ebe o dere nwere ikwu maka ihe itunanya nzere Mannerheim Line. A afọ mgbe e mesịrị, ọ ghọrọ a Lieutenant-General na Doctor nke Military Sciences.

N'oge ọ na-oru nta akuko na-eme Karbyshev dere banyere 100 ọrụ na injinịa. Dị ka akwụkwọ ọgụgụ na akụzi ihe kwadebere ọtụtụ Red Army ọkachamara ruo World War II. Karịsịa a otutu oge ewepụtara ọmụmụ Karbyshev general nke nke ọsọ ọsọ osimiri n'oge ọgụ egbe. Na 1940 ọ ghọrọ onye CPSU (b).

German n'agha

A izu ole na ole tupu mmalite nke Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya, General Karbyshev e zigara na-eje ozi n'isi ụlọ ọrụ nke 3rd Army. Ọ nọ na Grodno - nnọọ nso n'ókè. Ọ bụ ebe a na mbụ na-efega nke Wehrmacht e zigara mgbe June 22, 1941 malitere ịwa ka blitzkrieg.

A ụbọchị ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị ndị agha n'isi ụlọ ọrụ na Karbyshev na-gbara ya gburugburu. Ịgbalị gbapụ ji esi mmiri ọkụ bụ bụghị ịga nke ọma, na izugbe unan na Mogilev region, na nso nso Dnieper River.

Ozugbo n'agha, ọ bụ a otutu n'ogige ịta ahụhụ, nke ikpeazụ n'ime ha bụ nke Mauthausen. General Karbyshev bụ a ma ama ọkachamara na ná mba ọzọ. Ya mere ndị Germany si Gestapo na SS gbalịrị a n'ụzọ dịgasị iche iche iji merie n'elu ya n'akụkụ agaghịkwa na-eto eto mara onye ike rue ọmụma bara oké uru na German n'isi ụlọ ọrụ ma na-enyere Reich.

Ndị Nazi kweere na ihe ha na-adị mfe pụrụ ime Karbysheva-arụkọ ọrụ na ha. The ojii di site na ama, o jere ozi na tsarist agha ruo ọtụtụ afọ. Atụmatụ ndị a biographies pụrụ ikwu na General Karbyshev - random ndị mmadụ na Bolshevik okirikiri na obi ụtọ na-eme ka a ndibiat na Reich.

60 afọ ojii ọtụtụ ugboro na nkọwa mkparịta ụka ada ka mkpa isi, ma agadi nwoke jụrụ-arụkọ ọrụ na Germany. Oge ọ bụla, o ji obi ike kwuo na Soviet Union mmeri na World War II na ndị Nazi na-meriri. Ọ dịghị onye nke ya eme ekwughị na onye mkpọrọ agbajikwa ọ bụ furu efu na obi.

na Hammelburg

N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1942 Karbyshev Dmitry Mikhailovich e bufere Hammelburg. Ọ bụ a pụrụ iche n'ogige ịta ahụhụ maka weghaara ojii. Ebe a ka ha kee kasị ala ọnọdụ ibi ndụ. N'ihi ya, German na-edu ndú gbalịrị iji merie n'elu elu-ogo ọrụ nche nke ndị iro agha, nke ùgwù dị ukwuu ugwu n'ụlọ. N'oge agha na Hammelburg letara site 18 puku Soviet mkpọrọ. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere elu agha n'ohu. Ọtụtụ mebiri mgbe ahapụ n'ogige ọnwụ na hụrụ onwe ha a ọma na-adaba adaba ebe eji, ebe ndị enyi ha na ha. Otú ọ dị Karbyshev Dmitry Mikhailovich emeghị eme ka onye iro psychological ọgwụgwọ na nọsiri ike Soviet Union.

N'ihi general e tinyere a pụrụ iche nwoke - Colonel Pelit. Nke a mara nke Wehrmacht n'oge ozi na ndị agha Tsarist Russia, na ihe ndị magburu onwe ọmụma nke Russian asụsụ. Ke adianade do, ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Karbyshevo n'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ na Brest-Litovsk.

