Pt-76 amphibious tank: nkọwa, e ji mara na-akpali eziokwu

Tupu mmalite nke World War II na Soviet Union nwere oké ahụmahụ na ihe e kere eke nke sere n'elu armored ugbo ala. Na iri anọ na afọ mbụ nke Red Army bụ ndị kasị ibu nsoro nke ndị dị otú a Usoro, Otú ọ dị, n'oge ọgụ arụmọrụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke ihe nke-ebibi onye iro agha. The ike nke ígwè bụ doro anya agbanwe agbanwe na ebumnobi nke ọchịchị na-enweghị ike iji ike ahụ agha. Pt-76 sample - sere n'elu tank, nke bụ na ntọhapụ nke ndị serial na-agbazi ka ndị post-agha afọ. Na ya isi a tọhapụrụ a ole na ole mgbanwe. Tụlee e ji mara na atụmatụ nke amphibian.

History nke e kere eke

Amphibious tank pt-76 e zubere iji kwadebe na egbe ala caliber 76 mm. Ọ ga-abụ ike nke na ụgbọ njem siri ike idobere mgbọ na-enwe ike nyefee ndị agha iri abụọ airborne. Development nke nkà na ụzụ ọhụrụ imewe Bureau ada n'elu shipbuilding osisi ke Nizhny Novgorod ( "Red Sormovo").

The na nwunye mbụ nke prototypes e mere 1948. N'ụzọ dị mwute, ihe nlereanya na-ifọnke, mgbe nke mmepe were Institute of Transport Engineering na St. Petersburg (Leningrad). Manufactures ugbu a họpụtara Stalingrad iga osisi. N'ozuzu management nke oru ngo rụrụ zh. Ya. Kotin. N'otu oge, n'okpuru idu ndú ya kere arọ onwe-propelled ogbunigwe. Na ọrụ nke-edu ndú mmebe mere Shamshurin NF

The ọhụrụ oru ngo natara index 740.-erule n'oge okpomọkụ nke 1950 tọhapụrụ a prototype. Na oké ule ọhụrụ ọgụ ụgbọala na isi akarịala ya osompi (K-90 si Moscow emepụta), gafere ọma ihe mgbochi nile. Na August 1951, ihe aha ya bụ "amphibious tank pt-76" na e kuchiri.

Design atụmatụ

Weere agha igwe nwere a oge gboo okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu, ọ na-ezo aka ihe dị mfe na klas. Armored agha nwere atọ compartments:

1. management ngalaba, chọpụtara na ụta.
2. Ọgụ ogige dị na etiti nke ahụ, onwem na a conical ụlọ elu nhazi.
3. The ike mkpọ na n'azụ ụlọ. E nwere a dizel engine na a ụzọ mmiri jets (mbụ ji mee ihe na-adabere a Usoro).

Oghere Usoro mmepụta nke ụgbọ ala malitere ugbua na 1951. Mass mmepụta n'ihu wee rue 1967 na a ngụkọta pipeline gbadata banyere puku mmadụ anọ mbipụta. Na 1967, bụ ngwá ọrụ E wepụrụ ọrụ.

Pt-76 tank: Atụmatụ

Ihe na-esonụ bụ kenkwucha oru na atụmatụ:

• Product na udi - sere n'elu tank.
• Production afọ - 1951.
• The ọrụ - ikom atọ.
• The circuit ndokwa - kpochapụwo.
• The ogologo / obosara / elu - 6,91 / 3,18 / 2,19 m.
• agha ọkpụrụkpụ - 5 ruo 13 mm, dabere na ọnọdụ (imi, n'akụkụ, na ala, ụlọ elu).
• Base - 4,08 mita.
• Track - 2,74 mm.
• The lumen nke ụzọ - 37 cm.
• Ntinye akwụkwọ Type - akpọrepu homogenous ígwè nke elu ike.
• Mgwo agha - rifled egbe caliber 76 mm igwe egbe SGMT 7,62 mm.
• Shot nso - ruo 12 km.
• pịnye n'anya - telescopic ika TSHK-66.
• Ike osisi - dizel engine V-6 amị 240 horsepower.
• speed index (kacha) - 44 km / h na ala, 10.2 km / h - ese n'elu mmiri.
• Arọ - 14 tọn.
• Miri dọrọ - 2.8 m.
• Cruising cross obodo / sere n'elu - 210/70 km.
• Suspension - onye torsion ụdị.
• Specific ike - 17,1 lita. s / m.

Adaptations chọpụtara na nkwurịta okwu na

Fechaa sere n'elu FET-tank 76 na-onwem na atọ periscopic ngwaọrụ nke mere ndokwa na a n'usoro n'usoro turret ọchịagha. Fixtures na-n'ịnyịnya tightly na-enye a mma nnyocha nke a kama warara akuku.

Ngwaọrụ nwere ise-abawanye na ubi nke na-ele na 7.5 degrees nke mmiri. The n'akụkụ na-periscopes TNP na otu magnification. Nchaji ikiri ebe nwere ike iji naanị otu otu rotary ngwaọrụ dịkwuo Mak-4. Ọ na-emi odude ke iso onu na n'elu ụlọ nke ụlọ elu.

The na-abụghị ọgụ ọnọdụ, a ọkwọ ụgbọala na-edebe teren site na-emeghe onu. Na ọgụ na ọnọdụ maka nyochaa atọ ngwaọrụ ụdị n'ji ngwongwo. Ịchịkwa igwe na ọnọdụ nke ndị ogbenye visibiliti ma ọ bụ n'abalị nyere a binocular abalị ọhụụ TVN-2b. Ọ na-agụnye ihe infrared nyo, electronic nri na Gbasara Anya. Anya ọhụụ banyere 60 mita, agaghi asu n'akuku bụ ihe na-erughị 30 degrees.

