Mmalite nke Romanov usoro ndị eze. History nke Romanov usoro

Romanovs usoro ndị eze onye mere ụbọchị laghachi iri na isii na narị afọ, dị nnọọ abịa site na otu agadi magburu. Ma mgbe di na nwunye na-ekpebiri n'etiti Ivanom Groznym na nnọchiteanya nke Romanov - Anastasiey Zaharinoy, ha ghọrọ nso n'obí ya. Mgbe guzosie ike mmekọrịta Moscow Ruric n'ocheeze malitere itinye onwe ha Romanovs.

History nke Russian eze ukwu nke usoro ndị eze malitere mgbe achị mba ghọrọ hoputara grandnephew nwunye Ivana Groznogo - Mikhail Fedorovich. Ụmụ ya guzo na isi nke Russia ruo mgbe October 1917.

prehistory

The nna nna nke ụfọdụ magburu onwe ezinụlọ, gụnyere Romanovs, a na-akpọ Andrei Ivanovich nne inyinya, bụ onye nna, dị ka ọ pụtara ìhè site ndekọ Divonovich Gland-Kamba, natara na baptism aha Ivan, pụtara na Russia ke akpatre afọ iri nke iri na anọ na narị afọ. Ọ si Lithuania.

N'agbanyeghị nke a, a na-udi nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na-egosi na mmalite nke Romanov usoro ndị eze (nkenke - Ụlọ Romanov) si Novgorod. Andrei Ivanovich nwere dị ọtụtụ dị ka ụmụ ndị ikom ise. Ha a na-akpọ Simon na stallion Alexander osisi, Vasily Ivantay na Gabriel Gavsha na Fedor Cat. Ha bụ ndị nna nna nke ọtụtụ dị ka iri na asa magburu ụlọ na Russia. Ke akpa ikpere Andrei Ivanovich na ya mbụ ụmụ anọ utu aha Kobylin, Fedor Andreevich na nwa ya Ivan - Koshkin, na nwa nke ikpeazụ - Zachary - Koshkin-Zakhar'in.

Ntoputa nke surnames

Ụmụ anya jụrụ akụkụ mbụ - Cat. Na ruo oge ụfọdụ ha malitere ide naanị n'okpuru aha nke Zakharins. Site isii ikpere thereto e kwukwara ọkara nke ọzọ - Yuriev.

Ntem, ụmụ Pita na Vasiliya Yakovlevichey utu aha Yakovlev, Romana - okolnichy na ndị gọvanọ - Zakharins-Romanov. Ọ bụ na ụmụaka ndị nke ikpeazụ na-esite ama Romanov usoro ndị eze. N'oge ọchịchị nke ụdị malitere na 1613th.

eze

Romanov usoro ndị eze bụ ike iru na eze ocheeze ise nnochite anya. Nke mbụ n'ime ha bụ oké-nwa nwanne Anastasia - nwunye Ivana Groznogo. Mikhail Fedorovich - eze mbụ nke Romanov usoro ndị eze, a zụlitere ya ocheeze Zemsky Sobor. Ma ebe ọ bụ na-eto eto na-enweghị ahụmahụ, n'ezie na-achị na mba Bayou Martha na ndị ikwu. Mgbe ya, Romanov usoro ndị eze ndị eze ole na ole. Ọ bụ nwa-ya Alex na ụmụ ụmụ atọ - Fyodor, Ivan V na Peter I. Ọ bụ ihe ikpeazụ na 1721, afọ biri na Romanov usoro ndị eze.

eze ukwu

Mgbe Peter A. ọkọdọk ebekpo, maka ụdị malitere a kpamkpam dị iche iche oge. The Romanovs, onye mere eme dị ka ndị eze ukwu nke usoro ndị eze malitere na 1721-m, nyere iri na atọ Russian-achị achị. N'ime ndị a, na atọ bụ ọbara.

Mgbe Peter Ukwu - akpa ukwu nke na-House of Romanov - ka autocratic Eze Nwanyị Ukwu ocheeze e ketara site ya iwu nwunye Catherine m, si malite nke a ka na-hotly arụrịta ụka site akụkọ ihe mere eme na-edu. Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, ike ebe nwa nwa ya Peter m site n'alụmdi na nwunye mbụ - Peter II.

