Polyethylene:-agbaze mgbe, n'ji Njirimara na ngwa

Taa, mmadu nwere ike ime na-enweghị aka wuru ihe. Ha nwere ọtụtụ ihe pụrụ iche àgwà dị na budata onu ego nke mmepụta. One dị otú ahụ ihe onwunwe eme dị ka polyethylene. The agbaze mgbe, nakwa dị ka ndị ọzọ nkọwa na-zuru ezu kwesịrị echiche. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị chọọ-mgbe ihe taa. Ọzọkwa, chemical ụlọ ọrụ ụwa na-emepụta ọkara nke ethylene, na-eduzi na njikere nke polyethylene. Iji ghọta ihe mere na ọ bụ ya mere na-ewu ewu taa, i kwesịrị ịtụle e ji mara ya.

Gịnị bụ umi

Ọdịdị nke ahụ polyethylene ụmụ irighiri bụ nnọọ mfe. Ọ anya dị ka a yinye nke bụ carbon atọm. Iji ọ bụla n'ime ha iso abụọ ụmụ irighiri nke hydrogen. Na ụwa e nwere abụọ nsụgharị nke a umi. Ha dị iche na Ọdịdị. Nke a na-apụta ìhè Njirimara nwere polyethylene (a agbaze na esi ebe, n'ji). Nso n'otu ha bụ naanị mmalite. Ma mgbanwe na-kwadebere si ethylene.

The mbụ ụdị mejupụtara linear polyethylene monomers. Ha n'ókè nke polymerization bụ 5000 ma ọ bụ karịa. The abụọ mgbanwe nwere a branching monomers. Ha na-ekewet nke carbon atọm (4 6).

Ka ịmepụta a linear polyethylene, mee kpọmkwem akpali. The polymerization usoro pụtara na okpomọkụ ruo 150 Celsius C.

e ji mara

The thermoplastic polima nke e ji ihe opacity nke oyi akwa na oké, na-egosi na anyị polyethylene. Agbaze mgbe, teknuzu e ji mara ihe ka ọ na-ewu ewu nhọrọ. Ọ crystallizes ke nso site na -60 na -269 Celsius C.

Ya isi mma quality bụ enweghị wetting nke polyethylene. N'ụlọ ha, ọ na-adịghị kpughere na a dịgasị iche iche nke organic solvents. Ọzọkwa, ọ na-adịghị eme na ụlọ okpomọkụ na mmiri nnu, acidic na alkaline ngwọta.

Mgbe okpomọkụ adahade 60 ° C, ihe na-aghọ ngwangwa na igirigi ibu sulphuric na nitric asịd. Ime oxidants maka ịgwọ elu nke polyethylene, nwere ike na-atụ anya mbibi nke elu oyi akwa. The ihe onwunwe na-amalite na-wetted na mmiri. Nke a àgwà dị mkpa maka bonding polyethylene.

polymerization ụzọ

Dabere na usoro nke polymerization nke ethylene, polyethylene bụ 3 ụdị: ala, elu nsogbu na linear ụdị ihe onwunwe. Ọ na-ekpebi ihe ndị ga-nwere a polyethylene. The agbaze mgbe, teknuzu Njirimara nke ọ bụla umu iche. Ya mere, ha na-eji ihe fọrọ nke nta ọ bụla nọ nke mmadụ ọrụ.

Polyethylene e mere n'okpuru elu nsogbu, ihe nro. Ya polymerized buu usoro. Nrụgide a oji 1-3 puku. Igwe ndọrọ ego. The okpomọkụ bụ 180 Celsius C. Oxygen abuana na nke a dị ka ndị initiator.

Low njupụta polyethylene na-arụpụtara iji Ziegler-Natta akpali. Na usoro a na-ewe akụkụ organic mgbaze. Operating nrụgide bụ dịkarịa ala 5 igwe ndọrọ ego., Na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ karịa 80 Celsius C.

Linear (nkezi) polyethylene bụ onye n'etiti ihe onwunwe n'etiti atụle umu. Nke a na-emetụta ya àgwà na Njirimara. Ọ na-mere na a mgbali nke 30-40 igwe ndọrọ ego. Mgbe na-eji metallocene akpali bụ omume na-enweta a ngwaahịa nke enwekwukwa ike.