Pt-76 tank: nkọwa nke engine na Chassis

Site na nnukwu ike unit n'okpuru echiche bụ a modernized moto amphibian tank T-34. Nnyefe na-biiri si nlereanya. Good ọsọ na maneuverability na ezi mmiri enye mmiri jets. Ndị a ọcha amphibious tank pt-76 nwere ike na-enweghị nsogbu ọ bụla iji merie ponds, tojuru bushes.

Ọ na-e kwuru na ala kpọmkwem mgbali akpụkpọ ụkwụ na ala, ebute mfe igwe nrutu ike Wetlands. Amphibious ọgụ ghọrọ ihe kọmpat na mfe ịnọgide na-enwe, na-natara a haịdrọlik ujo absorbers na-emekọ ihe onye torsion mmanya nkwusioru. Ndị a ọnụ na-enye mma Usoro ire ụtọ na ụba cruising ọsọ. The-ese n'elu mmiri tank pt-76 C 60 akwadebeghị na NBC nchedo usoro na akpaka ọku emenyụ ọkụ. Technology abụrụwo magburu onwe na-amanye ngagharị mgbasa nso nke ruo 500 kilomita.

mgbanwe

Na ndabere nke echiche nke igwe tọhapụrụ a ole na ole mgbanwe. N'etiti ha:

1. The nlereanya na 76 mm egbe D-56TM na abụọ ulo Ekechila ọnụ breeki. Ke adianade do, o nwere a kicker, esịtidem redio, abalị ọhụụ, kwes protivodymovoe ngwaọrụ. The elu nke ụlọ na-amụba site 13 millimeters. Year mma - 1957.
2. Modernized tank pt-76B ẹkesiode ke 1959. Ọ na-onwem na ngwá biplanar D-56TS, na kwụsie ike ngwaọrụ STF-2P, ventilashion echichi na nzacha. Na mgbe e mesịrị version arụnyere giropolukompas.
3. Na 1967, tank arụnyere n'okpuru echiche nke ọnụego mgbanwe PKT igwe egbe, ígwè okwu intercom na usoro P-123. The ụgbọ ala bụ na ọrụ ke Intelligence agha na Marine Corps.
4. Na ndabere nke pt-76 kere armored pesonel ụgbọelu BTR-50 launchers maka agha usoro "Luna", ndị divisional usoro maka demining Ur-67.

na-akpali eziokwu

The mbụ njọ agha nsogbu pt-76 mere na March 69 nke afọ Vietnam. A otu nke iri na abụọ ugbo ala na armored pesonel ebu wakpoo ndị American isi na Ben het ibibi egbe batrị. Isi nke pt-76 kụrụ a nke m, kama ndị butere bụghị n'usoro ma nọgide na-ọkụ. Ndị fọdụrụ ugbo ala wee banye n'ime a see na a platoon nke "Patton" na a ụzọ nke-emegide ugbo elu onwe-propelled ígwè ọrụ. The weere ahụhụ abụọ, ma agha na-aga n'ihu mgbe ọnwụ nke abụọ tankị na otu armored pesonel ụgbọelu.

N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 65th afọ, India chigharịkwuuru USSR maka enyemaka iji na-enye nchebe megide a ekwe omume mbuso agha nke Pakistan. amphibians, mbụ ogbe nke India natara 65 nke n'oge okpomọkụ. Total mba abụọ regiments nke igwe ndị a a ngụkọta nke ihe 90 mbipụta.

Na September 1965 pt-76 otu dị ka akụkụ nke Seventh ndi agha nke Indian igwe weghaara Pakistanis wakporo obodo. N'ihi ya, onye iro dị ike iti mkpu, adịkwa otu tank na aka ya. N'oge agha India furu efu banyere ụlọ ọrụ pt-76, ụfọdụ bụ ndị e weghaara Pakistan Army.

Na-ekere òkè ndị ọzọ agha esemokwu

Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị ama ese okwu metụtara echiche nke igwe na-na-esonụ ọgụ egbe:

• Agha n'etiti India na Pakistan, na 1971. Iri na anọ na ụbọchị nke na-alụ ọgụ e bibiri ma ọ bụ mebiri emebi 13 pt-76 tankị, na Pakistanis furu efu nile ha arọ ígwè. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị onyinye mmeri.
• Agha nke 1967 (Six Day) Ijipt na Israel. Ndị Ijipt na ngwá e nyochara 29 ugbo ala. Otú ọ dị, ha na e ji ndị ọzọ na nzube. N'ihi ya, abụọ nkeji ebibi 7 - ẹsịn. Lụtara ụdị izrailtsy redesigned na arụnyere ha American ogwe aka.
• N'ubọchi Kippur War na 1973. Ọ na-e gara site na pt-76 na akụkụ nke Ijipt, na site Israel.
• Ke adianade do, ụgbọ ala abuana ke Yugoslav agha na see ke Bosnia, Chechnya.

Ná ngwụsị nke

Ugbu a a ìhè amphibious tank pt-76 na BTR-50 - a ukwuu, na-enweghị isi "floats". Na USSR na ha na-e si ọrụ na 1967. Otú o sina anọghịzi n'ọrụ igwe nwetara ewu ewu na Middle East na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-eji. N'ihi ya oge, a Usoro mee dị nnọọ ihe ịga nke ọma, ma na ala na na mmiri.

Light amphibious tankị ifịk ifịk exported na Warsaw mmeko mba, dị ka nke ọma dị ka ndị kasị pro-Soviet African na n'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ mba. Lụtara Ijipt ụgbọala na-modernized site Israel engineer, na China tọhapụrụ ya onwe analọg n'okpuru akara "Type-63".