MLRS BM-30 "Twister": àgwà, photos

Kemgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, na uru nke reactive ngwa agha usoro naanị enwekwu. Otú ọ dị, taa, ha na-anọchi reactive volley-ọku usoro (MLRS), ma na nke a pụtara ụdị ngwá agha bụ agbanweghi agbanwe, "ọgụ" onye iro nwere ebe, na-ahapụ na-enweghị ohere ịlụ eji bụghị bipu, ma ọ bụ ọbụna dị arọ ngwá. Na BM-30 "Twister" ndị a aga-eme nwere ike ijikwa ọma.

isi ozi

E n'ihi na ogologo lesion ìgwè nke onye iro zaa. Adabara zaa nke usoro ihe a na-ya ndò na ya ndò bi ike nke onye iro, armored na adụ-gbara akpụkpọ ugbo ala (gụnyere ndị kasị oké iche iche nke tankị), airfields, agha na ndi nkiti na, silos agha usoro. Ọ ga-eji na ezubere iche maka mbibi nke ulo oru akụrụngwa, na-ebibi iwu ebe a na ndị ọzọ dị mkpa nkwurịta okwu emmepe.

imewe

Na oge site na 1969 ka 1976 na Tula kemgbe kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na-arụ ọrụ na-achọta ụzọ ọhụrụ ịzụlite multiple igba egbe rọketi usoro, nke ga-abụ na ihe banyere nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ agha nwere ike na-eji dị ka a pụrụ iche ike idobere ngwá agha. A iwu iwu nke mmalite nke ihe e kere eke nke BM-30 "Smerch", wee si na December 1976.

Isi ọrụ na mmepe nke dina mbu na A. N. Ganicheve, ndien ekem ọwọrọ aka G. A. Denezhkinu. Ugbua na n'oge 1982, a ọhụrụ MRL ọma gafere niile nkebi nke ala ule. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-etinye n'ime ọrụ naanị na 1987, mgbe mkpochapu otu nke na-emepụta nke ụfọdụ isi flaws. Ma ha na-adịghị metụtara ụfọdụ adabaghị na flaws ke imewe nke ọhụrụ ụdị ngwá agha, na mkpa ike ọhụrụ ụdị mgbọ, dị ka ẹdude swatches enweghị ike dakọtara na "tonado" ụba ọgụ ike.

The reactive usoro nke ọgbọ ọhụrụ

Ọrụ e mere na nke a bụ otú nnukwu na BM-30 "Twister" nwere ike kwuru na a ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ụdị ngwá agha. Nke a bụ nnọọ n'ihi na e kere eke nke kpamkpam ọhụrụ ụdị mgbọ. N'ebe a, anyị ga-eme ka a nta nkpu anya. Mgbe ndị America kere MLRS MLRS, ha bịara unequivocal ọgwụgwụ nke na nso nke 30-40 km maka ndị a na usoro bụ kacha n'ofè nke monstrous ịdị ukwuu nke dispersion na-eme ka ha na-eme enweghị isi.

Ma mmepe "naa" dị otú ahụ na-abịaru nso na-adịghị fundamentally na-ekwekọrịtaghị. Ha na-enwe ike ike a pụrụ nnọọ iche shells: bụghị nanị na ha ofufe aka ịgba anya, ma n'otu oge dị iche otú obere dissipation udu na dị mma karịa yiri mba ọzọ na usoro nwere abụọ ma ọ bụ ugboro atọ. N'ikpeazụ, isi nweta nke Tula bụ eziokwu na anyị mbụ shells malitere ayak idem ọnọ egbe ala ogbunigwe ukpụhọde mgbe igba egbe.

atụmatụ shells

The eziokwu na a pụrụ iche inertial usoro nduzi e webata ha imewe. Ọ na-enye elu-edu stabilization na ihe mbụ ahụ nke trajectory, nakwa dị ka ịmegharị na roketi ngagharị. Agaghi asu egosi gbakọọ na ndabere nke iri puku kwuru iri nke ihe, gụnyere "outboard" okpomọkụ, ifufe na-agba na ntụziaka nke ije, iru mmiri, na na. D.

