Na ihe afọ e mkpọsa nke Prince Oleg wee Kiev? mmetụta

Na ndabere nke Old Russian ala nọgidere nnọọ obere ihe ọmụma. The otu nwere ike kwuru nke ya creators. Ma ọ dịghị onye ajụjụ eziokwu na mkpọsa nke Prince Oleg na Kiev wee ebe na-egwuri a dị oké mkpa ọrụ na jikọta Slavic ebo niile na-isi.

iberibe

Onye ọ bụla nke ekemende ridara na akụkọ ihe mere eme n'okpuru aha Olega Veschego, akamana eleghị anya ke akpa ọkara nke 9 na narị afọ na ókèala nke oge a na Denmark. E nyere ya aha onye iberibe na e mesịrị mara dị ka Orvar, nke sụgharịta ka "ọganihu". About afọ ndị mbụ ya agaghịkwa ama ihe ọ bụla. Ma ihe ndị mmekọrịta Rurik, na-eme nnyocha na-ekweta na ha na-adịghị na ya site na ọbara. Otú ọ dị, dị ka otu version, nwunye Prince Efanda bụ nwanne ya nwaanyị, na ndị ọzọ - Oleg onwe ya bụ nwa ya iwu. N'ihi na nke a, nakwa dị ka àgwà ya iberibe ghọrọ n'ozuzu na-enwe obi ike na nkwanye ùgwù nke Rurik. Na ya, ọ bịara Ladoga na Ilmen na oge n'etiti 858 na 862 afọ.

Ịchị Novgorod

Mgbe Rurik ọnwụ na 879, ọ hapụrụ nwa ọhụrụ nwa, Igor. E a ajụjụ banyere njide. Co-regent nke-eto eto isi ka afọ ndụ ya kwupụtaworo na ya (ikekwe ọ hoputara) Oleg, nke, dị ka ọtụtụ na-eme nnyocha, na-abịa nwa nwanne nna. The ọhụrụ onyeisi bụ oké ọchịchọ, na o nwere dị ukwuu atụmatụ. Karịsịa, ọ na-zubere na-achịkwa nke ala azụmahịa ndị kasị mkpa ụzọ si "Varangians na Grik."

kwadebe mkpọsa

N'ezie, ime ka ya dị ebube n'oge nke agha-na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị atụmatụ ke egbu, Prince Oleg were a ọtụtụ oge na mgbalị. N'afọ 882, o nwere ike kpọkọta a nnukwu agha, esịnede bụghị naanị nke squads Vikings na Novgorod dike, ma Krivichi nke Izborsk Chud, Vesi si Beloozero na Mary si Rostov. O duuru ndị agha wee Oleg. Iji mee ka ya na omume ziri ezi, ọ kpọọrọ ya Igor, onye n'oge ahụ sonso 5 afọ. Men kwagara Kiev na ụgbọ mmiri, na-anọchi anya Slavic odnoderevki. Ha bụ ndị mfe ebukọtala na-ezukọta, ka ndị dị otú ahụ a ikpe nwere ike, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, ikpuru dọkpụụrụ site n'otu osimiri ọzọ.

Nsoro si Vikings ndị Gris

Nsoro, nke a ga-enwe na mkpọsa nke Prince Oleg Kiev, bụ mma amaara ya. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke ahia uzo "si Vikings ndị Gris", nke Scandinavian ahịa na-eji esi na Constantinople. Kemgbe ụwa, otú ha na-agafe na Viking (Baltic) oké osimiri site na Gulf nke Finland elu Neva. Mgbe ahụ, ọ aga Lake Ladoga, n'ebe ahu ka Volkhov dị na Lake Ilmen. Next soro ụgbọ mmiri elu osimiri Lovat, na ha nwere na-dọkpụụrụ ịdọrọ n'ime Dnieper. Ná ngwụsị nke ụzọ nchọpụta ụgbọ mmiri na Pont-Sea na ruru Constantinople. Ụfọdụ Norman ahịa iso njem ha n'ihu, ruru obodo na n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Mediterranean.

Prince Oleg Maachi na Kiev

The mbụ ịga nke ọma nke ndị agha, bụ onye kwuru okwu site Novgorod, bụ mastery nke Smolensk, onye n'oge ahụ bụ isi obodo-Krivichy Slav. The obodo nyefere enweghị a agha, dị ka n'etiti alụso Oleg ọtụtụ nke ndị mba ha. Park nri na Smolensk "di" nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-eguzosi ike n'ihe nye ya, Oleg wee na ewerewo obodo Ljubech bụ ebo northerners. Nke a nzọụkwụ e weere n'okpuru akara nke Dnieper n'ụzọ nile t. E. Ọ enweta otu n'ime isi ihe nke e tụụrụ ime mkpọsa nke Prince Oleg na Kiev (na ihe afọ nke a mere, na i maara).

