Leh Valensa: biography, ezinụlọ, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, kwuo

Leh Valensa (mụrụ 09/29/43 na Popowo, Poland) - ihe mmume onye nyeere ụdị ma duru (1980-90), na mbụ onwe ahia n'otu nke Kọmunist Polish "ịdị n'otu". The adọrọ adọrọ ndú nke ọtụtụ nde Polish ọrụ ghọrọ president (1990-95). Na 1983 ọ natara Nobel Peace Nrite.

Leh Valensa: biography

N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na-arụ Poland Walesa nna Boleslav tupu ọmụmụ Lech ọ mkpọrọ na n'ogige ọrụ mmanye , na 1945 nwụrụ nke ike ọgwụgwụ na natara a-eti eti tupu ha eruo afọ 34. Nne-ya, Felix nwere oké mmetụta nwa-ya. Ụkọchukwu na-echeta ya dị ka a "nwaanyị maara ihe na-abịa."

Walesa bụ a mediocre nwa akwụkwọ nke parish akwụkwọ, na mgbe ahụ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na obodo ọrụ aka akwụkwọ na Lipno, ebe ọ pụrụ iche ọkụ eletrik. C 1961 na 1965, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na etiti nke ọrụ nke moto ugbo ala.

N'ihi na afọ abụọ na ọ bụ onye agha, ebe ọ natara n'usoro nke kopora.

Electricians ano

Na 1967, Leh Valensa malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-na nnukwu na-ano. Lenin na Gdańsk. Na 1970 ọ hụrụ nri riots n'oge nke uwe ojii gburu ọtụtụ demonstrators. Mgbe ọhụrụ ngagharị iwe megide ndị Kọmunist na-edu ndú nke Poland malitere na 1976, ọ pụtara n'ihu dị ka ihe mgbochi-ọchịchị ahia otu mmume, dapụtara na-efu na-arụ ọrụ.

Na August 1980, mgbe Gdańsk ano e erikpuo ngagharị iwe, mere site na-ebili nri ahịa, Leh Valensa rigoro n'elu nsu ma sonyere ndị ọrụ na enterprise, onye họọrọ ya dị ka isi nke iku kọmitii, ikike kpakorita na ndị ndú nke na-ano.

Mgbe 3 ụbọchị na-achọ n'aka ndị nabatara, ma mgbe pụtara ìhè ọrụ na osisi ndị ọzọ Gdańsk Lech jụrụ ịnọgide na-iku, enye ozugbo kwetara. O duuru interplant etiwapụ, na-eweta ọnụ ụlọ ọrụ na mpaghara nke Gdańsk-Sopot-Gdynia. The Committee tinye n'ihu a nọmba nke obi ike na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị chọrọ, gụnyere ikike tie ma guzobe free ahia ịlụ, na kwusara a n'ozuzu iku. Na-atụ egwu a na-ewu ewu nnupụisi, Kọmunist ọchịchị conceded isi choro nke na-arụ ọrụ, na na August 31, ọ e banyere nkwekọrịta na-enye ha nri na-ahazi kpam kpam na onwe ha. The bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwado e gara site Mechislav Yagelsky, First Deputy Prime Minister nke Poland, na Leh Valensa. Biography nke onye ndú nke ahia otu ije agbanweela ọzọ: ya e weghachiri na Gdańsk ano na isi na National nchikota Commission.

ịdị n'otu

N'otu oge, na aziza a ịrịba nkwekọrịta banyere 10 nde Polish ọrụ na ndị ọrụ ugbo sonyeere semiautonomous ahia ịlụ, Interfactory iku kọmitii ghọọ ndị National Federation of Trade ịlụ na Walesa dị ka ya onyeisi oche na Chief nnochite anya. Ke October, "n'ubi, akpọnwụwo" ahia otu e eze ghọtara site Polish ọchịchị, edu Federation na Lech na ese okwu na ndị ọchịchị, nanị ike nke Soviet agha aka.