MLRS Tammy ma ọ bụ

Ọ bụ mba na nzuzo na n'oge innings N. S. Hruscheva, bụ onye tara ahụhụ "raketomaniey" wee n'okpuru mma ọtụtụ ekwe samples of howitzers na ndị ọzọ ụdị egbe ala ogbunigwe, nke ruo ọtụtụ afọ slowed mmepe nke ọrụ a na mba anyị. Na na dị otú ahụ, "push" ihe e kere eke nke ya BM-30 "Smerch", mmepe nke Tula nwere dina na ọ dị otú ahụ e ji mara na ga-ekwe ka o doo agadi management nke usoro pụrụ iche. Naanị na nke a ọ ga-enwe ohere-anabata n'ime ọrụ.

Ma, gịnị mere na anyị na-emetụ na nke a nke Khrushchev àgwà, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ hapụrụ ike na 1964? Eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọrụ na ihe e kere eke nke fundamentally ọhụrụ usoro volley ọkụ wee ebe ebe ọ bụ na mbubreyo '50s, ma na-eme ya, fọrọ nke nta na-enweghị etinye ụzọ na-ewu ewu. Otú ọ dị, na 1964, Khrushchev ekpe, na L. I. Brezhnev e kere eke nke nkà na ụzụ ọhụrụ na-egbochi. Ma nmepe nyere mmetụta nke siworo nnọọ mma.

MRL BM-30 "Twister" nwere a nso na "knockdown", bụ nke dị ebe n'etiti n'etiti classic reactive salvo systems na agha na usoro. N'ezie, n'ihi na oge mbụ na ọgụ ọrụ "Smerch" kpuchie mmehie bụ na agha unit na-egosi nkwanye ùgwù maka ha ọbịa agadi agha isi nke USSR.

Ugbu ọnọdụ

The ọhụrụ kwalite version nke MLRS BM-30 "Twister" E bipụtara ya na 1989. Taa a Usoro a na-etinye n'ime ọrụ, ọ bụghị naanị na mba anyị. Ndị a ụdị ndị si Ukraine, Belarus, Kuwait na UAE. Kemgbe ụwa, ndị nwere mmasị na ụgbọ ala ugboro ugboro gosiri ndị nnọchiteanya nke India na China, ma ọ dịghị ukara data na ire ngwá ma ọ bụ teknụzụ maka ya oruru dịghị. Otú ọ dị, adịghị ewepu eziokwu na oge a na samples MRL China, nnọọ reminiscent nke "Smerch", fọrọ nke nta N'ezie wuru na n'onyinyo nakwa oyiyi nke ndị igwe na Chinese na 90th intensively zụtara si na otu Ukrainians.

The usoro

Ọtụtụ ndị na-n'ụzọ ụfọdụ kwere na a akụkụ nke multiple rọketi launchers BM-30 "Smerch" na-nanị maka ụgbọala na containers maka launching projectiles, bụ nke na-egosi na ndị ukara ozi na foto. Ma ọ bụghị otú ahụ:

• The onwunwe onwe ya na-alụ ọgụ igwe 9K58.
• Machine maka iburu na kpọbata 9T234-2 shells.
• Agba nke mgbọ, nke nwere ike ịdị iche na nke dabere na ọrụ.
• Anya na ngwá ọrụ maka ọzụzụ.
• 9F819 kit, nke na-agụnye ma pụrụ iche ngwaọrụ maka idozi, na-esi kpatụ elu-nkenke akụrụngwa.
• akpaghị aka ọkụ akara usoro "Wụnyenụ-1."
• Machine ka e si topographic teren, na ihe nke na-eji na-eke agbụ enyemaka akụkụ na karịsịa magburu onwe enyemaka.
• Radiopelengatsionnaya echichi 1B44. Ọ na-ekwe oge chọpụta kpọmkwem ihe bụ onye iro tupu, gwara ekenịmde redio, tinyere ezoro ezo.