N'ihi na nke infighting na intrigues nke inwe nke nna nna ya si e oyi kpọnwụrụ. Na mgbe eze ukwu ike na chọrọ mma nke ukwuu, e nyefere nwa nwoke nke okenye nke Emperor Petra Velikogo - Ivan V, ebe mgbe Anny Ioannovny rịgooro na Russian ocheeze nwa ya nwoke ihe na Duke nke Brunswick. Aha ya bụ Jọn VI Antonovich. Ọ bụ naanị ihe nnọchiteanya nke Mecklenburg-Romanov, bụ onye na-eze. Ọ kwaturu ya, nwanne mama - "Nwa Petrov" Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Elizabeth. Ọ alụghị nwaanyị na ịmụ nwa. Ọ bụ ya mere Romanov usoro ndị eze, na table nke Board nke bụ nnọọ nnukwu, kpọmkwem nwoke akara ya bụ na ya na n'elu.

Maruuru akụkọ ihe mere eme

Accession ocheeze nke ụdị mere n'okpuru iju ọnọdụ, gbara ya gburugburu ọtụtụ iju ọnwụ. Romanov usoro ndị eze, bụ ndị na-anọchite anya nwere a foto na ihe ọ bụla akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere, na-na na njikọ aka Russian ndekọ akụkọ ihe mere. Ọ na-anọchi maka ya mgbe nile ịhụ mba n'anya. Ọnụ na ndị mmadụ na-aga site ike ụfọdụ, ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-eweli obodo nke ịda ogbenye na ịda ogbenye na - pụta nke mgbe nile na-agha, na Romanovs. History nke Russian usoro ndị eze n'ụzọ nkịtị jupụta ọbara ihe na-omimi. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ya nnọchiteanya, ọ bụ ezie na-asọpụrụ na-ebute ọdịmma nke ụmụ amaala, n'otu oge oké ya obi ọjọọ.

mbụ achị

Year nke mmalite nke Romanov usoro ndị eze bụ ezi-erughị ala. The ala nwere nweghị ezi onye na-achị. Tumadi ekele na magburu onwe aha Anastasii Zaharinoy na nwanne ya nwoke Nikita Romanov ezinụlọ na-akwanyere ùgwù site niile.

Russia emekpa agha na Sweden na ihe fọrọ akwụsị internecine feuds. Ná mmalite February, na 1613th afọ na Grand Kremlin Obí, gbahapụrụ mba ọzọ mwakpo, tinyere a ikpo nke unyi na irighiri, a na-akpọsa bụ eze mbụ nke Romanov usoro ndị eze - a-eto eto na-enweghị ahụmahụ isi Mikhail Fedorovich. Ma ọ bụ nke a iri na isi afọ nwa nke Onyeisi Filaret akara mmalite nke ọchịchị nke Romanov usoro ndị eze. Ọ na ofu na-achị ruo iri atọ na abụọ na afọ.

Ọ bụ ya na ya na-amalite Romanov usoro ndị eze, osuso-ọmumu table nke a na-amụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. Na 1645-m Michael nọchikwara nwa ya Alex. Nke ikpeazụ bụ na-iwu maka a ogologo oge - karịrị iri afọ atọ. Mgbe ya, na iji nke inwe ọ e jikọtara isi ike ụfọdụ.

Ebe ọ bụ na 1676 isii mbụ afọ nke Russian iwu nwa nwa Michael - Fedor, aha ya bụ mgbe ukwu ya-nna nna. Mgbe ọnwụ ya, ọchịchị nke Romanov usoro ndị eze kwesịrị iso Peter m na Ivan V - ụmụnne ya. Ha na-fọrọ nke nta ka afọ iri na ise, rụrụ a sọrọ ike, ọ bụ ezie na ọ fọrọ nke nta niile nke mba ochichi we nwanne ha nwaanyị Sophia, bụ onye e reputed na-adị nnọọ ike-n'anya nwaanyị. Historians-agwa anyị na a pụrụ iche abụọ ocheeze, na-enwe a oghere e nyere iwu ozuzo a na ọnọdụ. Ma ọ bụ site n'aka ya nwayọọ agwa Sophia nyere ya ntụziaka ụmụnna.

Petr Veliky

Na ọ bụ ezie na mmalite ọchịchị nke Romanov usoro ndị eze a na-ejikọta ya na aha Mikhail Fedorovich, na ọ dịkarịa ala, otu onye nke na-anọchite anya ịma fọrọ nke nta niile. Nke a bụ a nwoke nwere ike ịbụ mpako nke na dum Russian ndị mmadụ, ha Romanovs. History nke Russian eze ukwu nke usoro ndị eze, ndị mere ndị Russia na Russia akụkọ ihe mere eme na-inseparably jikọrọ ya na aha Petra Velikogo - nchoputa na ọchịagha nke mgbe agha na agha mmiri, na n'ozuzu - a nwoke na a-aga nnọọ n'ihu echiche na ndụ.