Ihe kpatara ọdịiche polyethylene Properties

Branching macromolecular Ọdịdị ekpebi Njirimara nwere polyethylene. The agbaze mgbe, njupụta, na-adabere na ụdị nke circuit. The ọzọ alaka ya nwere, na ihe na-agbanwe ihe onwunwe na-erughị crystalline Njirimara na-enwetara na mmepụta.

Nke a na atụmatụ na-egbochi guzobe nke Ọdịdị denser nkwakọ macromolecules mgbochi na-aghọ 100% nke larịị nke crystallinity. The ihe onwunwe na-nwere ihe ikuku na-adọ. Ọ nwere ezu iwu òkè nke ụmụ irighiri. The n'ichepụta usoro na-ekpebi ruru nke crystalline na ikuku n'ụzọ. Nke a na atụmatụ na-emetụta ndị Njirimara nke polyethylene.

Ya mere, ihe nkiri ahụ, nke na-emepụta ala-na-enwe nrụgide, ọzọ permeable karịa nke ọzọ umu. The ukwuu crystallinity (molekụla arọ), na elu n'ibu arụmọrụ. Ya mere, dị ka a film ihe onwunwe bụ uzo na-agbanwe. Otú ọ dị, polyethylene Ibé akwụkwọ bụ isiike na opaque.

mmetụta nke okpomọkụ

N'okpuru nduzi nke gburugburu ebe obibi quality mgbanwe, nke a na-nyere na polyethylene. The agbaze n'ókè nke a umi bụ nwekwara dabere na usoro nke mmepụta. Ke ofụri ofụri, polyethylene mgbe ewe iwe dabara ọtụtụ nkebi. Akpa, ọ na-aghọ a na-adụ, na-agbanwe. Ọ na-adị mfe nkwarụ site n'ibu mmetụta.

Brittleness okpomọkụ na nke na-ajụ adịkwaghị polyethylene e ji mara bụ 70 Celsius C. Na efen ntọt ya ihe nro ọzọ. Ọ kpamkpam na-efunari ya pụta ụwa udi mgbe ewe iwe n'elu 120 Celsius C. Na umi ọ na-enyo na mmiri mmiri na okpomọkụ nke 130 ° C.

Na mgbakwunye na kpo oku okpomọkụ, ọ dị mkpa iji gaa na akaụntụ mmetụta nke ultraviolet radieshon. Ọ bụrụ na ihe a na-eji n'èzí na ngwaahịa, ị ga-ahọrọ a ike dịgasị iche iche. Ma ọ bụghị ya, na-adụ, agbanwe polyethylene mgbe afọ nke ọrụ n'okpuru kpọmkwem ìhè anyanwụ ga-abụ ike na kenkuwa. Ọbụna agba nke ihe onwunwe mgbanwe karịrị oge.

High njupụta polyethylene

Onye ọ bụla iche iche nke ihe onwunwe, e nwere àgwà ndị pụrụ iche. Nke a gbatịrị nso nke ngwa, nke nwere polyethylene. Agbaze mgbe (elu njupụta) bụ 120-135 Celsius C. Na ụfọdụ akara ule nke okpomọkụ na-eguzogide bụ 110 Celsius C. High molekụla njupụta mma kwes na ujo eguzogide.

Ke adianade àgwà ndị a, ala njupụta polyethylene bụ obere susceptible ka chemical agha. Otú ọ dị, oké njupụta nke ụmụ irighiri na ala okpomọkụ, na-eme ihe kenkuwa, ọ na-aghọ permeable na Alụlụụ,, haruru.

Nke a na ụdị ihe nwere ezigbo dielectric e ji mara. Ọ bụ biologically-adịghị ejekwa ozi ma na-adị mfe esichara n'ime ulo oru mmepụta.

Low njupụta polyethylene

Nke a na-agụnye a na-agbanwe, fechaa polyethylene. -Agbaze okpomọkụ, crystallization Njirimara adịghị ekwe ka ọ na site na elu-ike, okpomọkụ na-eguzogide ngwaahịa. Dabere ụdị nwere ike a dị iche iche njupụta. Ha agbaze okpomọkụ bụ site 60 ruo 90 Celsius C.