N'oké obubata mejupụtara a Chassis na a tubular udi na-eduzi ụgbọala teren MAZ-543. Ogbunigwe usoro a na n'ịnyịnya na n'azụ na n'ihu ụlọ na-emi odude na-akwọ na-akwọ ụgbọ oche, onwem, ihe ndị ọzọ, pụtara n'ihi na aiming na-agba. MRL nwere ike n'ụzọ gara nke ọma-eji na a dịgasị iche iche nke ihu igwe na ọnọdụ ihu igwe, na ihere okpomọkụ si +50 ka -50 degrees Celsius.

Alụ ọgụ e ji mara nke usoro

Bụ BM-30 "tonado" firing nso mgbe eji ya? Ihe niile bụ ihe ikwu, na ịtụnanya atụmatụ nke usoro - karịsịa. Ya mere, ọ bụrụ na kpara "Grad" nwere ike ekpuchi ebe 4 hectare na a anya nke 20 km, "Hurricane" na-egbu na a anya nke 35 km ebe nke 29 hectare, ndị American MLRS asakde na 33 hectare na 33 km anya ... Nke BM-30 " Smerch ", arụmọrụ e ji mara nke bụ mma, nwere ike ikpuchi dị nnọọ 67 hectare, na igba egbe nso nke aka 70 kilomita!

Ọ na-akọ na ndị ọhụrụ upgrades nwere ike isi mụbaa a anya ruo otu narị kilomita. Ke adianade do, dị iche na oge gboo "Grad" akụ ụta nke usoro ihe a nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị na gbanyụọ iro armored ugbo ala, pụtara na ịta bruises ya ndi oru ugbo. Ha nanị agbaji ọbụna arọ tankị na nso kọntaktị n'ihi na nnukwu ike ibibi. Ya mere, na multiple rọketi launchers BM-30 "Twister" - eyi egwu na ngwá agha nke nnukwu ike ibibi.

Njirimara eji shells

Na mbụ n'anya etiwapụ na isi nke ha caliber - nnọọ 300 mm! Okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu - ọkọlọtọ aerodynamic, siri ike mmanụ ụgbọala boosters, ọ na-agba na a ngwakọta nke ọtụtụ mmiri. Dị ka anyị kwuru, ha iche mma bụ ọnụnọ nke a ụgbọ elu akara usoro na-eji na pitch na "Kozlenev" na N'ezie. Nke a ọhụrụ mma na ihe ziri ezi nke égbè dịkarịa ala ugboro abụọ na n'ebe kasị anya, na ịdị ukwuu nke dispersion ọbụna ihe ndị kasị njọ na ọnọdụ adịghị gafere uru nke 0,21% nke firing nso.

Nanị tinye, ọbụna mgbe na-agba na a anya nke 70 km, na shells ada na a ndiiche nke ọ bụla karịrị 150 mita efep bipụta nzube. A na ọnụ ọgụgụ nwekọrọ BM 30 9K58 "Smerch" oge a barreled ogbunigwe usoro!

Mgbazi nke ụgbọ elu N'ezie

Mgbazi a rụrụ site na gas-ike amara actuated elu nsogbu gas si onboard gas generator. Ke adianade do, stabilization nke projectile na ụgbọ elu na bụ ruru ya adiana banyere longitudinal axis nyere elebara nkwalite n'oge ije nke tubular ndu na-akwado na ụgbọ elu na site na wụnye dobe stabilizer pupụtara na n'akuku ka longitudinal axis nke projectile.