Na nraranye, a siri ike ma na-a oké ike n'ihi na-arụ ọrụ, Peter m, dị ka, n'ezie, na ihe nile, na a wezụga ole na ole, ndị Romanov usoro ndị eze, nke nwere a foto nke na-anọchite anya nke niile akụkọ ihe mere eme akwụkwọ, n'ihi na ndụ mụtara ọtụtụ ihe. Ma ọ na-akwụ ụgwọ pụrụ iche anya ka ndị agha na seamanship. N'oge njem mbụ ná mba ọzọ na 1697-1698 afọ, Peter were a N'ezie nke Atilari Sciences na Königsberg, mgbe ahụ, ọkara otu afọ na-arụ ọrụ maka Amsterdam shipyards a mfe ịkwa nkà, na-amụ ozizi shipbuilding na England.

Ọ bụghị naanị ndị kasị dị ịrịba ama àgwà nke ya oge, o nwere ike ịdị mpako nke Romanovs: akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian usoro ndị eze amaghị a ọgụgụ isi na ịmata onye. Ihe niile banyere ya, dị ka ya na ha dịkọrọ ndụ, ha gbara akaebe na nke a.

Peter mgbe niile nwere mmasi ihe niile na-n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na-emetụta atụmatụ ya: na na akụkụ nke management ma ọ bụ azụ ahịa, na-akụziri. Ọchịchọ ịmata ya keere fọrọ nke nta niile. O na-eleghara ọbụna n'onye kasị nta nkọwa, ma ọ bụrụ na ha ekemende nwere ike ịbụ ihe bara uru.

A okwu nke ndụ Petra Romanova bụ ịrị elu nke ala na ike nke agha ya ike. Ọ bụ ya na onye ghọrọ onye nchoputa nke mgbe agha na agha mmiri, iso nna ya mgbanwe - Alexei Mikhailovich.

State mgbanwe nke Peter akarade tụgharịa Russia n'ime a dị ike na ala, nke enwetara ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, mmepe nke mba ọzọ ahia, na ezi ndutịm management.

Na ọ bụ ezie na mmalite ọchịchị nke Romanov usoro tọrọ fọrọ nke nta iri afọ isii tupu ọ bụla nke ndị nnọchianya ya nwere ike nweta ihe mere Petr Veliky. Ọ bụghị naanị ike na ya dị ka a oké diplomaati, ma na-kere mgbochi Swedish Northern Alliance. Na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke aha nke mbụ eze ukwu ejikọrọ isi ogbo nke Russia mmepe na ya ntoputa ka a oké ike.

N'otu oge ahụ, Pita a nnọọ ike mmadụ. Mgbe afọ nke iri na asaa na ọ we ike, ọ bụghị na-ezo nwanne ha nwaanyị Sophia dị anya n'ebe obibi ndị mọnk. Otu n'ime ndị kasị ama nnọchiteanya nke Romanov usoro ndị eze, Peter, mma maara dị ka ndị Great, mara ezuru heartless Emperor, onye ya onwe ya kọwaa ihe mgbaru ọsọ - ka ịhazigharị ya malotsivilizovannoy obodo na Western n'ụzọ.

O sina dị, n'agbanyeghị ihe ndị a na-aga n'ihu echiche, ọ na-atụle a ụma na-eme ọchịchị aka ike, dị nnọọ a egwuregwu n'ihi na ya obi ọjọọ ụzọ - Ivanu Groznomu, di ukwu ya-nne nne Anastasia Romanova.

Ụfọdụ na-eme nnyocha na-ajụ na-amụba mkpa nke Peter reorganizations na izugbe iwu nke eze ukwu n'oge ọchịchị ya. Peter, ha kwere, nọ na a ọsọ ọsọ iji nweta ha ihe mgbaru ọsọ, kpaliri nnọọ mmasị ụzọ kasị nso, iji mgbe ụfọdụ ọbụna na o doro anya na ntugheriukwu ụzọ. Na nke a bụ ihe mere na mgbe ya nnwụchu ọnwụ, Russian Alaeze Ukwu ngwa ngwa laghachi ala nke onye ndozigharị Pyotr Romanov gbalịrị ịdọrọ ya.