Askold na dir

Mgbasa Ozi nke Prince Oleg na Kiev ike-egbu oge, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-araba n'ọnyà nke ahụ achị obodo. Askold na dir ndị Rurik squads nke Vikings, ma-abụghị nke onyeisi ezinụlọ. N'ịbụ ọkà ọchịagha, ha ugboro ugboro mere ngagharị mgbasa megide ndị agbata obi ha na ọbụna "gara Constantinople." Dị ka Greek emere n'ubọchi, ma ndị e mere baptizim mgbe ha laghachiri si Byzantine mkpọsa.

ọnyà

Iji zere a ogologo nọchibidoro Kiev, Oleg zigaara ya onye ozi ndị na-achị obodo, bụ onye zitere okwu na ha chọrọ izute na Norman ahịa, nke ọnụ na-eto eto na-isi nke Novgorod ụgbọ mmiri na Greece. Askold na dir, bụ ndị gbara ume mba ahia, bụghị chere aghụghọ, wee bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke Dnieper enweghị nchebe. Ka ọ dịgodị, Oleg kpuchie ihe fọrọ nke nta ya niile agha na ndi nēru nbì. Ozugbo Kievan isi bịara rooks, ha gbara ya gburugburu site na njikere dike. Tupu ha pụtara Oleg, ọ nọgidere na-Igor aka. Na-atụ aka na nwa, ọ si, na Askold na dir nwere Kiev enweghị ịbụ onyeisi Ya na ezinụlọ, mgbe Igor bụ nwa Rurik. Ma Varyag ozugbo pinned dike Oleg.

Ihe mere maka igbu ọchụ nke Askold na dir

Modern mmadụ bụ ike ịghọta ọjọọ nke Oleg megide ha compatriots, ndị na-abụghị ndị iro ma ya ma ọ bụ Rurik. Otú ọ dị, onye-isi nwere ezigbo ihe mere tufuo ndị eze ndị a. The eziokwu na, dị ka ihe ndị mere n'ụbọchị, Rurik rutere ya obibi ọhụrụ, ndị agha jụrụ ya maka ikike na-aga "kwakọrọ" Constantinople. Otú ọ dị, n'ụzọ nke atụmatụ ha gbanwere, na ha biri na Kiev. Site n'enyemaka nke ya nche Askold na dir tọhapụrụ bi na-enwe na-akwụ ụgwọ a ụtụ ahụ Khazars na merie ụfọdụ Slavic ebo. All a emewo ka onye na-abawanye na ha ikike n'etiti ama na ndị nkịtị. N'ihi ya, Askold na dir aghọwo rivals ụdị Rurik, na a na-egbochi mmejuputa Oleg na-eme atụmatụ na-achịkwa isi ahia uzo n'oge ahụ nke kwere nkwa bukwanu aku uru. Ke adianade do, Kievan isi ogologo oge tupu ihe ndị a were Christianity t. E. Na n'anya Vikings squad Novgorod isi ha bụ ndị na-jụrụ chi ha.

Mmeri nke Kyiv

Warriors Askold na dir, na ndị bi na obodo, ekpe na-enweghị isi, na ịhụ n'ihu ya a esi n'agbụrụ Rurik nke Novgorod enweghị eguzogide. Ha ghọtara ikike nke Igor na Oleg, nke ikpeazụ, ọ banyere n'ebe ahụ, kwusara Kiev nne nke Russian obodo.

Isi nke gburu achị achị nọ na-eli n'ugwu na gburugburu nke ọhụrụ n'otu isi obodo. Mgbe ọtụtụ iri afọ, n'ílì Askold, ẹnịm a ụbọchị, e wuru na Church of St .. Nicola na nso n'ebe ili ozu dir - Chọọchị St. Irina.

N'ihi ya biri mkpọsa nke Prince Oleg na Kiev (afọ 882). The mmeri gara Novgorod obere ọbara, na ya pụta nwere mmetụta na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Eastern Europe ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ.

n'ihu eze

Location Kiev ọ bụ nnọọ ihe ịga nke ọma. The obodo na-abụghị nanị dị mkpa ụzọ azụmahịa nke oge, ma na-enye ohere ị na-ewu njikọ na Crimea, Bulgaria na Khazars. Oleg kpaliri nke onye-isi "table", na-ahapụ ya Novgorod onyeisi obodo. Iwusi obodo, o wee malite iwu castles na ala n'okpuru ya na Slavic ebo. Prince Oleg, a njem Kiev nke siworo nnọọ ihe ịga nke ọma, na-enyemaka nke ya posadniks anakọtara ụtụ. A ọkpụrụkpụ òkè nke anakọtara ego ka ọdịnaya bụ squads, esịnede Varyags.