Mejupụtara ọkọlọtọ mgbọ

Ndị na-esonụ ụdị nke shells nwere ike esịne ke mejupụtara nke mgbọ:

• 9M55F, ndị kasị maara ụdị. Warhead - kemwepu mmanya na a elu-agbawa agbawa ụdị ihe.
• 9M55K. Ihe e ji mara cassette warhead, bụ nke nwere fission ngwaahịa 72 ọkụkụ so.
• 9M55K1. Ọzọkwa ya nwere a cassette warhead, ma na nke a na ọ nwere ise nta shells na onwe-ezubere iche.
• 9M55K4. Kaseti warhead nwere anọ mgbochi tank mines, zubere maka ime Ngwuputa ebe.
• 9M55K5. a cassette na a ekara-ndebe warhead fragmentation submunitions;
• 9M55S na a thermobaric warhead;
• 9M528 na O-fragmentation warhead.

firing

Ị nwere ike igba otu gbaa ma ọ bụ achịkwaghị achịkwa. All shells nwere ike nyere 38 sekọnd. Ma ọ bụ launching nwere ike na-achịkwa site na kokpiiti ma ọ bụ site na ime. Banyere ike nke ọnọdụ kwuru na ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ eziokwu na atọ dị otú ahụ nkeji maka ọgụ irè bụghị usụhọde abụọ agba "Tochka-U". Otu onye ozi salvo nke agba na ụyọkọ warheads ike ekpuchi oge ruo 400 000 sq. M. Na nkenke, BM-30 "Smerch", nke nwere a foto ke ibuotikọ - bụ n'ezie dị ike na ngwá agha, na-ekwe omume nke na nke na-akpali ezi obi ùgwù.

Ngụkọta nke ịdị arọ nke ọ bụla projectile, n'agbanyeghị ya ụdị, bụ 800 n'arọ, na nnọọ warhead nwere 280 n'arọ. Standard n'akuku nke obibia nke lekwasịrị - si 30 na 60 degrees, ma ụfọdụ ụdị projectiles nwere ike ịtọ ka a amaba n'akuku nke 90 degrees. Dị otú ahụ "meteorites" Leaky arọ agha site.

Ọ bụrụgodị na penetration abụghị otu ihe gbawara nke 280 n'arọ nke explosives na gburugburu nke tank - ụfọdụ ọnwụ site na oké contusion ya na ndi oru ugbo, na ụgbọ ala ga-enweta dị emebi enweghị di ike ọbụna a ebe adịghị akpali. N'ihi na nke a, PM-30 "Twister" ma ọ bụ MRL "tonado" (oge a oyiri) nwere ike mee ka a n'aka ịkwụsị tank ogidi na-eme njem. Ihe yiri ya mere na Georgia ke 2008, mgbe "Grad" kpuchie a ìgwè nke Georgian tankị inwere site na ọnọdụ anyị agha.

Maka ozi gbasara upgrading

Dị ka anyị kwuru, modernization nke usoro e rụrụ na 1989. Na N'ezie nke ya ya dochie nta niile electronic na redio igodo "ejuputa" dum mgbagwoju:

• Kwukwara na-ekwe omume nke elu-ọsọ kenkwucha data mgbanwe isi ụlọ ọrụ na ndị ọzọ na nkewa "Smerch", ndị ozi a na-ezoro ezo na nditịm echebe site n'èzí nnyonye anya.
• Autonomous usoro kegide topographical e ji mara ebe ma na-egosipụta ozi na electronic ngosipụta na ezigbo oge.
• Automatic ngụkọta oge nke ndị ụgbọ elu na ọrụ ma na ya ọsọ ọsọ.
• Ike zuru ezu kwadebe echichi maka égbè, gụnyere nkenye ọnọdụ na aiming, na-enweghị wepuÚ si ulo pesonel.

N'ihi na-adịbeghị anya innovations BM-30 "Smerch", ndị e ji mara nke bụ nke anyị tụlere, aghọwo ihe kwurula na egwu usoro. Site ugbu a, na Gunners nwere ike inye salvo ozugbo ịdọrọ ha mbụ na ọnọdụ, nke budata ebelata puru nke nchọpụta na mkpochapu iro nrụnye.