Old enyi na oyom a dịgasị iche iche nke na-eru nso ka Karbyshev. Ọ bụrụ na ọ jụrụ kpọmkwem nkwado na Wehrmacht, mgbe ahụ, Pelit nyere ya compromises ka ihe atụ, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka a akụkọ ihe mere eme na-akọwa na ndị agha arụmọrụ nke Red Army na nke ugbu a agha. Otú ọ dị, dị otú ahụ amụma nwere ike ghara ime na mara.

Ọ bụ na-akpali na mbụ ndị Germany chọrọ Karbyshev ya guzo isi nke Russian Ntọhapụ Army, nke mechara duru General Vlasov. Ma mgbe ndị na-abụghị imekọ ihe ọnụ mere ka azụmahịa: na Wehrmacht hapụrụ ya echiche. Ugbu a na Germany a na-eche na ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ na onye mkpọrọ ekweta na-arụ ọrụ na Berlin dị ka a bara uru lọjistik ọkachamara.

na Berlin

General Dmitry Karbyshev, onye biography emi esịnede na-adịgide adịgide relocations, ka a tọrọ ụtọ achịcha maka Reich, na ndị Germany efunahụghị olileanya ịchọta a nkịtị asụsụ na ya. Mgbe ọdịda Hammelburg ha sụgharịa agadi nwoke na kpọchiri nanị na Berlin na-enwe n'ebe izu atọ na ọchịchịrị.

E mere nke a na nzube na-echetara Karbyshev ka o wee ghọọ a aja nke oké ụjọ mgbe ọ bụla, ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-achọghị na-erubere Wehrmacht. N'ikpeazụ, bụ onye mkpọrọ e zitere nchọpụta maka oge ikpeazụ. The Germany jụrụ maka enyemaka nke otu n'ime ndị kasị na-akwanyere ùgwù ndị ọkachamara na ha agha engineering. Ọ bụ Heinz Rubengeymer. Nke a maara nke ọma bụ ọkachamara tupu agha oge, dị ka Karbyshev, na-arụ a monograph na ha n'ozuzu profaịlụ. Dmitry Mikhailovich onwe ya si mesoo ya nsọpụrụ maara dị ka a na-akwanyere ùgwù ọkachamara.

Rubengeymer mere ya counterpart mkpa ikpe. Ọ bụrụ na Karbyshev kwetara na-arụkọ ọrụ, o nwere ike inwe ya onwe ulo na a full aku nche n'ihi na àkù nke German ala. Ke adianade do, ndị injinia na-enye free ohere niile ọba akwụkwọ na-edebe ihe ochie na Germany. O nwere ike ịdị na-eme na n'ọnụ ọmụmụ ma ọ bụ na-arụ ọrụ nwere na ubi nke injinịa. N'ihi ya Karbyshev ekwe na-anakọta a ìgwè ndị ọkachamara na-enyere ya aka. The ojii ga-a onyeisi-general-ndi-agha nke German ala.

Karbysheva feat bụ eziokwu na ọ na-anaghị anabata aro nke onye iro, n'agbanyeghị na ụfọdụ dị persistent mgbalị. Against ya mee a dịgasị iche iche nke ụzọ nke na-eru n'obi: mmaja, okwu ire ụtọ, nkwa, wdg Na njedebe, ọ na-chụrụ na usoro iwu na-arụ ọrụ ... Nke ahụ bụ Karbyshev ọbụna nwere ịkatọ Stalin na Soviet na-edu ndú. All na a chọrọ n'aka ya - na-erube isi cog na usoro nke atọ Reich.

N'agbanyeghị nsogbu ahụ ike, na otu nnukwu afọ, General Dmitry Karbyshev na a kwuru a ike ịjụ. Mgbe ahụ, German na-edu ndú na o nyere elu na e dere dị ka a nwoke okpukpe n'isi lara kpara akpa banyere Bolshevism. Jiri ihe ndị a ndị mmadụ ka ha onwe ha na nzube Reich enweghi ike.