The ọhụrụ steti-a enweghi doro anya ókè na mgbe nile ịnabata ọgụ site yiri nke agha dị iche iche, na-awagharị awagharị site na Wild Field. Ke adianade do, ọbụna ndị na Slavic ebo nile, ndị na-akwụ ụtụ Oleg, mgbe mgbe, wakpoo ọ bụla ọzọ, na onye-isi nwere na-eme ka a ikpe.

The mbụ Mmeri ọhụrụ ala

Fọrọ nke nta ozugbo mgbe n'isonyere Kyiv Prince Oleg "mere agha" na Drevlyane ebo onye bi na n'oké ọhịa na bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke Pripyat. Ha zutere Varangian nche na ngwá agha n'aka-ha. Otú ọ dị, Agha nke Kiev bịara mmeri, mgbe ha na-emegide na-amanye-akwụ ụtụ nwa marten na ndị ọzọ na ajị anụ na-amị ụmụ anụmanụ.

Ruo mgbe afọ abụọ were Oleg imeri ala na Dnieper Radimichi northerners onye biri n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Kiev mpaghara. Ndị a ebo ụgwọ ụtụ ahụ Khazars, megide nke na ha nwere ike na-alụ ọgụ naanị. Oleg gosiri na ya a nkà diplomaati. Ọ tụrụ aro Radimichi na northerners akwụ ya ụtụ n'ọnọdụ obere nchebe pụọ Khazars. Ya mere Prince Oleg Maachi na Kiev (882) ekemende ada ka mbibi nke ike nke ọbịa Khan n'elu Slavic ebo.

Ke adianade do, ọ na-mara na ọ bụ ike gabiga onwunwe nke yiri nke agha Ugric ndị mmadụ na-amanye ịhapụ ụlọ ha nso Ural n'ala ahụ n'ihi ihe mgbe nile clashes na Pechenegs.

Ụdi afọ (ruo 906), Oleg aku nchedo ala nke ala. Toro Igor agaghị ngwa ngwa achọ nyefe nke ikike, dị ka onye nlekọta ikike n'etiti ndị a ma ama na-dike bụ nnọọ elu karịa nke-eto eto isi.

Na 906, Oleg gara agha na Constantinople na ofu na mgbidi ya ọta ukwu ya na, ba ọtụtụ nkwekọrịta iji na-akwalite mmepe nke ahia na nwetara a nnukwu otu oge ụtụ. Oleg akpa ke 912. Dị ka akụkọ mgbe ochie, ihe na-akpata ọnwụ ya ghọrọ a snakebite.

Ndị na-esi nke mkpọsa nke Prince Oleg na Kiev

The ozi ọma nke ịga nke ọma nke Novgorod gbasaa ngwa ngwa site na Slavic ebo na ruru Byzantium.

The Board of Prince Oleg na Kiev were afọ 24. Ọ bụ ha na-isi nke Ancient Russian ike e gụnyere, dị ka anya, e matara ike nke ebo nile nke northerners, glades, Drevlyane, Krivichi Ilmen Slovenia, Vyatichi, Ulichi, Radimichi na Tivertsy. Na n'isi obodo nke na-erube isi ha isi Oleg malitere inye ha ndị mmadụ site na nke haziri centralized management nke ike kere ya. Ke adianade do, ọ bụ kwara detours kwa afọ ala akpụ akụkụ nke Old Russian ala, nke tọrọ ntọ-ala nke ikpe na tax usoro.

N'ihi ya, na mkpọsa nke Prince Oleg na Kiev (ụbọchị arụmọrụ agha si Novgorod amaghị) aghọwo otu n'ime omume ndị kasị mkpa na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba anyị. Karịsịa, ọ na-nwetara na elu nke genus Rurik, na-achị achị rus ruo n'oge narị afọ nke 17 (ikpeazụ nnọchiteanya ke ebekpo - Vasiliy Shuysky).

Ugbu a, ị maara, mgbe e nwere ndị dị otú ahụ na ihe ndị mere eme dị ka mkpọsa nke Prince Oleg na Kiev na guzobe nke oge ochie Russian ala. N'ụzọ dị mwute, ruo ugbu a nọgidere ọmụma dị nnọọ nta banyere nke a ọkara kpara àgwà. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ na-eme nnyocha kweere na Amụma Oleg keere a oké mkpa ọrụ na Russian akụkọ ihe mere eme.