Dị nnọọ ka gara aga ụdị ihe onwunwe, elu-njupụta polyethylene ọzọ bụ inogide ma ọ bụrụ na a molekụla ibu enwekwu. Ọ bụ obere ewekarị chemical, ultraviolet mmetụta. Ma ọ na-ebelata ya ike idi ihe ịtụnanya. On a polyethylene na oké ntu oyi cracks, etịbede. Ọ na-aghọ permeable na vapors na, haruru.

Ndị dị otú ahụ a na ihe onwunwe bụ na-ugbu ọma dielectric àgwà. Ọ na-adịghị egosi iguzogide abụba, mmanụ. Ma nke a na ihe onwunwe bụ ike nwere radieshon ibé. Bayoloji, ihe a na-inert, kama mfe nhazi.

Jiri nke ala-na-njupụta polyethylene

Ịchọpụta na pụta ụwa àgwà ihe akporo nke bụ polyethylene. Agbaze mgbe (ojiji nke a oke a chọrọ mgbe ahọpụta onye ọ bụla ihe) na-enyere Ndinam nke ndị dị otú a umi nkwakọ ngwaahịa na containers. N'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu, na akpa a na-arụpụtara site igbu ịkpụzi. Ndị a nwere ike containers maka ntecha ma ọ bụ isisi, nri nkwakọ.

Mkpọ na akpa si a ala-njupụta polyethylene eji na akpakanamde na chemical ụlọ ọrụ, ke imewe nke manu tankị na rụọ.

Inweta Ihu Ọma adị mmepụta nke nkwakọ fim nke otu ihe onwunwe. Ọ na ọtụtụ-eji na mmepụta nke ọjà, anwụrụ oyiyi akwa. Ọ bụ ọnụ ala na inogide ihe onwunwe. Ọ bụ ike ka ha chụpụ N'ihi na n'ihu mpi ngwaahịa ahịa.

Ngwa nke elu-njupụta polyethylene

Polyethylene, nke bụ n'okpuru-agbaze okpomọkụ karịa aga umu, na-eji na mmepụta nke fim maka ugbo, nri ụlọ ọrụ na ndị ọzọ na ulo oru nzube. Ya ina bụ mgbe niile na-eto eto.

Dị iche iche na fim maka ọrụ ugbo nwere ike ọzọ mkwado, agba bụ nwekwara dị iche iche. Ha na-eji greenhouses, ubi iji melite ogo na nke ukwu nke ihe ubi.

Food fim, nchịkọta n'ụwa nile na-iwesa na ihe niile na a ukwuu kwa afọ. Nke a na ụdị ihe a na chụpụrụ site na isi ahịa agba ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ ihe.

Ọdịdị nke oriri

Polyethylene, agbaze uche nke akowa ya akporo n'ụwa nile na nnukwu ina. Ọdịdị nke ihe oriri bụ nnọọ akpali. 60-70% nke polyethylene eji Nlụpụta Ibé akwụkwọ na fim.

Ọzọkwa, a akụkụ buru ibu nke ngụkọta mmepụta ogide isiokwu nwetara site injection ịkpụzi ma ọ bụ site n'ọnụ ndị extrusion. Ubé karịa mmepụta nke mkpuchi maka eletriki wires, ọkpọkọ na oyiyi akwa. polyethylene na-eji na-amị isiokwu site igbu ịkpụzi, na ndị ọzọ.

Na mmepụta nke Ibé akwụkwọ na fim na-fọrọ nke nta mgbe mee elu nsogbu polyethylene (ala njupụta). Ha na-arụpụtara ụzọ dị iche iche. The film ọkpụrụkpụ bụ na nso 0.03-0.3 mm, na Ibé akwụkwọ - 6.1 mm.

Ke adianade nkwakọ, nke a ihe nwere ike ime ka sacks, akpa, iche iche maka úkwù, igbe na ndị ọzọ containers. The Njirimara chọrọ nke ngwaahịa, chọpụta usoro nke mmepụta nke polyethylene. Ná ngwụsị nke mmepụta nke ọ bụla ụdị ihe a na kenyere Devid agụghị ndị gbara. Ọ na-enyere aka na-ahọrọ nri ụdị ihe ọ bụla ụlọ ọrụ.