"Pinocchio," "The Hurricane," "Twister," "Typhoon": a usoro salvo. Description na e ji mara

N'ihi na aka iso clashes n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke ụwa TV meziri mgbe niile ohuru akụkọ nke a akpan akpan hotspot. Na nnọọ na-nụrụ-enye nsogbu n'obi na-akọ nke ọgụ, n'oge nke ifịk ifịk-agụnye dị iche multiple igba egbe rọketi usoro (MLRS). A nwoke ọ dịghị ụzọ mmekọ na ndị agha ma ọ bụ agha, ọ bụ ike ịnyagharịa na a dịgasị iche iche nke iche iche nke ngwá agha, otú n'isiokwu a anyị na-akọwa n'ụzọ zuru ezu na onye nkịtị ke efak banyere ígwè ọrụ nke ọnwụ, dị ka:

• Arọ ognemotnaya usoro na isi nke tank (CBT) - multiple igba egbe rọketi usoro "Pinocchio" (adịkarịghị eji, ma ukwuu irè ngwá agha).
• Multiple igba egbe rọketi usoro (MLRS) "Grad" - ọtụtụ-eji ngwá agha ọgwụrụ.
• Ime nke ugbua ma melite "nwanna nwaanyị" MLRS "Grad" - reactive volley-ọku usoro (MLRS) "tonado-G" (nke media na ndị nkịtị ụmụ amaala na-emekarị kwuru na dị ka "Typhoon" maka ojiji na a ọgụ ụgbọala Chassis nke ụgbọala, "Typhoon").
• Multiple igba egbe rọketi usoro (MLRS) "Hurricane" - a ngwá agha dị ike na a nnukwu okirikiri nke ihe, na-eji nke ọkụkụ ọ fọrọ nke nta ọ bụla nzube.
• Nke nwere dịghị analogues na ụwa, pụrụ iche, na-eme na nrube na ide maka ngụkọta ebibi multiple igba egbe rọketi usoro (MLRS) "Twister."

"Pinocchio" si ọjọ akụkọ ifo

Ke dịtụ anya 1971, na USSR, ndị injinia nke "Design Bureau of Transport Machinery", emi odude ke Omsk, ọkọnọ ọzọ masterpiece nke agha ike. Ọ bụ a siri ike ognemotnaya usoro volley ọku "Pinocchio" (TOSZO). Ihe e kere eke na ụdi mma nke a dị mgbagwoju ognemotnogo nọ nkewa dị ka "top nzuzo". Development were 9 afọ, na na 1980 na ọgụ usoro, nke bụ ụdị tandem T-72 tankị na obubata na 24 ọgba ọsọ, e mesịrị mma na-anapụta ndị agha nke Soviet Army.

"Pinocchio": ngwa

TOSZO "Pinocchio" na-eji maka oku ogbugba na bukwanu mmebi:

• iro ngwá (ma e wezụga armored);
• elu ụlọ na ndị ọzọ na-ewu oru;
• dị iche iche na-echebe owuwu;
• manpower.

MRL (TOC) "Pinocchio": nkọwa

Dị ka ọtụtụ egbe rọketi usoro "Grad" na "Uragan" TOSZO "Pinocchio" mbụ eji na Afghanistan na nke abụọ Chechen agha. Dị ka data nke 2014, ndị dị otú ahụ agha igwe nwere agha Russia, Iraq, Kazakhstan na Azerbaijan.

multiple igba egbe rọketi usoro, "Pinocchio" nwere àgwà:

• Ibu CBT na a na nso nke ọgụ bụ banyere 46 tọn.
• Na ogologo nke "Pinocchio" - 6,86 m, obosara - 3,46 m, elu - 2.6 mita.
• caliber shells bụ 220 mm (22 cm).
• Eji maka firing Tammy na-achịkwaghị achịkwa, nke ike-achịkwa mgbe ha na-agbala.
• Ọtụtụ égbè anya - 13,6 kilomita.
• The kacha ebe nke mmerụ mgbe na-eme a volley - 4 hectare.
• The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ebubo na okporo ígwè - 24 iberibe.
• Sighting volley rụrụ si tagzi via a pụrụ iche ọkụ akara usoro na-agụnye laser nso Finder na n'anya, mpịakọta ihe mmetụta, na ballistic kọmputa.
• Shells mezue ROSZO ama okodu bursts rụrụ site iga na odori (TRV) igwe 9T234-2 nlereanya na kreenu na Loader ngwaọrụ.
• Gbaa "Pinocchio" 3 ndị mmadụ.

