Nitrogen ezengwenri uka

Nitrogen-akọ 15 otu (ochie nhazi ọkwa - na isi na subgroup nke ise otu) nke 2nd oge na 7 ọnụọgụ nzùrùòkè na oge System nke Ihe, na na-akara na nitrogen N. ezengwenri uka 14 n'arọ / mol.

Nitrogen dị ka a dị mfe umi bụ n'okpuru nkịtị ọnọdụ a dihydric inert gas bụghị enweghị agba, ọ dịghị uto, ọ dịghị isi. Nke a gas mejupụtara obere Ụwa ikuku. Molekụla arọ nke nitrogen bụ hà 28. Okwu bụ "nitrogen" n'asụsụ Grik pụtara "adịghị ndụ".

Na ọdịdị, na gas ụmụ irighiri na-ekewet nke anụ isotopes, nke ezengwenri uka nke nitrogen bụ 14kg / mol (99.635%) na 15 kg / mol (0.365%). N'èzí n'ụwa a hụrụ na ihe ndị mejupụtara nke gaseous nebulae, na anyanwụ ikuku, interstellar ohere na mbara ala Neptune, Uranus, na na. Ọ bụ nke anọ na usoro mbara igwe na-agbasa mgbe ọcha dị ka hydrogen, helium, oxygen. Artificially emepụta redioaktivu isotopes, nke ezengwenri uka nke nitrogen - si 10 n'arọ / mol na ruo 13kg / mol, na site na 16 kg / mol 25 kg / mol. Ha niile bụ ndị nke adịte ọcha. The kasị anụ nke isotopes nke ezengwenri uka nke nitrogen bụ 13kg / mol, nwere minit iri ọkara ndụ.

The ndu ọrụ nke a gas bụ nnukwu, n'ihi na ọ bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi ọcha si nke nucleic asịd na-kwukwara, ndi na-edozi, nucleoproteins, chlorophyll, haemoglobin, na ndị ọzọ dị mkpa bekee. Ma mụ isotope nke nitrogen, na ezengwenri uka bụ 14kg / mol na 15 kg / ahumachi aka na nitrogen metabolism. N'ihi nke a, nnukwu ego nke ofu nitrogen nwere ndu eme ntule, "nwụrụ anwụ" organic na particulate okwu nke oké osimiri na oké osimiri nile. Na n'ihu, dị ka a n'ihi nke decomposition na putrefaction Filiks nke organic nitrogen-nwere, nitrogen-nwere organic ego na-guzobere dị ka, e.g., nitrate.

Nitrogen si ikuku na-enwe ike eke agbụ na agbanwezi ya ka ọ digestible ụdị, n'ihi na ihe atụ, ammonium ogige, banyere 160 ụdị microorganisms, tumadi esịnede na a symbiotic mmekọrịta elu osisi, na-enye ha na nitrogen fatịlaịza, na n'ihu tinyere nri yinye ọkọkpọhi herbivores na carnivores.

N'okpuru laabu ọnọdụ, nitrogen na-enwetara site omume ammonium nitrite decomposition. N'ihi bụ a ngwakọta nke gas na amonia, oxygen na nitrogen oxide (m). Ya ọcha na-emepụta site na-agafe n'ihi ngwakọta site a mbụ na igirigi ibu sulphuric acid ngwọta, mgbe ígwè sulfate (II), na mgbe ahụ n'elu-ekpo ọkụ ọla kọpa. Ụzọ ọzọ iji nweta ya na laabu mejupụtara agafee ọla kọpa oxide (II) amonia, na okpomọkụ nke banyere 700 degrees Celsius.

Na ulo oru ọnụ ọgụgụ nitrogen nwetara site agafe ikuku nke na-ekpo ọkụ Coke, ma ọ dịghị ọcha ngwaahịa kpụrụ, na ọzọ na ngwakọta, ma na magburu gas na carbon dioxide, a na-akpọ "ikuku" ma ọ bụ "regenerative" gas. Ọ bụ a akụrụngwa n'ihi chemical njikọ na mmanụ ụgbọala. Ọzọkwa, site na "generator" nitrogen gas nwere ike natara, n'ihi na nke a absorption Ẹnịm carbon monoxide. The abụọ usoro nke na-amị nitrogen na ndị ụlọ ọrụ - fractional distillation nke mmiri mmiri na ikuku.

E nwekwara usoro ndị dị otú dị ka gas nkewa akpụkpọ ahụ na adsorption. N'ikuku nke atọm nitrogen, ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ nọ n'ọrụ karịa molekụla, ike, n'ihi na ihe atụ, na-emeghachi omume n'okpuru nkịtị ọnọdụ na site, sọlfọ, arsenic, metal. Nitrogen ogige na n'ọtụtụ ebe, na-eji na ụlọ ọrụ na-eme fatịlaịza, explosives, ọgwụ, na e ji esiji ákwà na na. Na Petrochemical ụlọ ọrụ ọ na-wepụchara edoghi, elele ha na-arụ ọrụ nrụgide. Na Ngwuputa mgbagwoju na ya enyemaka ike n'ime m gbawara-àmà gburugburu ebe obibi, bursting ha mkpatụ formations. Na ngwá electronic ha fụọ mgbakọ, nke ghara ịdị irè nwetụrụ ọxịdashọn site oxygen dị na ikuku.