Ọ gaghị ekwe omume na onye dara swoop ka radically ịgbanwe ya ndị mmadụ, ọbụna na-ewu maka ya ọhụrụ isi obodo, boyars kpụọ afu-ọnu-ma duru sbiralsya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị rallies.

O sina dị, ụkpụrụ ndị Romanovs, na karịsịa, ndutịm mgbanwe, nke ẹkenam Peter pụtara a otutu maka mba.

alaka ọhụrụ

Mgbe ịlụ Anne (nke abụọ ada Peter Ukwu na Catherine), nwa nwanne nke Swedish eze tọrọ mmalite nke Romanov usoro ndị eze, nke n'ezie ghọọ a ụdị Holstein-Gottorp. N'otu oge ahụ, dị ka nkwekọrịta, nwa a mụrụ nke a alụmdi na nwunye, na ha ghọrọ Peter III, ka nọgidere na a so na obí eze.

N'ihi ya, dị ka usoro ọmụmụ iwu, nke ndị eze ukwu umunna bịara mara dị ka Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov, nke na-apụta ìhè ọ bụghị nanị na ha na ezinụlọ ha uwe nke ogwe aka, ma na-na ogwe aka nke Russia. Kemgbe ahụ, ocheeze e gafere na a ogologo akara, na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla twists. Nke a mere ekele na iwu nyere site Paul. Ọ kwuru na inwe nke madu guzozie akara.

Mgbe mba ahụ nọ na-achị Paul Alexander m - diọkpara ya, bụ onye na-amụtaghị nwa. A abụọ ya na nkpuru - Duke Konstantin Pavlovich - abdicated na, n'eziokwu, bụ otu n'ime ndị na-akpata nke Decembrist nsogbu. The esote eze ukwu bụ ya nke atọ nwa - Nicholas I. Ke ofụri ofụri, ebe ọ bụ na oge nke Catherine Ukwu ahụ, ihe niile ndị nketa ocheeze malitere eyi aha Crown Prince.

Mgbe Nicholas m, ocheeze ebe diọkpara ya - Alexander II. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na otu afọ Tsarevich Nicholas Alexandrovich ụkwara nta gburu. Ya mere, na-esote bụ nwoke nke abụọ - Emperor Alexander III, bụ onye na-ịga nke ọma ya ọkpara na ndị ikpeazụ Russian gọvanọ - Nicholas II. Ya mere, site na oge mgbe, ndị usoro ndị eze Romanov-Holstein-Gottorp a alaka emee asatọ eze ukwu-agụta na Catherine Great.

iri na itoolu na narị afọ

Na XIX na narị afọ ezinụlọ eze ukwuu gbasaa na ụba. pụrụ iche iwu na-achịkwa ikike na ọrụ nke ọ bụla n'ime ndị òtù ezinụlọ na-ọbụna iwere. Ndi kpọmkwem, na onwunwe nke ịdị adị ha. E nwere ọbụna ẹkenam a ọhụrụ aha - onye-isi nke alaeze ukwu ọbara. O weere ya n'ebe dị nnọọ anya na ụmụ nke onye na-achị.

Ebe ọ bụ na oge malitere Romanov usoro ndị eze na mmalite nke iri na itoolu na narị afọ na Imperial House ama gụnyere anọ alaka na nwaanyị akara:

• Holstein-Gottorpovskaya;
• Leuchtenberg - abịa site na nwa nwaanyị nke Nicholas m, Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna, na Duke nke Leuchtenberg;
• Oldenburg - si alụmdi na nwunye ya na ada Emperor Paul Duke nke Oldenburg;
• Mecklenburg - si alụmdi na nwunye nke Princess Catherine Mikhailovna na Duke nke Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

Mgbanwe na Imperial House

Ebe ọ bụ na mgbe ahụ bụ mmalite nke Romanov usoro ndị eze, akụkọ a na ezinụlọ zuru nke ọnwụ na-awụfu ọbara. Sịkwa ikpeazụ nke ezinụlọ - Nicholas II - utu aha ọbara. M ga-asị na ndị eze ukwu onwe-ya na n'otu oge ahụ adịghị iche iwe iwe ọkụ.

Ọchịchị ikpeazụ Russian edidem ji ngwa aku n'uba nke mba. N'otu oge ahụ na Russia e nwere onye na-abawanye nke na-elekọta mmadụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-emegiderịta. All a mere ka mmalite nke amamihe ije, na dị ka a n'ihi - na nsogbu nke 1905-1907, na mgbe ahụ ka February mgbanwe.

