Redox Jeremaya mere

Okwu "ọxịdashọn" mbụ pụtara a kpọmkwem umi mmekọrịta oxygen na-etolite ihe oxide, dị ka oxygen ka mbụk a ghọtara dị ka ndị mbụ oxidant. Site oxidizing ghọtara oxygen njikọ, na n'okpuru mweghachi - laghachi ya. Ya mere okwu ahụ bụ "ọxịdashọn - mweghachi" ka ogologo ejikwara onwu. Redox Jeremaya mere mgbe e mesịrị bịa na-atụle otú ahụ Filiks dị ka a n'ihi nke bụ nke a nyefe nke electrons si otu atọm ọzọ, otú a okwu ka enwetara a nabatara umu pụtara. Ihe atụ, mgbe magnesium combustion na oxygen: 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO elektrọn nyefe emee si magnesium na oxygen.

Redox Jeremaya mere na-ji na ha emekọ reagents mara oxidants na reductants. Bekee atọm nke inye electrons atụle mbenata mmadụ. The chemical ogige onye atọm iri electrons akpọ oxidants. The n'elu mmeghachi omume bụ a magnesium mbenata gị n'ụlọnga onwe ya na-oxidized, i.e. eziga ihe elektrọn. Oxygen na-ebelata - ewe ihe elektrọn na ihe oxidizer. Ihe atụ ọzọ: CuO + H2 → Cu + H2O. Mgbe ewe iwe, ọla kọpa oxide na a hydrogen iyi ọla kọpa ion anabata electrons si hydrogen. Dị ka ihe oxidizing gị n'ụlọnga, na ha na-ebelata ka elemental ọla kọpa. Hydrogen atọm inye electrons, dị ka a na mbenata gị n'ụlọnga onwe ya na-oxidized na hydrogen.

N'ihi ya, ọxịdashọn na Mbelata Filiks-ebe n'out oge: oxidized ibelata na oxidizing mmadụ na-ebelata. Redox Jeremaya mere na-otú a na-akpọ n'ihi na e nwere ihe nkewapụ njikọ n'etiti mmegwara Filiks. Nke ahụ bụ, ọ bụrụ na e atọm nke inye electrons, na-mgbe nile na ndị dị otú ahụ na electrons iri. N'otu oge ahụ dị ka nke ndị oxidizer na a na mbenata gị n'ụlọnga ke agbanwe ogo ọxịdashọn. Dị ka a n'ihi nke chemical ogige pụrụ kpụrụ na ụdị ọ bụla nke atọm na ụmụ irighiri.

The isi ụdị nke redox Jeremaya mere:

1. Intermolecular - oxidizable na reducible atọm esịne ke ụmụ irighiri nke dị iche iche ọgwụ, n'ihi na ihe atụ: 2HCl + Zn → ZnCl2 + H2 ↑ (zinc - reductant hydrogen cation - oxidant).
2. Intramolecular - oxidizable na reducible atọm esịne ke ụmụ irighiri nke otu chemical umi, n'ihi na ihe atụ: KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2 ↑ (na a molekul nke potassium chlorate oxygen - reductant chloro - oxidant).
3. Autoxidation-onwe-agwọ ọrịa ma ọ bụ disproportionation - otu chemical mmewere na mmeghachi omume bụ mbenata gị n'ụlọnga na oxidizing gị n'ụlọnga, n'ihi na ihe atụ: 3HNO2 → HNO3 + 2NO ↑ + H2O ( a nitrogen atọm nke nitrous acid bụ ma a na mbenata gị n'ụlọnga na oxidizing gị n'ụlọnga, na ọxịdashọn ngwaahịa - a nitric acid, Mbelata ngwaahịa - nitrogen monoxide).
4. Comproportionation reproportsionirovanie ma ọ bụ - otu mmewere na-enwe a dị iche iche ruo n'ókè nke ọxịdashọn nke molekul, dapụtara na a otu ọxịdashọn ala, n'ihi na ihe atụ: NH4NO3 → N2O + 2H2O.

Redox Jeremaya mere na-adade ke a n'ozuzu ụdị ma ọ bụ electronically. Otu nwere ike tụlee ihe atụ nke chemical mmekọrịta: 2FeCl3 + H2S → FeCl2 + S + 2HCl. Ebe a, ígwè atọm bụ oxidizing gị n'ụlọnga, n'ihi na ọ na-ewe otu elektrọn na mgbanwe na ogo nke ọxịdashọn nke +3 ka +2: Fe + ³ + e → Fe + ². Ion sọlfọ mbenata gị n'ụlọnga na-oxidized, electrons na-eziga ọ na-agbanwe ọxịdashọn ala na -2 ka 0: Sˉ² - e → S Celsius. elektrọn ma ọ bụ ion-elektrọn itule ụzọ na-eji itinye n'ọnọdụ nke stoichiometric ọnụọgụ na akụkụ.

Redox Jeremaya mere bụ nile na mkpa nke ukwuu, ebe ọ bụ na ha underlie na combustion Filiks nke ire ere ure, respiration, metabolism, assimilation nke carbon dioxide na osisi, nakwa dị ka ndị ọzọ ndu n'ibu. Ọzọkwa, ha na-eji dị iche iche na ụlọ ọrụ maka amị ọla na-abụghị ọla si ha ogige. Ka ihe atụ, ndị a na-dabere na njikere nke amonia, na igirigi ibu sulphuric na nitric asịd, ụfọdụ ụlọ ihe, ọgwụ na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ dị mkpa na ngwaahịa. Ha na-eji na gbasara nyocha onwu maka ịchọpụta ihe dị iche iche chemical ogige.