Ọrụ ike

Karbysheva nke Berlin e bufere Flossenburg - n'ogige ịta ahụhụ, bụ nke e-adịkwaghị na obi ọjọọ iwu, na ndị mkpọrọ na-enweghị nkwụsị akpati ozu ahụ ike na ọrụ ahụhụ. Ma ọ bụrụ na ndị dị otú ahụ a na-arụ ọrụ ihe na-efunahụ ndị remnants nke agha na-eto eto mkpọrọ, ị pụrụ iche n'echiche otú ike na ọ bụ maka okenye Karbysheva, nke bụ na iri asaa.

Otú ọ dị, kwa na ọnụnọ Flyussenbyurge ọ dịghị mgbe o mere mkpesa mara ụlọikwuu management na ogbenye ọnọdụ. Mgbe agha, ndị Soviet Union ghọtara aha ndị dike, bụghị agbajikwa na n'ogige ịta ahụhụ. The obi ike omume nke izugbe gwara ọtụtụ ndị mkpọrọ ndị gara ya na ya na ụfọdụ ọrụ. Dmitry Karbyshev, a feat nke na-agba mbọ ọ bụla ụbọchị, aghọwo ihe atụ na-eso. Ọ kụnyere nchekwube ikpe mkpọrọ.

N'ihi na-edu ndú nkà nke General enyefere onye mara ụlọikwuu nke ọzọ, nke mere na ọ na-adịghị kpaliri uche nke ndị mkpọrọ ndị ọzọ. Ya mere, ọ gara nile Germany, dị ka a na iri na abuo mkpọrọ ozugbo "ụlọ mmepụta ihe na nke ọnwụ."

Kwa ọnwa, na ozi ọma si n'ihu ghọrọ ihe na-emenye egwu maka German na-edu ndú. Mgbe mmeri na Stalingrad, na Red Army akpatre butere ụzọ na ha onwe ha ma malite a counteroffensive na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ direction. Mgbe n'ihu bịakwutere n'ókè-ala nke tupu agha Germany, malitere ihe ngwa ngwa esi kpọpụ mmadụ nile nke ogige ịta ahụhụ. Staff emesi ndị mkpọrọ, na mgbe ahụ efehe mba. A na n'ebe nile.

Mgbuchapụ na Mauthausen

Na 1945 Dmitry Karbyshev bụ n'ogige ịta ahụhụ na-akpọ Mauthausen. Austria, nke dị na a jọgburu onwe alụmdi, bịara n'okpuru agha Soviet agha.

Maka nchedo nke ndị dị otú ahụ na saịtị bụ mgbe ahụ SS stormtroopers. Ọ bụ ha bụ ndị mere mgbuchapụ nke mkpọrọ. N'abalị, Feb. 18, 1945, ha na-achịkọta ihe a puku mkpọrọ, otu n'ime ha bụ Karbyshev. Ndị mkpọrọ ahụ na-yipụ na zigara mmiri, ebe ha bụ ndị n'okpuru iyi nke ice mmiri. Dobe na okpomọkụ na-eduga ná eziokwu na ọtụtụ nanị na-ajụ n'obi ya.

Mkpọrọ na-anwụghị mbụ nnọkọ nke osisi ịta, nyere uwe ime na zigara ogige ahụ. N'èzí bụ kentuoyi ihu igwe. Mkpọrọ rugide nta dị iche iche. N'oge na-adịghị ha malitere awụkwasị nke a ọkụ sooks nke otu ice-mmiri oyi. General Karbyshev guzo n'ime ìgwè mmadụ, gbara ibe mmasị ma na-egosi dịghị ụjọ. Ụfọdụ na-agbalị na-agba ọsọ n'ebe ha kwupụta oké jets. Ha na-jide, tie na truncheons laghachi n'ime ebe. Na njedebe, ọ fọrọ nke nta niile gburu, tinyere Dmitry Karbyshev. Ọ bụ 64 afọ.