Dị ka a pụrụ hụrụ si e ji mara, naanị otu volley nke "Pinocchio" bụ ike tọghata 4 hectare na a na-enwusi inferno. Nnukwu ike, ọ bụghị ya?

Ọdịda n'ụdị "Castle"

Na 1960, ndị nanị nke USSR n'ihi na mmepụta nke multiple rọketi launchers na ndị ọzọ na ngwá agha ọgwụrụ NGO "Alloy" ulo oru ọzọ nzuzo oru ngo, ma malite ịzụlite a kpam kpam ọhụrụ n'oge ahụ n'okpuru aha nke MLRS "Grad". Degharịa were 3 afọ, na Soviet Army banyere MRL na 1963, ma na-adịghị akwụsị rụọ ọrụ na ya, ọ nọgidere na-ruo 1988.

"Grad": ngwa

Ka MLRS "Hurricane" multiple rọketi launchers "Grad" gosiri na ọgụ otú ahụ ihe ọma na-arụpụta na, n'agbanyeghị ya "nká", nọgidere na-abụ n'ọtụtụ ebe taa. "Castle" na-eji maka ngwa nke a nnọọ nnukwu mmetụta na:

• ogbunigwe batrị;
• ọ bụla na ngwá agha, gụnyere armored;
• manpower;
• iwu posts;
• ngwá agha na ụlọ ọrụ;
• Anti-ụgbọelu na usoro.

Na mgbakwunye na njikere agha nke Russian Federation, usoro reactive volley ọku "Grad" nwere ozi nke fọrọ nke nta na mba niile nke ụwa, gụnyere fọrọ nke nta niile kọntinent nke ụwa. The kasị ukwuu ọtụtụ ọgụ ugbo ala nke ụdị na US, Hungary, Sudan, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Vietnam, Bulgaria, Germany, Egypt, India, Kazakhstan, Iran, Cuba, Yemen. Volley-ọku systems Ukraine nwekwara 90 nkeji nke "Castle".

MLRS "Grad": nkọwa

Multiple igba egbe rọketi usoro "Grad" nwere ndị na-esonụ e ji mara:

• Ngụkọta arọ nke MLRS "Grad", njikere maka ibu agha na ukompletovannoy niile projectiles - 13.7 tọn.
• Ogologo MRL - 7,35 mita, obosara - 2.4 mita, idi-elu - 3,09 m.
• caliber shells bụ 122 millimeters (ubé karịa 12 cm).
• Eji maka firing Tammy isi caliber nke 122 mm, nakwa dị ka shrapnel ọgbụgba ọkụ na-agbawa agbawa projectiles, chemical, incendiary na anwụrụ ọkụ warhead.
• Firing nso MLRS "Grad" - si 4 42 kilomita.
• The kacha ebe nke mmerụ mgbe na-eme a volley - 14.5 hectare.
• The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ebubo na okporo ígwè - 40 iberibe.
• Otu salvo ewe naanị 20 sekọnd.
• Full ụgwọ nyefe MRL "Grad" dịruru dị 7 nkeji.
• A reactive usoro bụ na gbapụ ọnọdụ site ọ dịghị ihe karịrị 3.5 nkeji.
• Recharging na MRL bụ nanị kwe omume na ojiji nke iga-odori ígwè ọrụ.
• The anya na-ghọtara site egbe Gburugburu.
• Gbaa "Castle" 3 ndị mmadụ.

"Grad" - a usoro nke multiple rọketi launchers, àgwà nke nke nke anyị na oge na-kasị elu akara na ndị agha. N'ihi na ihe niile oge nke ya adị ya mee na Afghan agha, na Esemokwu dị n'etiti Azerbaijan na Nagorno-Karabakh, na abụọ Chechen agha, n'oge agha na Libya, South Osisha na Syria, nakwa dị ka na-alụ agha obodo na Donbass (Ukraine), malitere na 2014 afọ.

Warning! Na-eru nso "tonado"

"Tonado-G" (dị ka e kwuru n'elu, na MRL na-akpọ mgbe ụfọdụ erroneously "Typhoon", n'ihi ya maka mma, ebe a bụ abụọ aha) - usoro volley ọku, nke bụ a modernized version nke MLRS "Grad". Na e kere eke nke a dị ike ngwakọ arụ ọrụ imewe engineer osisi "Fusion". "Development malitere na 1990 na e kere afọ asatọ. N'ihi na oge mbụ na o na ike nke reactive usoro gosiri na 1998 na ọzụzụ n'ala nso Orenburg, mgbe nke e kpebiri ka n'ihu melite MRL. iji na-ikpeazụ N'ihi ya, mmepe na mma "tonado-G" ( "Typhoon") n'elu ọzọ 5 afọ. volley-ọku usoro e kwuwo na ogwe aka nke Russian Federation na 2013. n'ebe a na oge, a agha m The ụgbọ ala bụ naanị na ọrụ na Russian "tonado-G" ( "Typhoon") -. Usoro salvo, nke bụ ihe pụrụ iche n'ebe ọ bụla.

