Howitzer "peony": e ji mara. Self-propelled howitzer 2S7 "pion"

Gbasịrị NATO agha dị iche iche na mba nke Warsaw mmeko na mbubreyo sixties - n'oge seventies ibu aggravated. Se Iketịbede ke Czechoslovakia, mgbe nile Mee-elu nke US nuclear edidu ke backdrop nke-aga n'ihu Vietnam War, ọtụtụ mpaghara esemokwu - niile a mere ka ndị kasị pessimistic atụ anya ka a udo n'ọdịnihu. The agha ozizi nke ndị Soviet Union nyere bụghị naanị a echiche nke kwere omume mbuso agha na ozugbo mgbanwe na-akpasu iwe iji nyefee ifịk ebe nke arụmọrụ on ọzọ n'ókèala. Iji mejuputa a plan, ndị dị ike agha òtù n'otu na-asị e guzobere na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke USSR. Crush e wusiri ike akara nwere onye iro, na ha na-a ogu ọtụtụ ngwá agha, ọ bụghị nanị iji chebe onwe ma na-akpasu iwe. One dị otú ahụ na ngwá ọrụ na ghọrọ a onwe-propelled howitzer 2S7 "pion", ike nke na-agba abụghị naanị ot (ọgbụgba ọkụ), ma site na pụrụ iche ebubo. Agha asụsụ otú a na-akpọ ngwá agha nuklia.

mere uyen

The mbụ Soviet nuclear warhead e ọma na-anwale ke 1949. Ma ole na ole nwere ngwá agha ọgwụrụ, maka ya ngwa nnyefe usoro na-mkpa. N'oge ahụ, nanị ụzọ ka a nuclear iku ugbo elu na-bọmbụ na Stalin na Soviet Union bụ na mkpofu naanị otu ụdị ugbo elu, ike na-ebu multi-ton egwu ibu ókè. Tu-4 depụtaghachiri site na American B-29, n'oge gara aga, "na-akwanyere ùgwù" ọgụ na Hiroshima na Nagasaki. Ma Soviet ogbunigwe usoro e weere dị ka nke abụọ ọ bụla, na otu onye nke mbụ bụ echiche nke iji ha maka firing nuclear bombs obere ikike. Mgbe e mesịrị, mgbe ihe karịrị iri afọ abụọ, howitzer "peony" aghọwo a n'ezie materialization nke imewe echiche, na mgbe ahụ, ná mmalite fifties, ọ gbalịrị-aghọta, ma ọ bụghị nnọọ nke ọma. Ule nke onwe-propelled egbe na arọ ogbunigwe 2A3 2B1 kpughere ọtụtụ isi flaws ndị a na usoro, tumadi ruru ka ha bulkiness na arọ arọ. N'oge ọchịchị nke N. S. Hruscheva ogbunigwe kwụsịrị iji tụlee oge a na ngwá agha. Dị ka ọ tụgharịa si, ọ bụ akaghi aka.

kenkwucha ọrụ

N'oge nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ-emeri na-akpasu iwe na ime, dị ka agha theorists na ọchịagha, ke akpa adọ ọ dị mkpa na-ebelata-eri ego nke na-eguzogide, na-emikpu na ogbaaghara nke nkwurịta okwu ma na-achịkwa nke onye iro, si otú ime ka ndị kasị mmebi ya agbachitere ike. Iji mezuo nke a ọrụ na oge anyị na-eji kenkwucha akụ ụta, atụ bọmbụ wakpo ugbo elu na ndị ọzọ na-esi n'aka ọku ikpughe, gụnyere ogologo nso ogbunigwe. The uru nke ikpeazụ bụ ikwu cheapness nke ọ bụla shot (tụnyere Tammy) na mfịna mmeri agha na-atọm ụgwọ na ikuku. The egbe kwesịrị inwe a nọmba nke teknuzu egosi, otu nke ndị isi bụ: ndị firing nso (ihe na-erughị 25 km, ma ọ bụ radiological ofufe ojii ga-agha ya), a zuru ezu uka nke otutu-elekọta (ihe dị quintal) na a kama elu kpọmkwem. Howitzer 2S7 "pion" osobo ndị a chọrọ, Ọzọkwa, ọ bụ taa na-ewere ụwa kasị dị ike ogbunigwe usoro.