Leh Valensa: Nobel Nrite

Federation mmeri owụt ephemeral. Na December 1981 na Polish ọchịchị e tinyere n'okpuru iwu, "n'ubi, akpọnwụwo" na-outlawed na ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ndú ya, e jidere, gụnyere Leh Valensa, onye biography mma afọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. Awarding ya na 1983 Nobel Peace chọr'inwe e katọrọ site na Polish ọchịchị. Na-atụ egwu na-achọghị biri n'ala ọzọ, ọ nọgidere na Poland, na nwunye ya, Danuta Walesa, je-Oslo, Norway, na-anabata award ya n'aha.

ntuli aka mmeri

Dị ka onye ndú nke ala ije "ịdị n'otu", Walesa e doro ihe e mgbe nile na iyi egwu rue n'oge mgbe ọzọ na-arịa ọrịa na ọnọdụ akụ na ụba, na a ọhụrụ efegharị efegharị nke oru ọgba aghara na 1988 na-amanye ndị Polish ọchịchị bụghị kpakorita na ya na ndị ọzọ na otu isi. Ha pụta bụ nkwekọrịta, nke a na-ama afiak ada iwu ọnọdụ nke "ịdị n'otu" na kwadoro ka free ntuli aka maka a ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ebe ahụ e weghachiri eweghachi elu ulo nzuko omeiwu. Na June 1989, ije natara ọgụgụ ka ukwuu n'ebe ndị a, na mgbe Walesa jụrụ a amaghị na-etolite a mmekota ọchịchị Kọmunist, nzuko omeiwu a manyere mma cabinet nke Ozi n'okpuru idu ndú nke "ịdị n'otu", ọ bụ ezie na ọ jụrụ ịbụ ya onye ndú, Prime Minister.

Isi nke ala

Na 1989, Walesa nyeere ya n'otu otu Tadeusz Mazowiecki ibu Premiya nke ọchịchị a, ma mara ọkwa ya candidacy megide ya maka president na 1990 ma merie mbụ president ntuli aka na Poland site na ihe karịrị ọtụtụ.

Dị ka Polish President Walesa aka jide free Omeiwu ntuli aka na 1991 na wee akụkụ ke mgbanwe nke akụ na ụba mba ahụ free ahịa. O gosiri dị ịrịba ama na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nkà dị ka onye ndú nke "ịdị n'otu", ma ya mfe ajụjụ, olu style na ịjụ ebelata oké ihe mgbochi na-ete ime nwere ọtụtụ ndị ghara ikwe ya ewu ewu na njedebe nke n'umu na ụlọ ọrụ. Na 1995, o keere òkè ná ntụli aka, ma e meriri site mbụ Kọmunist Aleksandra Kvasnevskogo, isi nke Democratic Left Alliance. Ọzọkwa Walesa efehe maka president na 2000, ma naanị a nta nke ndị votes. Na 1997 na ọ tọrọ ntọala na-aga a na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọzọ "Christian Democracy III Republic of Poland."

Ndọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị

Dị ka a n'ihi nke mmeri nke 2000 Walesa mara ọkwa ya ezumike nká site na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Mgbe e mesịrị, o jiri ka ukwuu n'oge ya na-arụ ọrụ na ulo akwukwo n'aha onwe ya, nke na ọ tọrọ ntọala na 1995 ruo agbasakwa ozi na rụzuru nke "ịdị n'otu", na-akwalite mmepe nke ochichi onye kwuo uche na ụlọ nke obodo ọha na Poland na ụwa.