"Tonado": ngwa

MLRS na-eji na-agha iji kwụsị dị otú ahụ na nzube dị ka:

• ogbunigwe;
• nile di iche iche nke ngwá ọrụ nke onye-iro;
• ngwá agha na ụlọ ọrụ;
• antiaircraft okụre.

MLRS "tonado-G" ( "Typhoon"): Description

"Tonado-G" ( "Typhoon") - a usoro nke multiple rọketi launchers, nke ruru ka ike ike nke mgbọ, ọzọ ogologo nso na-ewu na-satellite usoro nduzi akarịala ya na-akpọ "nwaanyị tọrọ" - MLRS "Grad" - 3 ugboro.

atụmatụ:

• Ibu MRL zuru set bụ 15.1 tọn.
• Ogologo "tonado-T" - 7,35 mita, obosara - 2.4 mita, idi-elu - 3 mita.
• caliber shells bụ 122 millimeters (12.2 cm).
• MLRS "tonado-G" bụ eluigwe na ala na, ewepu na isi shells MLRS "Grad", i nwere ike iji a ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke mgbọ na kemwepu ọgụ cumulative ọcha, jupụta na-etiwapụ ụyọkọ ọcha, nakwa dị ka elu-agbawa agbawa shells.
• Nso odida obodo gbara n'okpuru mma ọnọdụ bụ 100 kilomita.
• The kacha ebe e bibiri mgbe na-eme otu volley - 14.5 hectare.
• The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ebubo na okporo ígwè - 40 iberibe.
• The anya na-rụrụ site n'aka ọtụtụ haịdrọlik actuators.
• Otu salvo rụrụ maka 20 sekọnd.
• Ọnwụ ígwè bụ njikere ịrụ ọrụ n'ihi na 6 nkeji.
• Firing a rụrụ site na ime unit (du) na n'ụzọ zuru ezu akpaghị aka ọkụ akara usoro na-chọpụtara na kokpiiti.
• Na ndi oru ugbo - 2 ndị mmadụ.

Dị obi ọjọọ "Hurricane"

Dị ka o mere na ọtụtụ ndị MRL, akụkọ "Hurricane" malitere na Soviet Union, na ndị ọzọ kpọmkwem, na 1957. "Fathers" MLRS "Hurricane" ndị Ganichev Alexander Nikitivich na Kalachnikov Yuri Nikolaevich. Ọzọkwa, ndị mbụ e mere usoro onwe ya, na nke abụọ mepụtara a ọgụ igwe.

"Ajọ Ifufe": ngwa

MLRS "Hurricane" e mere na-agbaji ndị dị otú ahụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ dị ka:

• ogbunigwe batrị;
• ọ bụla onye iro ngwá, tinyere armored;
• bi ike;
• nile di iche iche nke ewu na saịtị;
• -emegide ugbo elu agha na usoro;
• kenkwucha agba.

MLRS "Hurricane": nkọwa

N'ihi na oge mbụ, "Hurricane" e ji mee ihe Afghan agha. Ọ bụ kwuru na Mujahideen ka a gwụrụ egwu na MRL na ọbụna nyere ya egwu aha otutu - "Shaitan-pipe".

Ke adianade do, multiple igba egbe rọketi usoro, "Hurricane", ndị e ji mara nke ime ka ndị agha na-akwanyere, gara clashes na South Africa. Nke ahụ bụ ihe ndị agha spodviglo Afrika mee ndị na na MLRS.

N'oge a MRL bụ na ọrụ ahụ ná mba ndị dị ka: Russia, Ukraine, Afghanistan, Czech Republic, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Belarus, Poland, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Yemen, Kyrgyzstan, Guinea, Syria, Tajikistan, Eritrea, Slovakia.

multiple rọketi launchers "Hurricane" nwere àgwà:

• MRL arọ n'ụzọ zuru ezu loaded na njikere - 20 tọn.
• Na ogologo nke "Hurricane" - 9,63 m, obosara - 2.8 mita, elu - 3.225 mita.
• caliber shells bụ 220 mm (22 cm). Ị nwere ike iji shells na a monolithic elu-agbawa agbawa warhead, na elu-agbawa agbawa mmiri, na-emegide tank na mgbochi pesonel mines.
• Firing nso nke 8-35 kilomita.
• The kacha lesion ebe mgbe na-eme a volley - 29 hectare.
• The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ebubo na okporo ígwè - 16 iberibe n'ihi onwe gị nduzi na-enwe ike bugharia 240 degrees.
• Otu salvo mere 30 sekọnd.
• Full recharging MLRS "Hurricane" dịruru banyere 15 nkeji.
• Ọgụ igwe na-aga n'ime firing ọnọdụ dị nnọọ 3 nkeji.
• Recharging na MRL bụ nanị kwe omume mgbe mmekọrịta na TK-igwe.
• Agbapụ a na-eme ma ọ bụghị site na iji a obere ime akara ma ọ bụ kpọmkwem site kokpiiti.
• The ndi oru ugbo nke 6 ndị mmadụ.

Nakwa dị ka multiple rọketi launchers "Smerch", "Hurricane" na-arụ ọrụ ọ bụla agha na gburugburu ebe obibi, nakwa dị ka na ihe banyere mgbe iro-eji nuclear, bacteriological ma ọ bụ chemical ngwá agha. Ke adianade do, mgbagwoju bụ ike na-arụ ọrụ n'oge ọ bụla, irrespective nke oge na okpomọkụ fluctuations. "Ajọ Ifufe" ike n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị na-ekere òkè na ọgụ ma na oyi na-atụ (-40 ° C), na mgbe na-agwụ ike okpomọkụ nke (+ 50 ° C). Ebe MLRS "Hurricane" nwere ike napụta site n'oké osimiri, ikuku ma ọ bụ okporo ígwè.

Igbu "Smerch"

multiple rọketi launchers "Smerch", ndị e ji mara nke karịrị nile dị na MRL na ụwa, e guzobere na 1986 ma na-etinye n'ime ọrụ ndị agha na USSR na 1989. A dị ike na ọnwụ igwe ruo taa, e nwere ndị mba analogues ọ bụla nke mba nke ụwa.

"Tonado": ngwa

Nke a MRL na-adịkarịghị eji, tumadi maka ngụkọta ebibi:

• ogbunigwe batrị niile ụdị;
• nnọọ ọ bụla na ngwá agha;
• manpower;
• nkwurịta okwu ebe a na iwu posts;
• wuo ụlọ, gụnyere ndị agha na ulo oru;
• zenith okụre.

MLRS "Smerch": nkọwa

MLRS "Smerch" dị na njikere agha nke Russia, Ukraine, UAE, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Turkmenistan, Georgia, Algeria, Venezuela, Peru, China, Georgia, Kuwait.

multiple rọketi launchers "Smerch" nwere àgwà:

• Ibu MRL bụ emebibeghị ma na a ọgụ ọnọdụ - 43,7 tọn.
• Na ogologo nke "na naa" - 12.1 m, obosara - 3,05 m, elu - 3,59 mita.
• shells caliber bụ nnukwu - 300 millimeters.
• Eji maka firing Tammy ụyọkọ na integrated management unit na ihe ọzọ moto na-eji ihe-ndebe direction iru ihe mgbaru ọsọ. Nzube nke shells nwere ike dị iche iche: si na fragmentation na okpomọkụ na nsogbu.
• Anya firing MLRS "Twister" - site 20 ruo 120 kilomita.
• The kacha ebe nke mmerụ mgbe na-eme a volley - 67,2 hectare.
• The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ebubo na okporo ígwè - 12 iberibe.
• Otu salvo rụrụ maka 38 sekọnd.
• Full ike retrofitted MRL "Twister" shells dịruru banyere 20 nkeji.
• Mbuso ịkpa "Smerch" dị njikere maka a kacha nke 3 nkeji.
• Recovery MRL bụ naanị na kọntaktị na TK-igwe onwem na a kreenu na Nchaji ngwaọrụ.
• The-arụ ọrụ nke mmadụ 3.

MLRS "Twister" - a bụ zuru okè ngwá agha ọgwụrụ na ike na-arụ ọrụ na ọ fọrọ nke nta ọ bụla okpomọkụ ọnọdụ, ehihie na abalị. Ke adianade do, shells chụọ n'ọrụ MLRS "Smerch", na-ada ekwesị, si otú mfe agbasa n'elu ụlọ na armored ugbo ala. Izere si "Smerch" bụ fọrọ nke nta agaghị ekwe omume, MLRS Burns na-ebibi ihe niile dị ya okirikiri nke edinam. N'ezie, nke a abụghị na ike nke a bọmbụ nuklia, ma ka onye nwere ndị "tonado", nwere ụwa.

Echiche nke "ụwa udo" - na ọ bụ a nrọ. Na dị ka ogologo dị ka e nwere MRL, apụghị iru ...