Nchikota na tapped

Akọrọ eziokwu kọrọ site na oge a na-agụ na mmepe nke onwe-propelled egbe malitere na 1967, site na opupu ihe ubi nke 1970, okwu nke akwụkwọ e mesịrị chepụtara, na site n'etiti 70s mbụ mbipụta nke ọhụrụ sample malitere na-abata na Soviet Army. Otú ọ dị, n'oge na-adịghị na akụkọ ifo, na ikpe bụ ogologo oge. Howitzer "peony" mụrụ na mgbu. The mbụ nlereanya, mere nke osisi ke eke size, ntụziaka nke USSR Defense Ministry na ndị ọkachamara nke Leningrad Atilari Academy jụrụ. Mgbe ahụ, e esemokwu n'elu caliber, n'ihi na egbe-a bu bụghị naanị n'ihi na-agbapụ spetszaryadami, ma na-emebu uka rụpụtara bọmbụ agbachitere mgbagwoju. Mgbe ọtụtụ mkparịta ụka ndị ahịa kwụsịrị na 203 millimeters x chọrọ factory nnọchiteanya "ngere" dị ka kacha size. Nhọrọ nke Chassis bụ ihe siri ike, Chassis T-10 tankị na T-64 ke dabara n'ihi a mkpari pullback. Na njedebe, otutu mmadu kwenyere e ruru. Kirov factory dị ka isi Mmepụta nke ọrụ iji chepụta a howitzer "peony" e haziri. The egbe e nyere na-osisi "barricades" (Volgograd). N'ileghachi anya n'ihu, ọ nwere ike kwuru na ma na ụlọ ọrụ nwere ịga nke ọma n'ịnagide ọrụ nke ọchịchị.

layout armored ụlọ

Okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu osise nke onwe onye na-propelled egbe taa iyi ihe dị mfe, ma ya mmepe choro itinye mgbalị dị ukwuu. Howitzer 2S7 "pion" mejupụtara abụọ isi nkeji, ndị Chassis na ozugbo implements. Housing esoro Chassis ekewa nkebi anọ. Na akara ụlọ, emi odude ke n'ihu igwe bụ ọchịagha, a ọkwọ ụgbọala na otu onye nke na ngụkọta oge nke ndị agha. Nke a na-agbaso site a ike nkewa nime ya n'ịnyịnya ike dizel propulsion. Next ogige zubere maka outdoorsy iga ndokwa nwere ihe abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ (dabere na mgbanwe) ịgbakọ òtù. E ị stowed mgbọ. Ndepụta 2S7 "pion" jide ngwá agha na efere-opener, na-anọchite anya a ụdị katapila ịwụ na haịdrọlik drive. N'oge ndị égbè nke ngwaọrụ penetrates n'ime ala 70 cm na-ewe anaghị achọ ike.

N'usoro ụlọ elu dị na nke a agha ọ bụla.

The ụlọ nwere a abụọ na-oyi akwa mgbọ ntinye akwụkwọ, na-ebelata bụrụ na nke nuclear agha na-ebibi mmetụta nke gamma radieshon ọkara.

Power unit nyere na dizel-46-1, bụ 750 lita. a. onwe-kwadoro eletriki generator a rụrụ, rotatable 24-horsepower engine, na-arụ ọrụ na solyarovoe mmanụ ụgbọala. Mechanical nnyefe, a tank (site T-72).

Seven track rollers, ha n'otu n'otu nwere haịdrọlik ujo absorbers, na-eduga a ụzọ n'ihu, track - azụ.

Mgbe imewe nke Chassis a otutu anya ugwo maintainability na commonality na ugbua pụtara na tankị nkeji.

ngwá agha

N'okpuru nduzi nke Chief Designer gị Sergeeva KB Volgograd osisi "barricades" bụ enwe ike ike a pụrụ iche agha. Ndị na-adị mba omume mepụtara monoblock imewe nke isi nzukọ ọ bụla egbe. Nke a pụtara na gbọmgbọm na breech na-mere nke otu metal mpempe monolithic. Nke a technology nwere ya uru, ma ọ na-nwere a ịrịba drawback. Gbọmgbọm nke ngwá agha si firing eyi, na nke a ga-anọchi kpamkpam na breech. Howitzer "pion", egbe nke nwere ike disassembled, siri Nlụpụta, ma ọ bụ mfe ịrụzi. Threaded akụkụ nwere ike dochie anya, ọbụna ubi. Nke a imewe e chọrọ na XIX narị afọ engineer A. Kolokoltsev na Obukhov factory, ma mgbe ahụ ghọtara na ọ nweghị ike, n'ihi na oru ihe, na ebe a bụ otu echiche nke ndị nkà Russian nchepụta hụrụ ya incarnation.