Russian eze ukwu na eze Poland na Grand Duke nke Finland - ikpeazụ Russian Tsar nke Romanov usoro ndị eze - rịgooro ebekpo ke 1894. Nicholas II dịkọrọ ndụ kọwara dị ka adụ na gụrụ oké akwụkwọ, ji ezi obi na devotee nke mba ahụ, ma n'otu oge a nnọọ isi ike mmadụ.

O doro anya na, nke a bụ ihe kpatara nke persistent mmegide na ndụmọdụ nke ndị nwere ahụmahụ isi na oha mbipụta na, n'ezie, mere ka na-egbu egbu na njehie na Romanov iwu. Ihe ijuanya na a raara nye, ịhụnanya nke Ọkaakaa nwunye ya, nke na ụfọdụ ndị mere eme akwụkwọ a na-akpọ ọbụna uche ekwesịghị akpan akpan, mere ka e lelịa ndị ezinụlọ eze. Ajụjụ ya ikike e posited dị ka nanị ezi.

Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na nwunye nke ikpeazụ Russian eze ukwu nwere nnọọ a sịnụ na ọtụtụ akụkụ nke oha. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-uche otu ohere iri uru nke, mgbe ọtụtụ elu-ogo mmadụ bụ ọ dịghị ụzọ ruru eru. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-ewere na nke ikpeazụ na-achị Romanov fatalist, ebe ndị ọzọ bụ nke uche na ọ bụ dị nnọọ kpamkpam indifferent na ahụhụ ndị ha.

Ọgwụgwụ nke ọbubu-eze

Blood 1917 e na-ikpeazụ maka etisasị etisasị ike nke autocrat. Ọ niile malitere Mbụ Agha Ụwa na adịghị ike nke ndị na-iwu nke Nicholas II na oge a tara akpụ n'ihi na Russia.

Akụ ọkpọ nke Romanov ezinụlọ na-ekwu na n'oge a ikpeazụ edidem enweghị ike ma ọ bụ na-emeghị-adọ mejuputa n'ime omume ndị dị mkpa na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-elekọta mmadụ mgbanwe. The February mgbanwe na-amanye ndị eze ukwu ikpeazụ ka i leghara. N'ihi ya, Nicholas II na ezinụlọ ya mkpọrọ n'ụlọ na n'obí ya na Tsarskoye Selo.

Ke ufọt ufọt iri na itoolu na narị afọ ndị Romanovs chịrị karịa a isii nke mbara ala. Ọ bụ onwe-zuru ezu, onwe na ụtụtụ kasị European mba akụ na ụba. Ọ bụ oké oge, nke biri mgbe ogbugbu nke ezinụlọ eze, nke ikpeazụ nke Romanovs: Nicholas II na Alexandra na ụmụ ha ise. Ọ mere na ke Re nke Ipatiev ụlọ na Yekaterinburg n'abalị nke July 17, 1918.

Romanov taa

Site na mmalite nke 1917 Russian Imperial House of Representatives ẹkewetde nke iri isii na ise, iri atọ na abụọ nke bụ nke ndị nwoke ọkara. Iri na asatọ ndị gbara site Bolsheviks na oge site na 1918 ruo 1919 afọ. Ọ mere na St. Petersburg, Alapaevsk na, n'ezie, na Yekaterinburg. Ndị fọdụrụ iri anọ na asaa ndị gbara ọsọ. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ha nọ ná ndọrọ n'agha, tumadi na US na France.

N'agbanyeghị nke a ịrịba akụkụ nke usoro ndị eze nwere ihe karịrị afọ iri na-enwe olileanya maka ida nke Soviet ike na mweghachi nke Russian akwado ọchịchị ya. Mgbe na December 1920 Olga K. - Grand Princess - ghọrọ regent nke Greece, ọ malitere ná mba a n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ si Russia, na-aga nnọọ echere ma na-aga n'ụlọ. Otú ọ dị, nke a adịghị eme.

Otú ọ dị, House of Romanov ruo ogologo oge nwere ibu ibu. Ọzọkwa, na 1942, ndị nnọchiteanya abụọ nke House ọbụna nyere ocheeze Montenegro. Ọ ọbụna kere mkpakọrịta, nke na-agụnye ihe niile dị ndụ òtù nke usoro ndị eze.