The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Arabia na Iraq

France na-agbalị na-ekwu ya mmetụta na Oman na-mmiri azụmahịa na agha isi n'ọnụ ụzọ ahụ Persian Gulf, mkpesa Oman ngalaba. Anglo-French agha biri na a ikwere nkwekọrịta na 1862 England na France ghọtara "nnwere onwe" nke Muscat na Zanzibar. N'ihi ya, France ná mma na Oman si ngalaba; England e kwetara na okwu nke ya "nnwere onwe" iji n'ezie ozugbo ichegbu ya. N'ihi na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka afọ iri (1862-1871 gg.) Oman kpuchie site a-ewu ewu nsogbu megide British popet Sultan Suveyni (1856-1866 gg.). Ndị a nupụrụ isi na-akwado Wahhabi Najd, na-achọ iji weghachi mbụ ya ike na Oman. N'adịghị ka nkwekọrịta na 1862 England n'ihu ọha batara na Omani ikpe. Ọ nyere Suveyni egbe na mmiri na-alụ ọgụ ndị a, tụrụ bọmbụ na-enupu isi obodo na obodo nta, nyere iwu riri ya isi nọgide na-enwe protégé. The British isi nke Muscat nyeere akwụsịcha ime a-ewu ewu nsogbu.

Na 1861, Britain amanye a Protectorate nkwekorita Sheikh nke Bahrain Island. The nkwekorita e eduzi megide Turkey na Persia, ọ bụla nke a na-ewere Bahrain ya onwunwe. Na 1865, n'oge ahụ e nupụrụ isi Oman, na English bi na Gulf banyere Wahhabi isi obodo nke al-Riyadh ma nweta nkwekọrịta nke Wahhabi onye na-achị malitere bụghị ka ha nyere Omani nnupụisi. Na nloghachi, Britain nyere Najd kwuo mgbe ụtụ Oman. Na 50s na British weghaara na ndịda ụsọ oké osimiri nke Arabia na n'àgwàetiti Perim agwaetiti Muriyya curiae. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Arabia na Iraq.

Ike ọnọdụ nke Britain na Iraq, ebe 60-ies nke British ụlọ ọrụ ike Lynch osimiri navigation na Tigris - n'etiti Baghdad na Basra. N'aka nke ya, Basra e jikọrọ mgbe "English njem site n'oké osimiri na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Persian Gulf na India, na mgbe oghere nke ndị Suez Canal na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Europe. Na n'otu oge ahụ, na British mụụrụ site Iraq akara East Indian Telegraph. All a jikoro so mee ka mmepe nke British ahia na Iraq na Persia (n'ụzọ na-aga site na Iraq). English ahịa pumped si Iraq ọka, ajị, ụbọchị. Nnubata nke British ngwongwo ada ka mbibi nke obodo crafts.

Na 1869, Baghdad họpụtara gọvanọ Midhat Pasha, ọdịnihu ede akwụkwọ nke Turkish n'usoro ochichi. N'okpuru ịchịisi nke Midhat Pasha Turkish mmegbu emewo a karịsịa siri ike ụdị. Midhat anakwa-awagharị awagharị na ọkara na-awagharị awagharị Arab ebo na elu ụtụ isi choro kwụsiri ha ego, ọ disarmed ebo amanye ndị fellahin na Bedouin na-eje ozi ije agha na Turkish agha. Ndị a "innovations" na-akpọ 1869 a nnukwu nsogbu nke ebo ndị Arab, nke e ji obi ọjọọ ewute site Midhat. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Arabia na Iraq.