N'akụkụ nile ọzọ howitzer 203 mm "peony" - bụ ihe kasị nkịtị ngwá agha, Otú ọ dị, bụ nnọọ ike. The swinging akụkụ nwere a toothed aak maka mwube nke elu n'akuku 60 Celsius, nyere maka resetting azimuth n'akuku nke 30 deg., The Ekechila ọnụ breeki bụghị ugbu (a na-enyekwa uru dị ka a obere elu-mgbali efegharị efegharị), ọnụ ụzọ ámá push-esiri pistin. Ma ndị a nkọwa bụ nke mmasị naanị ọkachamara.

Olee na-ana

Staff nke munition ngwá agha arọ ezu, ọ nwere ike itu ruo 110 n'arọ. Ya mere, onwe-propelled howitzer 2S7 "pion" na-onwem na a n'ibu ngwaọrụ a manipulator na a ime akara. Shei nwere ike iweli si n'ala ma ọ bụ ụgbọala, na-atụ n'akuku mgbanwe dịghị mkpa na nke a. Aiming otú bụghị imebi. Na ngwa ngwa mgbe, na-emetụtakwa pụrụ iche ndina Trolley ma ọ bụ ala sample.

Of otu ihe bụ kacha ogo mbiputegharị akara usoro. Bụrụ na nke bara ma ọ bụ eletriki ọdịda mmepụta, hydraulics ma ọ bụ pneumatics ọ bụla ime ihe nwere ike mere site n'ibu ụzọ, nanị site mbịne a handle. Ọ ga-abụ iji nwayọọ, ma mbuso nsogbu ka ekwe omume.

The ụgwọ nyere na a fuuz na-emegharị na-ekwurịta okwu mbụ ike ọsọ projectile, na breech òkè tọgbọrọ ákwà akpa, echekwara na kpọmkwem igbe waterproofed. N'ihi na ndị dị otú ahụ dị ike na ngwá agha na-emetụta nanị kartuzny ụzọ odori.

Nduzi na nkwurịta okwu

203mm howitzer "peony" a na-nyere na a dị mfe ma a pụrụ ịdabere na usoro nduzi. Na ya ndabere - panoramic anya ụdị Ntuziaka Nne na Nna-1M e mere maka firing na zaa mmiri. Ọ na-eji mgbe ọ dị mkpa iji na-eduzi kpọmkwem ọkụ. N'ihi na-agbapụ na ime, ma anya ihe Gunners eji ọzọ scopes, OP4M-99A.

The mgbagwoju na-agụnye ihe ngwa anya periscopes TNPO-160 na ego nke asaa iberibe, plus abụọ yiri etinye na hatches. Observation a rụrụ n'abalị iji infrared ngwaọrụ TVNE-4B.

Communications akụrụngwa na-anọchi anya VHF redio na P-123M esịtidem ígwè okwu intercom na 1V116.

"Malka"

N'ihi na afọ iri na ise ndị agha ime ihe nke-adịghị emezi emezi e kwuru, nke nwere a howitzer "peony". Atụmatụ nke iche na izi ezi nke agha nnọọ afọ ojuju, mesịrị bụrụ a bottleneck, ụfọdụ ịkwọ ụgbọala na arụmọrụ arụmọrụ. Ke adianade do, oge nke loading na-ejikọta ya na ya na inversely ọnụego nwekwara doo nnọọ ka e chọrọ. Site 1980, ogbunigwe kwụsịrị jide na ọmụma ike onboard akụrụngwa.

Gbanwetụrụ onwe-propelled howitzer "peony" natara index "M" na koodu aha "Malka". Ọ dị iche si prototype ọzọ dị ike vsetoplivnym engine (n'ihi na ọ bụ kwesịrị ekwesị mmanụ ụgbọala, manu oku, na nwere fọrọ ihe niile udo), ọhụrụ ngwá ọkụ akara (enwe a elu ogo akpaaka), onye dị elu usoro stacking mgbọ mgbọ (ugbu a na e nwere asatọ, okpukpu abụọ nke ihe na mbụ rụrụ a howitzer "peony"). Chassis nwekwara agbanweela modernization, mụbara ọrụ ndụ nke ruo 10 thous. Km na N'ihi. ACS usoro nwere arụmọrụ nlekota na-egosi.

Ihe kacha mkpa mma nke otụk ọnụego ọkụ. Remote usoro e redesigned, na-eme loading ọnụego mụbara site 60% (24 gbaa kwa 1 sec.). The ize ndụ nke a retaliatory mbibi ngwá agha kpaliri ndị na-emepụta na-enye a ime akara version na dijitalụ ngosi nke niile Filiks nke firing nke-enye ụgbọ ala, na nke n'ókè na-ebute site ná site na redio ma ọ bụ waya nkwurịta okwu.

e ji mara

Firing na mmiri na ihe mgbaru ọsọ - isi ọgụ ozi, bụ nke e kere ịrụ a howitzer "peony". Firing nso egbe na-adabere na uka nke projectile. Ndị na-adị elu-agbawa agbawa agbawa agbawa 3VOF34 erikpu 17.8 n'arọ ọ nwere ike izipu na a anya nke 37,4 km. Active-reactive 3VOF35 ijiji n'ihu, ka 47,5 km (ọbụna ụfọdụ n'elu 55). Iji nke cassette shei okirikiri achọ 3VO15 ọgụ ojiji nke ubé karịa 30 km.