Soviet nchoputa

The ikpeazụ nkeji nke ndụ Karbysheva bịara mara n'ụlọ ekele ihe àmà nke Canadian Isi, jisiri aka ịlanarị fateful n'abalị nke mgbuchapụ nke ndị mkpọrọ nke Mauthausen.

Anakọtara iberibe nri nke ihe ọmụma banyere akara aka nke a dọọrọ n'agha General kwuru banyere ya ahụkebe obi ike na-asọpụrụ ọrụ. Na August 1946, ọ na-mgbe ọ nwụsịrị ọdịda nke kasị elu award nke mba - aha nke dike nke Soviet Union.

N'ọdịnihu, dum socialist ala meghere ncheta na ya nsọpụrụ. Ọ bụkwa aha General akpọ n'okporo ámá. The isi ncheta Karbyshev n'ezie nke dị n'ókèala Mauthausen. Na saịtị nke ncheta e meghere n'ogige ịta ahụhụ ndị nwụrụ anwụ ma dị ọcha ahụhụ. Nke a bụ ebe e nwere ihe ncheta. Heroes nke Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya nke Soviet Union kpatara na ha n'ohu a ekwe ekwe n'ozuzu.

Oyiyi-ya karịsịa-ewu ewu na agha oge. The eziokwu na ọtụtụ ndị ọchịagha, na-ejide elu na n'ogige ịta ahụhụ, ọ bụ siri ike ime ka mba ndị dike. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na forcibly mkpi azụ n'ụlọ, na a iri na abuo ihe na repressed. Onye eyịride Vlasov ikpe, ndị ọzọ bụ ndị na Gulag na ebubo nke ụjọ. Stalin onwe ya bụ mkpa nke dị ọcha onyinyo nke dike, nke nwere ike ibu ihe atụ ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ọgbọ nke Army.

Ọ tụgharịrị na-a nwoke na Karbyshev. Aha ya na-akpamfia na peeji nke akwụkwọ akụkọ. Popular bụ Dmitry Karbyshev na akwụkwọ: n'ihi na ọ na e dere ọtụtụ ọrụ. Ka ihe atụ, Sergei Vasilyev, raara nye General uri "Ebube". Ọzọ mkpọrọ nke Mauthausen, Yuri Pilar, bụ akwụkwọ ndị nkà biography nke "Honor" mara.

Soviet ọchịchị ahụ nwara ike immortalize ndị feat Karbysheva. N'otu declassified NKVD akwụkwọ na-egosi na nchoputa nke ọnwụ ya rụrụ ngwa ngwa na na iwu site n'elu. Dị ka ihe atụ, Canadian Major egosi St. Clair (akpa àmà) ndị ekwekọghị na etịbe. Site na ọ na-aghọta ihe ọtụtụ ihe-nkọwa na mgbe tojuru biography Karbysheva.

St. Clair, na onye na-agba akaebe bụ akara aka nke onye ahụ nwụrụ anwụ general, ọ nwụrụ afọ ole na ole mgbe agha si emebi ahụ ike. Mgbe Soviet nchọpụta jụọ ya ajụjụ, ọ na-ama na-arịasi ọrịa. O sina dị, na 1948 onye so dee Novogrudski arụchaala ukara akwụkwọ raara nye biography Karbysheva. Na ya, o kwukwara, a otutu banyere nke St. Clair mgbe kwuru.

Enweghị ewetu obi ike omume nke ndị ọchịagha, ndị ọchịchị Soviet gbalịrị mechie anya ha ka akara aka nke ọzọ elu-ogo ọrụ nche nke ndị agha, bụ ndị e mekpọrọ ọnụ ma gbuo osisi ịta ulo nke Gestapo. Fọrọ nke nta niile ha nwere metụtara nke nleghara anya "ndị sabo" na "ndị iro" nke Stalin si iwu.