Howitzer "Hyacinth". Egbe ala "Hyacinth-B": oru nkọwa na photos

Odika 50-60-ies nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ, mmepe nke omenala egbe ala ogbunigwe na USSR fọrọ nke nta kwụsị. Mgbe ahụ, ndị agha ozizi nke na-enwe mmeri echiche na-eme n'ọdịnihu - maka Tammy. N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú, mmepe nke ot ngwá agha na-arụ ọrụ ike iji mee ka mba ndị ndú nke mkpa n'ihu mmepe nke a n'alaka ụlọ ọrụ nke na ngwá agha.

The ikpeazụ ahịhịa ọka ọnọdụ ụfọdụ "na-ekpo ọkụ tụrụ" nke oge, mgbe ochie Soviet howitzer bụ nnọọ njọ karịa ọhụrụ tolite nke American gunsmiths. Ọ pụtara howitzer "Hyacinth" na oge. Ya kere eke bụ mmalite nke a n'ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke na uru nke ndị oge gboo egbe ala ogbunigwe ama e ụka. onwe-propelled nkeji na otu aha e kere ya isi, nke a ụbọchị nọ n'ozi gburugburu ụwa.

Basic technical ọmụma

Ya mere na-akpọ Soviet mmepụta towed egbe caliber nke bụ 152 mm. Ntem, ọ bụ nke na udi nke arọ ogbunigwe. Nke a na Usoro a na-bu n'obi na-ebelata na mbibi zuru ezu nke onye iro bipu, ogbunigwe, armored ugbo ala na mbuso iro na-eme njem, nakwa dị ka mbibi nke e wusiri ike iwu posts na ebe nke ịta nke onye iro agha.

Dị ka ndị ọzọ yiri Soviet ngwá, howitzer "Hyacinth" nwere ike n'ụzọ gara nke ọma-eji na a dịgasị iche iche nke ihu igwe na Ọnọdụ Ihu Igwe. Ghara-enweghị isi, anyị na-enye a ihe atụ. N'ihi ya, na ule ya gosiri ezi ihe mgbe firing na ihere ọnọdụ okpomọkụ si -50 ° C na +50 Celsius C. Nke a egbe ala na-anọchi na Russian agha, nakwa dị ka mba ndị ọzọ, na n'oge gara aga nke USSR. Ke adianade do, howitzer "Hyacinth" na burugodị na Finnish agha.

Brief Historical Background

Development nke a ọhụrụ ụdị ngwá agha ahụ malitere na 1968 na Perm. ka a ọhụrụ egbe, ndị e ji mara nke ga-elu ẹdude analogues n'ụbọchị ahụ, otu bụ a ọrụ maka mmepe site ná mmalite. Site ná mmalite, ọ na oru imewe nke abụọ ụdị nke nrụnye. mbụ - towed howitzer "Hyacinth 2A36", nke abụọ - a nlereanya 2A37. The ọhụrụ egbe zubere maka arịọnụ na a onwe-propelled ogbunigwe na a yiri aha.

Ná mmalite, ndị isi mmebe a họpụtara a nkà engineer YN Kalachnikov. Ọ ga-kwuru na mbụ na égbè egbe samples e gosiri ama ke 1971-1972 afọ. Site na Soviet agha ya malitere-anapụta site 1976. Gịnị mere e ji dị otú ahụ a obere caliber egbe maka "Hyacinth" a họọrọ? Howitzer 240 mm ga-irè karị na okwu nke ọgụ ike, na nke ahụ bụ naanị maka njem dị otú ahụ a nnukwu anụ gaara aka ịzụlite pụrụ iche traktọ.

Ihe mere ndị ewu ewu

Ọbụna taa, ndị "gharazie ịba uru" ihe nlereanya 2A36 nwere magburu onwe e ji mara na-eme ka howitzer egwu ngwá agha. Ọ e ji a nnukwu ọgụ ike, elu agagharị na ntụkwasị obi. Ọ nwere ike na a ga-ebu na-enweghị pụrụ iche nsogbu site okporo ígwè, na oké osimiri na site n'ikuku. Ọ bụrụ na egbe "Hyacinth" mee nwere ahụmahụ otu, o nwere ike n'ụzọ gara nke ọma-eji na ọ fọrọ nke nta niile na ọnọdụ nke oge a na-alụ agha.

Maka ozi na teknuzu ngwaọrụ

The egbe na-onwem na a ụzọ ámá semiautomatic ụdị hydro-pneumatic recuperator, nke na-eji anaghị achọ ike nke gbọmgbọm ịlaghachi n'ọnọdụ mbụ mgbe na-eme a shot. Ikwado njikwa nke arọ mgbọ, e nwere a yinye oriri usoro nke ma ndị shei ma na-achụpụ powder ụgwọ (iche iche Nchaji shells).