Kenkwucha nuclear spetszaryad nwere ike nye a anya nke 30 km.

The mbụ ike ọsọ nke projectile, nyere zuru kartuznym hà loading nke 960 m / s.

Howitzer "peony" nwere ike si sụgharịa so n'ime firing ala n'ihi na isii nkeji. Ngụkọta oge nke 14 ndị mmadụ, ọkara nke na-ebu ya na a ọgụ ụgbọala, fọdụrụ n'ihi ọzọ ugbo ala (BM, BMD na m. N.)

Constructively maka 2S7 "pion"-agụnye iji ihe dị iche iche nke mgbọ. Concrete-Idupu shells e mere ibibi lie na-akpan echebe ihe. Nzube nke ogbunigwe na ụyọkọ ebubo bụ ọ bụla ìgwè iro na ndị armored ugbo ala. Na ihe omume nke a zuru ụwa ọnụ agha ma ọ bụ na a kpaara agha nuklia na N'ezie nwere ike ịga spetszaryady, gụnyere chemical, nke nwekwara ike igba a howitzer "peony". TTX budata adabere na usoro nke nduzi na ojiji nke mpụga isi nweta ihe ọmụma na ọnọdụ nke lekwasịrị mbibi.

Rọketi-aka projectile mee na ihe omume nke na ọ dị mkpa na-arụ ọtụtụ ihe anya zaa na elu ziri ezi. Trajectory mgbazi bụ omume, gụnyere Album Version Space, ma ọ bụ nanị dị ka Russian Gunners.

N'ụlọ na mba ọzọ

Mgbe ida nke Soviet Union onwe-propelled howitzer "peony" bụ dị iche iche ihe na-agha nile nke a iri na abuo na mba burugodị. N'etiti ha, nke mbụ niile iwu nọchiri nke USSR - na Russian Federation, nke nwere 320 nkeji, ọtụtụ nke bụ na ichebe, Uzbekistan (48 PC.), Belarus (36), Azerbaijan na Angola (12), Poland (ebe a na asatọ nkeji 2S7 " peony ", rere ke 1989 site na Soviet Union, ama napụrụ ọrụ) na a ole na ole ọzọ na-ekwu. Ngwá ọrụ maka mpaghara esemokwu mgbe o yiri ókè ike. Nke a na-eduga ná nanị ọnọdụ nke iji. Na a ọgụ ọnọdụ ọ dịla otú anya naanị otu ikpe ebe etinyere, ọ bụ nnọọ nzukọ, howitzer "peony". Photo jide si Georgian agha onwe-propelled bipụtara na August 2008, ọ fọrọ nke nta nile nke ụwa media. Ise onwe-propelled egbe na-anapụta Ukraine, anọ n'ime ha e bibiri, onye dara n'ime ndepụta nke Russian Agha si trophies.

E nwere nanị a obere ndepụta ọnọdụ nke howitzer "peony" nwere ike-ezi ezi ga-eji. Akụkụ nke ngwá ọrụ a na-na agha na mgbe ebumnobi ọ bụ nke obere uru. Ọ kere a n'aka-alụ ọgụ maka nnyefe nke kenkwucha ngwá agha nuklia. Mgbe na-eji spetszaryadov mgbasa ikwu na anya, na-tụrụ na iri puku kwuru iri mita, ihe dị mkpa nwere abụghị. Ya mere agha ọkachamara ga-gaa na akaụntụ atụmatụ na e ji mara nwere howitzer "peony". Na Ukraine, na egbe nke ụdị mgbe Soviet ida ekpe banyere otu narị. '23 ha na-eji nwayọọ guzo n'ụlọ nkwakọba na mmanu. The esemokwu na South-East kpaliri mba ochichi ịtụ ndị reopening nke ọtụtụ nkeji na-eme ka ha na-alụ ọgụ udi. Howitzer "peony" Ọ ga-gbaa? Photos n'elu na flatcars arọ nrụnye, na ozizi, g'akwali echiche banyere nso mmeri ... Ma-enwe olileanya na tupu ha ngwa ga-abịa.