Na August 2006, Walesa ka a mara ọkwa ya ezumike nká si onwe ha ahia otu na mkpesa na ya nkwado maka achị party "na Right na ikpe ziri ezi» (PiS), nakwa dị ka Lech na Yaroslava Kachinskih, ejima ụmụnna, bụ ndị otu ugboro ẹkenịmde a ma ama ebe ke "ịdị n'otu "na ghọrọ president na praịm minista, karị. Dị ka ya, nzukọ ka ibu a ọbìa ya, ọ bụ ndị ọzọ epoch, nsogbu agbanweela na ndị mmadụ. Karịsịa, ọ na-emegide mwepụ Kaczynski ndị mmadụ metụtara na mbụ ọchịchị Kọmunist na-agbali na-ebipụta anatara nke ọrụ PiS-oge uwe ojii nzuzo, Poland.

Ebe ọ bụ na 2004, ọ na-arụ ọrụ Gdańsk ọdụ Lech Wałęsa. N'ámá na n'okporo ámá aha ya bụ na nsọpụrụ nke mbụ ndú nke "ịdị n'otu", na-emi odude ke United States, Canada na France. Na 2009 ọ bụ a ncheta na uzo warawara nke Polish Nobel Nrite mmeri.

Na 1981, "Time", ọ ghọrọ onye mbụ osisi na-ọdịda na aha "Man nke Year" magazine. Site Queen Elizabeth II aka Leh Valensa e ọdịda aha Asọpụrụ Member nke Order nke Bath. Ọzọkwa ọdịda ọtụtụ iwu na-Ọla nke mba ọzọ, na Vol. H. Presidential Nrite nke United States Freedom, na French Legion nke Honor, na Order of "Enen nke Italian Republic", ndị Swedish Order nke Seraphim, na Danish Order nke Elephant, na Finnish Order nke White Rose, na Portuguese Order of Liberty na na infante Dona Enrike, ndị Norwegian Order of St. Olav, Ukrainian Order of Prince Yaroslava Mudrogo, ndị Czech Order nke White ọdụm, na Order "N'ihi Enen nke Federal Republic of Germany", Chile Order of Enen, na Estonian op ene Cross Mary Land, UNESCO nrite na ndị ọzọ.

Personal ndụ

November 8, 1969 Leh Valensa ndọ Danuta Golos. Di na nwunye nwere 8 ụmụ: Bogdan (1970), Slawomir (1972), Przemyslaw (1974), Jaroslav (1976), Magdalena (1979), Anna (1980), Maria-Victoria (1982) na Brigid (1985). Yaroslav Valensa ghọkwara a ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma bụ onye òtù nke nzuko omeiwu na 2005-2009, na na 2009 a họpụtara na European nzuko omeiwu.

Ke 2008, Lech Walesa e mere akwara akwara stenting na pacemaker arụnyere.

gị n'ụlọnga Bolek

Ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ, bụbu president nke Poland, ebubo na eziokwu na na 1970 na ọ bụ informant maka Kọmunist nzuzo ọrụ, n'agbanyeghị na ya categorical mkpesa na mkpebi nke pụrụ iche ikpe ke 2000, na-ewepụ ndị e boro ebubo na mmekota. Otú ọ dị, mama gburugburu ndị a boro bilie ọzọ na 2008. Mgbe ahụ akwụkwọ e bipụtara, dike na-egwuri Leh Valensa. Biography otu onye ndú a gbakwunyere site eziokwu nke na-egosi na site 1970 na 1976, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na ịkpa nche ọrụ n'okpuru codename Bolek. The nke na a kpọlitere ọzọ na February 2016, mgbe Institute of National Ncheta, e mere iji na-enyocha Nazi na Communist oge Poland, hapụ di ya nwụrụ nke mbụ Minister esịtidem Affairs nke ihe, dị ka nke Walesa bụ onye mgbaàmà nke nche ọrụ. Tinyere ihe ndị ọzọ, ọ na-e chọpụtara na-arụkọ ọrụ na Security Council, mere aka ya a nnata maka ego, onwe omume na akụkọ na imekọ ihe ọnụ na nzuzo gị n'ụlọnga Bolek. Leh Valensa onwe ya jụrụ gbasara nke puru omume na izi ezi nke akwụkwọ na-atụ aro na e nwere a na-apụta na ndekọ bukọọrọ si ya n'oge search.