Maka ngwaahịa kpọmkwem site mpụta nke-achịkwaghị achịkwa (anya isi gwa wheel) pallet na-eji na a dị ike haịdrọlik Jack. The egbe Ọdịdị enye vetikal nduzi abụọ ọsọ usoro. Kpọmkwem ngwá ọrụ bụ 152 mm caliber egbe, nlereanya 2A36. Mgbe Ekechila ọnụ breeki ngụkọta gbọmgbọm ogologo nke 8197 mm.

ọgụ nkenye ọnọdụ

Ọ na-emepụta a na egbe "Hyacinth" na e ji ebu ihe na atọ na-akwado ihe nke yiri nnọọ ka 122-mm towed howitzer D-30. Abụọ nke atọ bed bụ ibughari, nke mere na nkenye ọnọdụ nke batrị usoro teren dịtụ mfe. Site na oge a na ime-ewe na ngụkọta oge na-akwadebe site ọ dịghị ihe karịrị abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ nkeji. Ebe ọ bụ na egbe ibu dịtụ obere (iri tọn), ọkọlọtọ agha traktọ nwere ike ji mee ihe maka njem.

Gịnị usoro nwere ike ji mee ihe maka towing?

Rịba ama na n'ihi nzube a ga-eji ụgbọala KrAZ-255, KrAZ-260 (6x6) ma ọ bụ ọkọlọtọ crawler traktọ AT-T, ATC, ATS-59 ATS, Mt-T, nke di na ọrụ fọrọ nke nta niile nke obodo Warsaw mmeko. Akpali mmasị, mgbe ahụ e ji ebu na-ekwe site a traktọ ije ọsọ 60 km / h. Nke a "Hyacinth-B" na-eji tụnyere mma na ndị ọzọ towed howitzers, guzo ọrụ nke mba anyị na NATO.

Countering mmetụta

Ulo na a ji ebu nke a ngwá agha dị ike ga-ekwe omume ekele eziokwu na e ji mee ihe na Ekechila ọnụ breeki nke pụrụ iche imewe, nke kwere ihe ugboro abụọ ala-alaghachi. Ikwado ngụkọta oge nke na-arụ ọrụ, nyere ngwaọrụ yinye projectiles ọkọnọ imewe. Mgbe n'elu e nwere a ìhè igwe nche na-echebe ndị na-arụ ọrụ site mgbọ na shrapnel. Ma ballistic arụmọrụ, ha na-fọrọ nke nta ka otu maka howitzer ml-20.

Ọ ga-kwuru na na na-ewu nke a nchebe na-emepụta nwere ọtụtụ ọgbaghara n'oge. The eziokwu na mbụ ule ndị agha na-eme ememe ihe bụ nnọọ ike Ekechila ọnụ. Ọ bụghị nanị na-akpọlite a ígwé ojii nke ájá, kpamkpam unmasking onye iro, ma nwere ike ime ka ezigbo ahụ ngụkọta oge. A na-amụ ihe niile ozi a, ndị na-emepụta jisiri ike a dịtụ kọmpat ma irè ọta, nke na ụfọdụ na ọ bụ ike idi ọbụna igwe egbe firing ogbunigwe ọnọdụ.

underride usoro

Dị ka anyị na-ama, si, ke imewe ngwaọrụ eji Ekechila ọnụ breeki slotted ụdị. Ma ọ bụ ezughị maka leveling nke ike anaghị achọ mgbe firing a 152-millimeter shei. Iji kpamkpam wepụ ngụkọta oge nke ihe ọjọọ na-aka mma na-agbapụ ziri ezi, ndị na-emepụta nyere a haịdrọlik breeki na pneumatic recuperator.

N'adịghị ka ndị ọzọ anụ ụlọ howitzers, nke ikpeazụ jupụtara nitrogen. Nke a na-enyere inert gas imenyụ mmetụta dị ike projectiles na a elu arụmọrụ.

atụmatụ shells

Ọ ga-kwuru na karịsịa maka "Hyacinth-B" n'oge pụrụ iche gbaa maka iche iche-ikpe loading e mepụtara. Ọ ejikọrọ na eziokwu na-aghọ a kama mgbagwoju na ọrụ ma na ihe siri ike ọnọdụ tupu emepụta. Ha nwere ike a ngwá agha, nke nwere zuru ezu agagharị na portability na elu ọgụ ike. Ke adianade do, egbe ga-efe na ihe karịrị atọ ma ọ bụ anọ ndị mmadụ.

Ya mere, ka depụta niile isi ụdị nke shells na ike ga-eji "Hyacinth". Howitzer, nke ndise bụ na akwụkwọ, Ome ndị na-esonụ ụdị nke mgbọ:

• VOF39 nlereanya. Standard shot n'ime imewe na-agụnye elu-agbawa agbawa isi RP-29. Ngụkọta arọ bụ 46 kilogram, nke 6,73 kg karịsịa dị ike na-agbawa agbawa ọkwa A-IX-2.
• Pịnye ZVOF86. Ọ bụ na-akpali n'ihi na o nwere a Ọdịdị na rọketi-aka projectile RP-59 nlereanya, na nke i nwere ike obi ike see lekwasịrị na anya nke ruo 33,5 kilomita.
• pụrụ iche bọmbụ nuklia nke ala ike nwekwara e mepụtara (0.1-2 n'arọ). Ọ ga-kwuru na n'oge a munitions iwu site a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mgbakọ. Otú ọ dị, ị ka dị mkpa ka na-n'uche na howitzer "Hyacinth", nke awade àgwà anyị akwụkwọ, nwere ike ọkụ ndị a munitions. Nke a na-eme ka ọ na-nnọọ ize ndụ agha n'etiti iche iche nke tube ogbunigwe.
• Gbara cassette ụdị 3o-13. Nwere ike n'ụzọ na fragmentation submunitions, na oge e nwere ụyọkọ munitions, nke eji onwe ha echiche-ihe mgbaru ọsọ submunitions. High ọgụ arụmọrụ a na-enweta site n'iji oge a nzube sensọ. Dịtụ nso nso a mepụtara shells, nke ike-eji n'ịwa jammer iwetara weghachi lekwasịrị iro ogbunigwe.
• E nwekwara ihe mgbochi-cumulative shot (agbapụ naanị kpọmkwem ọkụ) na anwụrụ ọkụ bombs.

ọgụ ngwa

Uru ime ihe na Afghanistan ọnọdụ mere gosiri na otu nkeji kwadebere ma zụọ na ngụkọta oge nwere ike ise ma ọ bụ isii gbaa. Ke ofụri ofụri, ndị agha reviews banyere nke a ngwá agha dị nnọọ ka okwu ire ụtọ: ike na ihe ndị magburu onwe ballistics nke projectiles pụrụ-ekwe nkwa ibibi fọrọ nke nta ọ bụla onye iro e wusiri ike.

Rịba ama na ndị na ọnọdụ ndị Gunners nwere na-arụ ọrụ siri nnọọ ike, dị ka visual nnyocha mgbaru ọsọ fọrọ nke nta mgbe, na-agbanwe agbanwe ugwu weather ukwuu sikwuoro ọbụna kpọmkwem ọkụ. N'otu oge, "Hyacinth" kwesịrị anyị ude nke agha, ruru ya elu pụrụ ịdabere: ọbụna mgbe ọtụtụ iri na abuo gbaa chụọ n'ọrụ na n'otu oge ahụ, na-egbe ndị dị njikere maka inwekwu ọgụ.

Rịba ama na 152-mm howitzer "Hyacinth" nnọọ ifịk ifịk na-eji agha ma Chechen mkpọsa. Ọgụ ike nke ngwá ọrụ a ihe karịrị otu ugboro sụgharịrị a ọma ọrụ, ebe ọ bụ na ọ ga-ama-enweghị ọtụtụ ihe isi ike ibibi ọnọdụ nke militants, ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na ha na-ofu ke a oke ihe ụlọ. Ọtụtụ volleys nke kpọmkwem ọkụ - na nke pillboxes nọgidere na ugwu ụlọ righirighi.

akụkụ egbe

The egbe nwere a nnọọ nnukwu akụkụ: ogologo-ya bụ banyere 13 mita na-stowed ọnọdụ, na-agba ndị na-egosi bụ ubé nta - banyere 12.5 m elu nke ogwe na-stowed ọnọdụ bụ 2760 millimeters .. Ground nwechapụ biaxial Chassis - 475 millimeters. The obosara nke ọrịa strok - 2340 mm. The n'obosara nke ọ bụla n'ime ihe anọ wiil bụ 1080 millimeters, obosara nke na taya - 300 millimeters.

Operating mgbali na taya kwesịrị nọgidere na-enwe na 4.8 kg / cm² strok iyi bụ mkpokọta 150 mm. Howitzer ji "Hyacinth-B" banyere 9800 kilogram. Oke nso nke ọkụ elu-agbawa agbawa shells bụ 28,5 kilomita. Na ihe anya nwere ike ka na-agba "Hyacinth"? Howitzer, firing nso nke na nkịtị ọnọdụ esịmde 25-28 puku mita, na ihe banyere ojiji nke oge a Tammy nwere ike ọkụ na a anya nke 41 kilomita.

All a na-egosi na egbe, nke malitere ịzụlite na 60-ies nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ, ka e ji otu nnukwu arụmọrụ n'ọgbọ agha.

ụfọdụ mgbanwe

High ọgụ ike na irè nke eji (onwe-propelled howitzer "Hyacinth" natara "Mgbukpọ" aha otutu) mee ka eziokwu na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na Soviet Union malitere inye ha onwe ha nsụgharị nke mgbanwe nke ndị dị otú ahụ a bara uru na ngwá agha. Otu n'ime nhọrọ natara BR koodu. The akwụkwọ ozi "K" na-egosi kartuzny ụdị Loader. Onwere, a obibia na-atụ anya: ọnụnọ ke Ọdịdị nke 152-millimeter projectile ọla aka uwe budata enwekwu ya na-eri.

Ọ na-mere a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke 155-millimeter "Hyacinth", bu n'obi n'ihi na mbupụ na mba na-eji ogbunigwe shells NATO ọkọlọtọ.